(Usmle) Chemotherapy Drugs

Front 1

Name the drug: S-phase specific antimetabolite. Folic acid analog that inhibits dihydroflolate reductase. Results in decreased dTMP

Back 1

Methotrexate

Front 2

Toxicity of methotrexate

Back 2

Myelosuppresion and macrovesicular fatty changes.

Front 3

Which drug rescues cells poisoned with methotrexate?

Back 3

Leucovorin (folinic acid)

Front 4

Which phase of the cell cycle is inhibited with Methotrexate?

Back 4

S-phase

Front 5

What phase of the cell cycle is inhibited with 5-flurouracil?

Back 5

S-phase

Front 6

Given the mechanism, state the drug:

S-phase specific. Pyrimidine analog bioactivated to 5F-dUMP, which complexes folic acid. Thymidylate synthase is inhibited. Can't rescues with leucovorin.

Back 6

5-Fluorouracil

Front 7

Which drug rescues cells poisoned with 5-FU?

Back 7

Thymidine

Front 8

5-FU has synergy with which drug?

Back 8

Methotrexate

Front 9

Do you use 5-FU for solid tumors or leukemias?

Back 9

Solid tumors (especially colon cancer)

Front 10

This drug blocks de-novo purine synthesis. Activated by HGPRTase

Back 10

6-Mercaptopurine

Front 11

In general, what type of cancers does 6-MP treat?

Back 11

Hematologic cancers (Leukemias, lymphomas (although not CLL or Hodgkin's)

Front 12

Why does 6-MP have increased toxicity when simultaneously used with Allopurinol?

Back 12

Both are metabolized by xanthine oxidase

Front 13

What's another name for Cytarabine?

Back 13

Ara-C

Front 14

How does Cytarabine (Ara-C) work?

Back 14

Inhibits DNA polymerase

Front 15

There's only one cancer that Ara-C is used for. What is it?

Back 15

AML

Front 16

Side effects of Ara-C (Cytarabine) (x3)

Back 16

Leukopenia,
Thrombocytopenia
Megaloblastic anemia

Front 17

Two drugs that are alkylating agents that covalently cross link DNA at guanine N-7

Back 17

Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide

Front 18

Toxicity with cyclophosphamide

Back 18

Myelosuppression
Hemorrhagic cystitis (I would call this a k-n-o-w)

Front 19

Which drug can you co-administer with cyclophosphamide to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis?

Back 19

Mesna

Front 20

Camustine, lomustine, semustine, and streptocin are nitrosoureas that work how?

Back 20

Alkylate DNA. They can cross the blood-brain barrier

Front 21

These two drugs act like alkylating agents and form reactive oxygen species

Back 21

Cisplatin and carboplatin

Front 22

What is the clinical significance of nitrosoureas crossing the BBB?

Back 22

They can treat brain neoplasms. Also, they cause neuro side effects

Front 23

This drug alkylates DNA, is used in CML and causes pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation

Back 23

Busulfan

Front 24

Antidote to cisplatin/carboplatin

(This one wasn't in First Aid)

Back 24

Amifustine

Front 25

Side effect of cisplatin and carboplatin:

Back 25

Nephrotoxicity and acoustic nerve damage

Front 26

The mechanism of this drug class is to generate free radicals and noncovalently intercalate in DNA.

Back 26

Doxorubicin

Front 27

Side effects of Doxorubicin and daunorubicin

Back 27

Cardiotoxicity
Myelosuppression and alopecia to boot

Front 28

Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D) is used in which age group related tumors?

Back 28

kids tumors (Wilms', Ewing, and Rhabdomyosarcoma)

Mnemonic: Kids ACT out (as in ACTinomycin D)

Front 29

This drug is similar to Doxorubicin in that it generates free radicals although it doesn't intercalate in DNA

Back 29

Bleomycin

-Induces DNA strand breaks.

Front 30

Toxicity of bleomycin(X2)

Back 30

Pulmonary fibrosis
Skin changes

Front 31

This drug inhibits topoisomerase II

Back 31

Etoposide

Front 32

Which phase of replication/mitosis is inhibited by etoposide

Back 32

G2 phase

Front 33

This is a receptor antagonist for estrogen

Back 33

Tamoxifen

Front 34

Tamoxifen puts patients at risk for this cancer:

Back 34

Endometrial carcinoma

Front 35

Which drug causes hot flashes?

Back 35

Tamoxifen

Front 36

How does raloxifene differ from tamoxifen?

Back 36

Raloxifene does not cause endometrial cancer because it antagonizes the endometrium receptors (unlike tamoxifen)

Front 37

This is a monoclonal antibody against HER-2.

Back 37

Trastuzumab

Front 38

Drug used in CML that is a tyrosine kinas inhibitor (this is a k-n-o-w)

Back 38

Imatinib (Gleevec)

Front 39

Side effect to Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

Back 39

Cardiotoxicity

Front 40

These drugs are M-phase specific alkaloids that bind to tubulin and block polymerization of microtubules. Prevents formation of mitotic spindle

Back 40

Vincristine and vinblastine

Front 41

What is the toxicity associated with vincristine?

Back 41

Neurotoxicity

Front 42

Which of the following causes bone marrow suppression?

Vincristine or Vinblastine

Back 42

Vinblastine

Front 43

Taxols prevent which stage of replication/mitosis?

Back 43

M-phase specific

Front 44

Vincristine or Paclitaxel:

Prevents formation of mitotic spindle:

Back 44

Vincristine

Front 45

Vincristine or Paclitaxel:

Blocks breakdown of mitotic spindle

Back 45

Paclitaxel

Front 46

Toxicity of paclitaxel:

Back 46

Myelosupression

Front 47

What does ABVD stand for?

What cancers is this regimen for?

Back 47

Adriamycin
Bleomycin
Vinblastine
Dacarbazine

Used in HODGKIN'S, myelomas, sarcomas, and solid tumors

Front 48

What is the MOPP regimen used for?

Back 48

Lymphoma
Wilm's
Choriocarcinoma