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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Supraoptic nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus Lateral Suprachiasmastic Ventromedial Septal Anterior Posterior |
All parts of the hypothalamus
Supraoptic - ADH Paraventricular - oxytocin Lateral - Hunger, inhibited by leptin Ventromedial - satiety Suprachiasmatic - circadian rhythm Septal - sexuality Anterior - Cooling, parasympathetic Posterior - Heating, sympathetic |
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MPTP linked to what diseaese?
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Parkinsons
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Myoclonus
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Sudden, brief muscle contraction
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Dystonia
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Sustained, involuntary muscle contraction
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Damage to the reticular activating system
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Coma
Reduced level of arousal and wakefulness |
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Damage to subthalamic nucleus
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Contralateral hemiballismus
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Damage to hippocampus
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Cannot form new memories
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Damage to PPRF
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Lose ability to make ipsilateral horizontal eye movements
Look away from lesion |
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Damage to FEF
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Look towards lesion
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muscle that is spared in recurrent laryngeal damage
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Cricothyroid
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Connects Brocas to Wernickes
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Arcuate fasiculus
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Poor repetition
Follows commands Fluid speech |
Conduction aphasia
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Poor repetition
Nonfluent speech Follows commands |
Broca
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"Worst headache of my life"
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SAH
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Blood supply to the internal capsule
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Lenticulostriate arteris from MCA
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Common sites in the brain for HTN injury
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Basal ganglia
Thalmaus Pons Cerebellum |
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How strokes will appear on imaging
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MRI - 3-30 min to appear, and last for 10 days. appear white on diffusion weighted
CT - appear dark, take 24 hrs to appear |
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Sx of anteior spinal artery (medial medulary syndrome)
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Hypoglossal paralysis (toung deviate to ipsilateral side)
Contralateral hemiparesis Contralatearl proprioception |
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Wallenberg syndrome
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Lateral medullary
PICA Nystagmus Contralateral loss of pain/temp body Ipsilateral loss pain/temp face Nystagmus, diplopia, vomiting, nausea Ipsilateral Horners Ipsilateral ataxia Hoarsness Vertigo Diploplia |
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Artery infarcted leading to Homonomous hemianopa w/ macular sparing
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PCA infarct
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What is the cause of Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms
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Chronic HTN
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Foramen of Magendie
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Connects 4th ventrical (medially located)
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Foramen of monro
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connects lateral to 3rd vetnricles
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Sx of Normal pressure hydrocephalus
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Urinary incontinence
Wide gait ataxia Dementia |
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Cells that are destroyed in MS
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Oligodendrocytes
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Use IFN-beta to treat
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MS
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Romberg test
What does it test and what do results mean |
Used for ataxia
If posivite - then a dorsal column (sensory) problem If negative - then a cerebellar defect |
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Respond to pressure and vibration
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pacinian corpuscles
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Clinical reflex roots
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Biceps - C5,C6
Brachioradialis - C5-C6 Triceps, - C7, C8 Achilies - S1, S2 Patellar - L3, L4 |
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Rooting reflex
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Stroke side of cheek and head moves lookin for nipple
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Superior colliculi
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Vision
Conjugate vertical gaze center |
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Inferior colliculi
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Hearing
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Parinaud syndrome
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Paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze b/c of superior colliculi lesion
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Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
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VII
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Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
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Glossopharyngeal
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Innervates parotid gland
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Glossopharyngeal
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Innervates sublinguial gland
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Facial
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Corneal reflex
Afferant and Efferent |
Afferent V1 (nasociliary branch)
Efferent VII - temporal branch |
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Vagal nuclei
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Nucleus ambiguious (motor)
Nucleus solitarius (sensory) Dorsal motor nucleus --< autonomics to heart, gut, lungs |
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CN XI lesion symptoms
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Cannot move head to contralateral side + shoulder drop
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How do opiods work?
How is tolerance formed? What drug can you use to prevent this? |
Inc K+ out of cell and Dec Ca in; this decreases the release of neurotramsitters: 5-HT, NE, Substance P, ACh, Glu
Tolerance is formed by: Inc NO, phosphorylation of opioid receptors, and increasing adenylate cyclase action Things like glutamate increase NO and phosphorylation by activating NMDA receptors. So give an NMDA receptor blocker like Ketamine |
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Gram positive microbe with tumbling motility
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Listeria
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Allosteric activator of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
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N-acetylglutamate
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Conduction deafness in left ear; what would W & R say
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BC>AC on left
Weber lateralize to left |
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Sensineural deafness in left ear; what woudl W & R say
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AC>BC on left
Weber lateralize to the right |
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How ciliary muscles work?
What are they innervated by? |
When they contract, they cause relaxation of the pupil and it gets wider. this helps w/ near sight
They are stimulated by M3 receptors for accomodation |
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Where is aqueous humor produced from?
Stimualted by what? |
Ciliary proccess --> B receptors
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What controls the size of the iris?
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PS --> M3 --> miosis --> Constrictor/circular/sphincter
Symp --> alpha 1 --> mydriasis --> radial muscle |
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Innervates stapedius
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Facial
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Nerve for lacrimation
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Facial
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