Usmle 1 Pharm Cv/resp

Front 1

(2) diuretics used for HTN


what do both lower as an AE?

Back 1

Thiazides

Loops


both lower K+

Front 2

Vasodilator used for severe HTN and CHF

AE?

Back 2

Hydralazine


AE: SLE-like effects

Front 3

Vasodilator used for emergency HTN situations

AE?

Back 3

Nitroprusside


AE: converts to cyanide

Front 4

Anti-HTN, anti-anginal and anti-arrhythmic class that works by reducing heart contractility

(2) AE

Back 4

Calcium channel blockers


AE: Cardiac depression; Edema

Front 5

which of the calcium channel blockers most specific for:

Vascular Smooth Muscle

Back 5

Nifedipine

Front 6

which of the calcium channel blockers most specific for:

Heart muscle

Back 6

Verapamil

Front 7

Drug for angina that also is effective against pulmonary edema

Back 7

Nitroglycerine

Front 8

what are the (5)* determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption?

Back 8

BEECH:

BP,
Ejection time,
EDV,
Contractility,
HR

Hint 8

BEECH

Front 9

Drug used for CHF and A-fib can cause arrthymias

what are the ECG changes?
(3)

Back 9

Digoxin

ECG:
Inc PR
Dec QT
T-wave inversion

Front 10

MOA of digoxin

(2) AE?

Back 10

Inhibit Na/K pump to indirectly inhibit Na/Ca antiport, causing Ca increase inside cell

AE:
Yellow vision; Arrhythmias

Front 11

(4)* class IA antiarrhythmics

Back 11

Queen Amy Proclaims Diso's PYRAMID:

Quinidine,
Amiodarone,
Procainamide,
Disopyramide

Hint 11

Queen Amy Proclaims Diso's PYRAMID

Front 12

MOA of class IA Na-channel blockers

what type of arrhythmias is it good for?

Back 12

Inc action potential duration by Inc QRS (QT interval)

Use: Ventricular Arrhythmia

Front 13

how do the Na-channel blockers affect HR, CO, BP and SV?

Back 13

Dec HR -> Dec CO -> Dec BP -> Inc SV
(more time to fill)

Front 14

AE for Quinidine

Back 14

Cinchonism:

HA, Tinnitus, thrombocytopenia, Torsades de Pointes

Front 15

why are Procainamide and Disopyamide successful at slowing the QT interval?

Back 15

both are Amides, which are metabolized in the liver giving NH4 that can be converted to GLU -> GABA

Front 16

AE for Procainamide

Back 16

SLE-like effects

Front 17

DOC for V-Tach

Back 17

Lidocaine

(b/c it affects ischemic tissues and works quickly; IV only)

Front 18

what is the class and drug that is the last resort (V-fib) as a
Na-channel blocker?

when is it contra-indicated?

Back 18

Class IC: Flecainide


CI:
post-MI (leads to heart stopping)

Front 19

Na-channel blocker class/drug that decreases Action Potential time

Back 19

Class IB: Lidocaine

Front 20

(3) drugs that can block both Na and Ca channels

what Dx are they good for?

Back 20

Procainamide,

Phenytoin,

Quinidine

use: Wolf Parkinson White

Front 21

Class II antiarrhythmics class and MOA

Back 21

Beta-blockers

MOA:
Dec cAMP and Ca currents ->
Dec slope of phase 4 and Inc PR interval

Front 22

(3) AE of Beta-blockers

Back 22

blocking betas make me SICk:

Sedation,

Impotence,

CV effects (bradycardia, CHF)

Hint 22

blocking betas make me SICk

Front 23

B-blocker:

Longest acting

Back 23

Propranolol

Front 24

B-blocker:

Shortest acting

Back 24

Esmolol

Front 25

B-blocker:

also blocks Alpha-receptors
(for Pheos and HTN crisis)
(2)

Back 25

Labetalol


Carvedilol

Front 26

B-blocker:

for Miosis

Back 26

Timolol

Front 27

B-blocker:

also blocks K+ channels

Back 27

Sotalol

Front 28

B-blocker:

good for patient w/ DM, asthmatics, MI and elderly

Back 28

Atenolol

Front 29

(3)* drugs in Class III anti-arrhythmics

Back 29

BiAS to K-channel blockers:

Bretylium,

Amiodarone,

Sotalol

Hint 29

BiAS to K-channel blockers

Front 30

MOA of K-channel blockers

Back 30

Inc AP by Inc QT interval

Front 31

AE of Amiodarone
(4)

Back 31

Amy aught to run PFTs, LFTs and TFTs or you'll be BLUE:

Pulmonary fibrosis,
Hepatotoxicity,
Hyper/Hypothyroidism (contains iodine),
turns skin Blue

Hint 31

Amy aught to run PFTs, LFTs and TFTs or you'll be BLUE

Front 32

Class of choice for Atrial arrhythmias

MOA

Back 32

Ca-Channel blockers;

For AV nodal cells, Inc ST segment and Inc PR interval

Front 33

DOC for Digitalis-induced arrthymias

Back 33

Phenytoin

Front 34

drug that inhibits VLDL production, Dec TG and Dec HDL breakdown

AE?

Back 34

Niacin


AE: Flushing

Front 35

class that increases the production of lipoprotein lipase to
Inc breakdown of TG

(2) AE?

Back 35

Fibrates

"-FIBR-" (Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate)

AE: GI upset, gall stones

Front 36

contraindication of Bile Acid Sequestrants?

