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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is poikilocytosis?
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Varying shape
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Markers for precursor B cells
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CD10
CD19 |
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Markers for precursor T cells
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CD1, CD2, CD5
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Cortex of spleen contains RBCs or WBCs?
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RBCs
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Reason for hypocalcemia following large blood transfusion?
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Citrate is added to blood to act as an anticoagulant.
This can also chelate Mg and Ca in the transfusion recipient. |
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Auer rods are identified based on what?
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Peroxidase positive cytoplasmic inclusions in granulocytes adn myeloblasts
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What is ferritin?
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Primary store of iron
Found in bone marrow macrophages |
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What is transferrin?
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Primary blood transport of iron
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How does chronic disease affect lab values in anemia?
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Primary event is an increase in the synthesis of ferritin.
Dec serum iron Dec transferin |
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What is hepcidin?
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Increased hepcidin decreases iron transport out of the cell
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Transferrin has an inverse relationship with what other lab value?
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Ferritin
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Example of an irreversible NSAID
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Aspirin is the ONLY irreversible NSAID
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Most common side effect of Ganciclovir/AZT coadministration
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Neutropenia
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Tox of Ganciclovir
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Leukopenia
Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia Renal toxicity |
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HIV therapy w/ pancreatitis as a toxicity?
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Didanosine
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Toxicity of reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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Neutropenia
Peripheral neuropathy Pancreatisis - Didanosine Megaloblastic anemia - Zidovudine Lactic acidosis - nucleosides Rash - non-nucleosides |
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Normal Hemoglobin values
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Female = 12-16
Male = 13.5-17.5 |
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Epidemiology Etiology Manifestations Clinical findings |
Epidemiology: most common vasculitis in children. Common age 3-10
Etiology: IgA immune complexes Usually follows URI Manifestations: Nephropathy, abdominal pain, purpura (buttocks and legs), arthraligas, intestinal hemorrhage IgA nephropathy |
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Hematocrit means
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Proportion of blood volume occupied by RBCs
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Negative side effects of anabolic steroid use
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Erythrocytosis
Gynecomastia Decreased Testicular fxn (infertility) Dyslipidemia (dec HDL, ind LDL) Hepatotoxicity Cardiac disease Psychological distrubance Increased coagulation Premature epiphysial fusion (stunting of growth) Acute pancreatitis |
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Rituximab
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MAB against CD20
Used for Lymphomas |
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Erythroid precursors in Liver and spleen indicative of what?
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Extramedullary hematopoesis
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Multiple myeloma
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Malignant proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow
Clinical manifestations: Renal Failure Anemia Light chain gammopathy Amyloidosis Bone pain (increase IL-6 stimulates osteoclasts) Hypercalcemia Renal failure: -Bence jones proteins infiltration of kidney by plasma cells -Amyloid deposition -Metastatic calcification |
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Tox of Clindamycin
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Psuedomembranous colitis
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Toxicity of Aminoglycosides
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Nephrotox (esp when combined w/ cephalosporins)
Ototox Teratogen NMJ blockade |
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Lab findings in DIC
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Inc PT and PTT
Dec fibrinogen Inc D dimer Thrombocytopenia & anemia Dec Factor V & VIII |
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Where is iron regulated?
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Intestinal epithelial cells
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How to differentiate between B cell and T cell type ALL?
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B cell --> spread to CNS and testes (is also the more common type)
T cell --> spread to anterior mediastinum |
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Mechanism of ITP
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Autoimmune destruction of platelets
Antibodies to GpIIb/IIIa |
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Ligament that contains the gastric arteries?
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Gastrohepatic
(note: can be cut during surgery) |
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Ligament that contains the short gastric arteies?
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Gastrosplenic
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Ligament that contains the splenic vessels?
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Splenorenal
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Basal electric rhythm:
Stomach Duodenum Ileum |
Stomach: 3 waves/min
Duodenum: 12 waves/min Ileum: 8-9 waves/min |
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What level is the SMA at?
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L1
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Superior rectal artery can anastamose with...
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middle rectal
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Portosystemic anastamoses
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Rectal: Superior rectal <--> middle/inferior rectal
Umbilical: Paraumbilical <--> Superficial and Inferior epigastric Esophageal: Left gastric <--> esophageal |
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Innervation of external hemorrhoids
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Inferior rectal nerve (branch of pudendal)
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Difference in cancer types based on pectinate line?
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Above the line --> Adenocarcinoma
Below the line --> Squamous cell carcinoma |
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Insults that occur in Zone III
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Ischemia hits here first
Alcoholic hepatitis Toxic injury |
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Liver zone that contains the P-450 system
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Zone III
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Contents of the femoral sheath
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Femoral vein, artery, and canal (deep inguinal lymph nodes)
NOT femoral nerve |
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Relationship of Indirect inguinal hernia to inferior epigastric vessels
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Lateral
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Path of an indirect inguinal hernia
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Deep inguinal ring --> superficial inguinal ring --> scrotum
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Layers covering indirect inguinal hernia
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External spermatic fascia, cremasteric fasica, internal spermatic fascia
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Path of an direct inguinal hernia
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Through the external inguinal ring olny
Covered by external spermatic fascia |
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Hesselbach's triangle boundaries
Significance |
Inferior epigastric artery
Lateral border of rectus abdominis Inguinal ligament Where direct inguinal hernia protrudes |
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Stimulate gastrin secretion
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Stomach distension
ACh Peptides Amino acids (phe & trp) |
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Source of CCK
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I cells of the duodenum and jejunum
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Increases intestinal blood flow after meals
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CCK
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Action of secretin
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Inc bicarb from the pancreas
Dec gastric acid secretion Increases bile secretion |
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Somatostatin located in
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D cells of pancreatic islets and GI mucosa
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GIP action
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Dec H+ secretion
Inc insulin release |
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Action of VIP
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Increase intestinal water and electrolyte secretion
Increase relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters |
