Usmle 1 Neoplasia

Front 1

Definition:

when the resemblance to the tissue of origin is close

Back 1

Well-differentiated

Front 2

(4) signs of Malignant Cancer

Back 2

Hyperchromatism;

Anaplasia (poor differentiation);

Inc Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio;

prominent Nucleoli

Front 3

the (3) types of CA from Epithelial origin

Back 3

Epithelial = "Carcinoma"

Squamous Cell CA;

Adenocarcinoma;

Transitional Cell CA

Front 4

Definition:

reversible pre-neoplastic growth with loss of cellular orientation, shape and size in comparison to normal tissue

Back 4

Dysplasia

Front 5

Definition:

a clonal proliferation of cells that is uncontrolled and excessive

Back 5

Neoplasia

Front 6

Order of the "-plasias" in severity
(5)

Back 6

normal cells -> Hyperplasia ->
Metaplasia or Dysplasia ->
Anaplasia -> Neoplasia (Carcinoma in situ) ->
Metastasis

Front 7

what cancer type is often associated w/ Desmoplasia (proliferation of fibrous tissue)?

name (3) main sites

Back 7

Adenocarcinoma

sites:
Breast;
Pancreas;
Prostate

Front 8

Definition:

Neoplasm derived from all (3) germ layers

where is it usually seen?

Back 8

Teratoma


MC in ovaries and testis

Front 9

Definition:

benign neoplasm often arising from surface or transitional epithelium

what does it look like?

Back 9

Papilloma


(finger-like projections)

Front 10

Difference b/t Choristoma and Hamartoma

Back 10

Chroistoma:
normal tissus misplaced w/i another organ

Hamartoma:
benign, tumor-like overgrowth of cells regularly found w/i the infected organ

Front 11

Definition:

denotes origin from a single precursor cell

what is opposite?

Back 11

Monoclonal
(neoplastic)

opposite:
Polyclonal
(non-neoplastic)

Front 12

what type of metastatic tumors are via Lymphatic spread?
spread in blood?

Back 12

Carcinoma = Lymphatic


Sarcoma = Blood

Front 13

Pituitary tumor Dx:

amenorrhea, infertility

Back 13

Prolactinoma

(sometimes galactorrhea)

Front 14

Pituitary tumor Dx:

gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults

Back 14

Somatotropic (Acidophilic) adenoma

Front 15

Pituitary tumor Dx:

causes Cushings disease
(secondary adrenal hypercorticism)

Back 15

Corticotropic (Basophilic) adenoma

Front 16

Paraneoplastic effect:

Inc ACTH -> Cushing's syndrome

Back 16

Small cell CA of lung

Front 17

Paraneoplastic effect:

Inc ADH -> SIADH
(2)

Back 17

Small cell CA of lung;

intracranial neoplasms

Front 18

Paraneoplastic effect:

PTH-related peptide -> Hypercalcemia
(5)*

Back 18

Some Really Breaks My Bones:

Squamous cell CA of lung;

Renal cell CA;

Breast CA;

Multiple Myeloma;

Bone metastasis

Hint 18

Some Really Breaks My Bones

Front 19

Paraneoplastic effect:

TSH -> Hyperthyroidism
(2)

Back 19

Hydatiform moles;

Choriocarcinoma

Front 20

Paraneoplastic effect:

EPO -> Polycythemia
(2)

Back 20

Renal cell CA;

Hemangioblastoma

Front 21

Paraneoplastic effect:

Hyperuricemia -> Gout
(2)

Back 21

Leukemias


Lymphomas

Front 22

Order of primary tumors that metastasize to:
Brain
(5)*

Back 22

Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia:

Lung;
Breast;
Skin (melanoma)
Kidney;
GI

Hint 22

Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia

Front 23

Order of primary tumors that metastasize to:
Liver
(5)*

Back 23

Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver:

Colon;
Stomach;
Pancreas;
Breast;
Lung

(from bottom -> up)

Hint 23

Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver

Front 24

Order of primary tumors that metastasize to:
Bone
(5)*

Back 24

Bone Problems Likely to Kill:

Breast;
Prostate;
Lung;
Thyroid / Testis;
Kidney

Hint 24

Bone Problems Likely to Kill

Front 25

Tumor marker seen in 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers

Back 25

CEA

Front 26

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Vinyl Chloride

Back 26

Angiosarcoma of Liver

Front 27

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Cigarette smoke
(2)

Back 27

CA of Lung

CA of Larynx

Front 28

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Alkylating agents

Back 28

Acute Leukemia

Front 29

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Asbestos
(3)

Back 29

Mesothelioma;

Lung bronchogenic CA;

GI cancers

Front 30

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Smoked fish w/ Nitrosamines
(2)

Back 30

Adenocarcinoma of stomach;

Esophageal CA

Front 31

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Alcohol
(2)

Back 31

Mouth CA;

Esophageal CA

Front 32

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Arsenic

Back 32

Squamous cell CA

Front 33

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

High-fat diet

Back 33

Breast CA

Front 34

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Naphthalene (Aniline) dyes, aromatic amines

Back 34

Transitional CA of bladder

Front 35

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Benzene

Back 35

Acute Leukemia

Front 36

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Back 36

Clear cell CA of vagina

Front 37

Malignancy w/ Chemical Carcinogen:

Nickel, Chromium, Uranium

Back 37

Lung CA

Front 38

Dx:

atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, anemia, low iron

what CA does it lead to?