Back 36

High TG levels...BAS Increases TG

Front 37

DOC in AV nodal arrhythmias

Back 37

Adenosine

Front 38

Antiarrhythmic that depresses ectopic pacemakers
(esp digoxin toxicity)

Back 38

Potassium

Front 39

(3) First generation H1 blockers

Back 39

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl),

Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-trimeton),

Promethazine (Phenergan)

Hint 39

First gen H1 for:
resp: "-amine"
GI: "-azine"

Front 40

Clinical uses (3) and AE (3) of First generation H1 blockers

Back 40

Uses:

Motion sickness
Allergy (hives, itching, nasal),
Sleep aid

AE:
Sedation,
Antimuscarinic,
Anti-alpha-adrenergic

Front 41

(3) Second generation H1 blockers

Use?

Back 41

Loratadine (Claritin),

Fexofenadine (Allegra),

Centirazine (Zyrtec)

Use: Non-drowsy Allergic rhinitis, Hay fever

Hint 41

second gen H2 for allergy:
"-adine" or "-azine"

Front 42

Name and MOA of a Nasal Decongestant

Back 42

Pseudoepherine (Sudafed)

Alpha-agonist leading to vasoconstriction

Front 43

(2) Cough suppressants

Back 43

Codeine,

Dextromethophan (DM)

Front 44

Name and MOA of expectorant

Back 44

Guaifenesin
(Robitussin)


Inc. respiratory secretions and viscosity

Front 45

Long acting B2-agonist for Asthma Prophylaxis

Back 45

Salmeterol

Front 46

Methylxanthine used for Severe asthma

MOA?

(2) AE?

Back 46

Theophylline

Bronchodilator by Inh Phosphodiesterase and Dec cAMP hydrolysis

AE:
Cardiotoxicity;
Neurotoxicity

Front 47

Drug and MOA of Mast Cell Stabilizers

Use?

Back 47

Cromolyn

causes Mast cells not to release histamine

use: Only for Prophylaxis

Front 48

what is the most potent anti-inflammatory agent that is effective for mild, moderate and severe asthma
(first line for chronic asthma)?

MOA?

Back 48

Glucocorticosteroids


Inh NF-kB transcription factor that induces TNF-alpha, inhibiting formation of PGE and LTE

Front 49

(2) Adverse effects of Glucocorticoids?

Back 49

Oral candidiasis,

bone demineralization

Front 50

Leukotriene effect modulator that inhibits lipoxygenase and leukotriene formation

AE?

Back 50

Zileuton


AE: Hepatotoxicity

Front 51

(2) Leukotriene effect Modulator that binds the leukotriene receptors

Use?

Back 51

Zafirlukast,

Montelukast


Use: Prophylaxis; mild/moderate asthma

Front 52

Muscarinic antagonist that prevents bronchoconstriction

Back 52

Ipratropium

Front 53

non-specific Beta-agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

AE?

Back 53

Isoproterenol


AE: tachycardia

Front 54

What asthma agents deal with an early response (bronchoconstriction)?
(4)

Back 54

My BLT:

Muscarinic antagonist,

Beta-agonist,

Leukotriene antagonist,

Theophylline

Hint 54

My BLT

Front 55

what asthma agents deal w/ mast cells releasing mediators?
(2)

Back 55

Cromolyn,

Steroids

Front 56

Ganglionic blocker (rarely used) for the rapid reduction of HTN

Back 56

Trimethaphan

Front 57

only drug that reduces morbidity and mortality in heart failure

Back 57

Spironoloactone

Front 58

drug given IV for severe acute heart failure

Back 58

Dobutamine

Front 59

what anti-HTN drug may ilicit a positive Coombs test and hemolytic anemia?

Back 59

Methyldopa

Front 60

DOC for variant angina

Back 60

Nifedipine

Front 61

what drug interaction w/ Digoxin increases its toxicity?

Back 61

Thiazides

(Dec K+ -> Inc Dig toxicity)

Front 62

Anti-anginal Tx that has AE of severe constipation

Back 62

Verapamil

Front 63

(2) AE of Adenosine

Back 63

Burning sensation in chest,

SOB

Front 64

(2) AE of Dobutamine

Back 64

Inc HR and BP

Front 65

HTN medication that has AE of "Loss of taste"

Back 65

ACEi

Front 66

patient treated w/ anti-arrhythmic that causes recurrent attacks of feeling faint and experiencing episodes of loss of consciousness. what drug?

Back 66

Quinidine

Front 67

Cardiac AP drug:

affects Phase 4
(3)

Back 67

Digoxin,

Verapamil
(Ca-channel blockers),

Lidocaine

Front 68

Cardiac AP drug:

affects Phase 0 to slow conduction and prolong repolarization

Back 68

IA drugs

(All class I slow conduction, but only IA prolongs repolarization)

Front 69

Cardiac AP drug:

affects Phase 0 but causes no change in repolarization

Back 69

Class IC - Flecainide

Front 70

Cardiac AP drug:

blocks Na, Ca and K channels

Back 70

Amiodarone

Front 71

Drug that lowers HTN by inhibiting Peptidyl Dipeptidase

Back 71

ACEi

(at biochemical level)

Front 72

drug class for CHF that decreases Preload and BV

Back 72

ACEi

Front 73

only Drug class that increases the survival rate in CHF

Back 73

ACEi