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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actinic (solar) keratosis
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
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Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stumulates vagal gastric secretions)
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Acute gastric ulcers associated with severe burns
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Curling's ulcers (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
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Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
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Skips lesions (Crohn's disease: autoimmune)
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Aneurysm, dissecting
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Hypertension
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Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
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Atherosclerosis
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Aortic aneurysm, ascending
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Tertiary syphilis
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Atrophy of mammilary bodies
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Wernicke's encephalopathy (thamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
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Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
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Sickle cell anemia (HbS)
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Bacteremia/pneumonia (IV drug user)
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S. aureus
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Bacteria associated with stomach cancer
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H. pylori
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Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
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S. pneumoniae
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Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
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Group B strep (newborns); S. pneumoniae/ N. menigitidis (kids)
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Benign melanocytic nevus
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Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)
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Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
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Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion)
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Brain tumors (adults)
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Supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
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Brain tumors (kids)
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Infratentorial : medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
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Breast cancer
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Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1/9 women will develop breast cancer)
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Breast mass
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1. Fibrocystic change
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Breast tumor (benign)
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Fibroadenoma
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Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient
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Klebsiella
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Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
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Rhabdomyoma
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Cardiac manifestations of lupus
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Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral)
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Cardiac tumor (adults)
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1. Metastasis
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Cardiomyopathy
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Dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial)
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Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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Arnold-Chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus)
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Chronic arrhythmia
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Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
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Chronia atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
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Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
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Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES exposure in utero
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
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Congenital cardiac anomaly
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VSD
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Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
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Constrictive pericarditis in developing world
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Tuberculosis
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Coronary artery involved in thrombus
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LAD > RCA > LCA
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Cretinism
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Iodine deficit/ hypothyroidism
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Cushing's syndrome
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1. Corticosteroid therapy
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Cyanosis (early; less common)
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Tetraology of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
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Cyanosis (late; more common)
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VSD, ASD, PDA
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Death in CML
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Blast crisis
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Death in SLE
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Lupus nephropathy
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Dementia
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1. Alzheimer's disease
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Demyelinating disease
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Multiple sclerosis
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DIC
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Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
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Dietary deficit
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Iron
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Diverticulum in pharynx
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Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
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Ejection click
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Aortic/ pulmonary stenosis
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Esophageal cancer
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Adenocarcinoma (US), Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)
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Food poisoning
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S. aureus
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Gene involved in cancer
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p53 tumor suppressor gene
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Glomerulonephritis (adults)
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Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
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Gynecologic malignancy
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Endometrial carcinoma
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Heart murmur
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
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Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug user), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)
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Helminth infections (US)
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1. Enterobius vermicularis
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Epidural hematoma
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Rupture of middle menigeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
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Subdural hematoma
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Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
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Hemochromatosis
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Multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
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Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hepatitis B and C)
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Hereditary bleeding disorder
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von Willebrand's disease
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Hereditary harmless jaundice
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Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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HLA-B27
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Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis
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HLA-DR3 or -DR4
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Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
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Holosystolic murmur
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VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
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Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
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Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
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Secondary hypertention
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Renal disease
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Hypoparathyroidism
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Thyroidectomy
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Hypopituitarism
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Adenoma
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Infection in blood transfusion
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Hepatitis C
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Kidney stones
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1. Calcium = radiopaque
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Late cyanotic shunt (late L->R becomes R->L)
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Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
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Liver disease
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Alcoholic liver disease
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Lysosomal storage disease
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Gaucher's disease
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Male cancer
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Prostatic carcinoma
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Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
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Hodgkin's lymphoma
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Malignant skin tumor
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Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
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Mental retardation
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1. Down syndrome
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Mets to bone
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Breast, lung thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
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Mets to brain
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Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
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Mets to liver
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Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
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Mitral valve stenosis
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Rheumatic heart disease
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Motor neuron disease
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ALS
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Myocarditis
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Coxsackie B
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Neoplasm (kids)
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1. ALL
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Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
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Membranous glomerulonephritis
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Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
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Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
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Obstruction of male urinary tract
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BPH
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Opening snap
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Mitral stenosis
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Opportunistic infection in AIDS
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Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia
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Organ receiving mets
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Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)
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Organ sending mets
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Lung > breast, stomach
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Osteomyelitis
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S. aureus
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Osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease
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Salmonella
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Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
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Pseudomonas
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Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
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Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
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Ovarian tumor (benign)
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Serous cystadenoma
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Ovarian tumor (malignant)
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Serous cystadenocarcinoma
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Pancreatic tumor
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Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
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Pancreatitis (acute)
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EtOH and gallstones
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Pancreatitis (chronic)
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EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
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Palient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML
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ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult > 60, CML: adult 35-50
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Patient with Hodgkin's disease
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Young male (except nodular sclerosis type: female)
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Pelvic inflammatory disease
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
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Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
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CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
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Pituitary tumor
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1. Prolactinoma
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Pneumonia, hospital acquired
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Klebsiella
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Primary amenorrhea
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Turner's syndrome (XO)
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Primary bone tumor (adults)
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Multiple myeloma
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Primary hyperaldosteronism
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Adenoma of adrenal cortex
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Primary hyperparathyroidism
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1. Adenomas
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Primary liver cancer
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (also known as hepatoma)
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Pulmonary hypertension
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COPD
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Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
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Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
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Renal tumor
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Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)
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Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
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Cor pulmonale
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S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
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￢ﾆﾑ ventricular filling (L ￢ﾆﾒ R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
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S4 (presystolic gallop)
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Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
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Secondary hyperparathyroidism
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Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
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Sexually transmitted disease
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Chlamydia
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SIADH
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Small cell carcinoma of the lung
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Site of diverticula
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Sigmoid colon
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Site of metastasis
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1. Regional lymph nodes
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Sites of atherosclerosis
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Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
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Stomach cancer
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Adenocarcinoma
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Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
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Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
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t(14;18)
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Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
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t(8;14)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
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t(9;22)
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Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)
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Temporal arteritis
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Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery
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Testicular tumor
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Seminoma
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Thyroid cancer
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Papillary carcinoma
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Tumor in women
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Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
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Tumor of infancy
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Hemangioma
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Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
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Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
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Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
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Neuroblastoma (malignant)
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Type of Hodgkin's
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Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
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Type of non-Hodgkin's
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Diffuse large cell
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UTI
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E. oli, Staphylococcus saprophylicus (young women)
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Viral encephalitis
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HSV
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Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
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Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply)
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