Back 38

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

CA:
Squamous cell CA of Esophagus

Front 39

Dx:

facial angiofibromas, seizures, mental retardation

what CA does it lead to?
(2)

Back 39

Tuberous Sclerosis

CA:
Astrocytoma;
Cardiac Rhabdomyoma

Front 40

what is a common skin presentation seen in malignancies of the stomach, lung, breast and uterus?

Back 40

Acanthosis Nigracans

Front 41

Oncogene assoc tumor:

abl

Back 41

CML

Front 42

Oncogene assoc tumor:

c-myc

Back 42

Burkitt's lymphoma

Front 43

Oncogene assoc tumor:

bcl-2

Back 43

Follicular lymphoma

Front 44

Oncogene assoc tumor:

erb-B2
(3)*

Back 44

BOG:

Breast;

Ovarian;

Gastric CA

Hint 44

BOG

Front 45

Oncogene assoc tumor:

ras

Back 45

Colon CA

Front 46

Oncogene assoc tumor:

L-myc

Back 46

Lung CA

[L = Lung]

Front 47

Oncogene assoc tumor:

N-myc

Back 47

Neuroblastoma

[N = Neuro]

Front 48

Oncogene assoc tumor:

ret
(2)

Back 48

MEN types 2 & 3

Front 49

Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:

Rb
(2)

Chromosome?

Back 49

Retinoblastoma;

Osteosarcoma

chrom: 13q

Front 50

Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:

BRCA1 and 2
(2)

Chromosome?

Back 50

Breast CA

Ovarian CA

chrom: 17q, 13q

Front 51

Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:

p53

Chromosome?

Back 51

Most cancers
(Li-Fraumeni syndrome)

chrom: 17p

Front 52

Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:

p16

Chromosome?

Back 52

Melanoma


chrom: 9p

Front 53

Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:

APC

Chromosome?

Back 53

Colorectal CA


chrom: 5q
(5 letters in "polyp")

Front 54

Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:

WT1

Chromosome?

Back 54

Wilms Tumor


chrom: 11q

Front 55

Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:

NF1

Chromosome?

Back 55

Neurofibromatosis type 1
(Von Recklinghausen)

chrom: 17q
(17 letters in Von Recklinghausen)

Front 56

Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:

NF2

Chromosome?

Back 56

Neurofibromatosis type 2


chrom: 22q
(type 2 = 22)

Front 57

Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:

DPC

Chromosome?

Back 57

Pancreatic CA = PC


chrom: 18q

Front 58

Tumor assoc w/ Supressor gene:

DCC

Chromosome?

Back 58

Colon CA = CC


chrom: 18q

Front 59

Tumor marker:

alpha-fetoprotein
(2)

Back 59

Hepatocellular CA;

Germ cell tumor of testis
(yolk sac tumors)

Front 60

Tumor marker:

beta-hCG
(3)

Back 60

HCG:

Hydatidiform moles;

Choriocarcinoma;

Gestational Trophoblastic tumor

Front 61

Tumor marker:

CA-125
(2)

Back 61

Ovarian CA;

malignant Epithelial tumors

Front 62

Tumor marker:

S-100
(3)*

Back 62

MAN:

Melanoma;

Astrocytoma;

Neural tumors

Hint 62

MAN

Front 63

Tumor marker:

Alkaline phosphatase
(3)*

Back 63

MOP:

Metastasis to Bone;

Obstructive Biliary Dz;

Paget's Dz of bone

Hint 63

MOP

Front 64

Tumor marker:

Bombesin
(3)

Back 64

Neuroblastoma;

Lung CA;

Gastric CA

Front 65

(4)* tumors w/ Psammoma Bodies

Back 65

PSaMMoma:

Papillary Thyroid

Serous Papillary Cystadenocarcinoma of Ovary;

Meningioma;

Mesothelioma

Hint 65

PSaMMoma

Front 66

Virus assoc tumors:

HTLV-1

Back 66

Adult T-cell Leukemia

Front 67

Virus assoc tumors:

HBV, HVC

Back 67

Hepatocellular CA

Front 68

Virus assoc tumors:

EBV
(2)

Back 68

Burkitt's lymphoma;

Nasopharyngeal CA

Front 69

Virus assoc tumors:

HPV
(3)

Back 69

CAP it:

Cervical CA (16, 18);

Anal CA;

Penile CA

Front 70

Virus assoc tumors:

HHV-8

Back 70

Karposi's sarcoma

Front 71

where is person most likely to have cancer?

Back 71

Skin

(skin has highest incidence, but unable to quantify)

Front 72

top (3) MCC of CA in male and female

Back 72

Male:
Prostate
Lung
Colorectal

Female:
Breast
Lung
Colorectal

Front 73

top (2) MCC of death from CA
in male and female

Back 73

Male:
Lung
Prostate

Female:
Lung
Breast