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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common causes of neonatal meningitis.
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Group B strep (S. agalactiae)
E. Coli Listeria |
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Most common causes of neonatal pneumonia.
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Group B strep (S. agalactiae)
E. Coli |
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What is this organism?
- pneumonia: mostly right upper lobe - bloody currant jelly sputum - alcoholics, COPD, diabetics - mucoid-appearing colonies: antiphagocytic capsule - lactose fermenting |
Klebsiella pneumoniae
- pneumonia - nosocomial UTI |
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Most common cause of meningitis 6-60 yrs of age.
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Nisseria meningitidis
enterovirus strep pneumonia |
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Most common case of meningitis >60 yrs of age.
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Strep pneumonia
Gram - rods Listeria |
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Most common causes of pneumonia in adults (40-65yrs).
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strep pneumonia
H. influenza legionella |
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Most common causes of pneumonia in elderly (>65yrs).
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strep pneumonia
Gram - rods H. influenza |
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What organism can cause all of the following?
- urethritis - dysuriain men, cervicitis in women - opthalmia neonatorum - septic arthritis |
Neisseria gonorrhoea
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Most common cause of septic arthritis in sexually active people.
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Neisseria gonorrhoea
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Organisms that have IgA proteases.
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Streptococcus pneumonia
Neisseria H. influenza |
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List toxins produced by E. Coli and their mechanism of disease production.
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1) LT (heat labile, AB5 toxin):
- ADP ribosylates Gs -> activate adenylate cyclase -> increase cAMP -> crypt cells secrete more Cl, villous cells absorb less Na -> watery diarrhea - ETEC, EPEC 2) ST (heat stable) - activate guanylate cyclase -> increase cGMP -> decrease NaCl transport into cells -> watery diarrhea -- ETEC, EPEC 3) SLT (shiga-like) - inactivate 60s ribosome unit -> block protein synthesis -> cell death -- EHEC, EIEC |
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What is this bacteria?
- gram - rod - polysaccharide capsule allows survival in phagocytes of peyers patches -> spread to gallbladder, liver, spleen - rose spots on abdomen, fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain - carrier state: bacteria stored in gallbladder - produces H2S |
Salmonella typhi
- asymptomatic carriers - typhoid fever - osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients (functionally asplenic): trouble clearing capsulated salmonella - patients with impaired gastric acid secretion are more susceptible |
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What is this bacteria?
- gram - rod - cause fever, diarrhea - H2S producing - common source: turtles, uncooked chicken - capsule |
Salmonella enteritidis
- treatment reserved for patients with risk of invasive disease ot neonate because antibiotic treatment may prolong carrier state |
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What is this bacteria?
- gram - rod - cause bloody diarrhea, mucosal ulcers - small inoculum (100) may cause disease - release shiga toxin0 |
Shigella dysenteriae
- fluoroquinolones in severe cases |
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What is this bacteria?
- gram - rods - cause recurrent UTI, radioluscent struvite renal stones, nosocomial infections - swaming growth - urease + - alkaline urine |
Proteus mirabilis
- treat with TMP-SMX, ampicillin |
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What is this bacteria?
- gram - rod, comma like - cause rice water diarrhea, dehydration - carried in water, food, shell fish - produce AB5 toxin - blood type O is more vulnerable |
vibrio cholerae
- oral/IV rehydration therapy: glucose + Na - tetracyclin - cholera toxin (AB5): similar to E.coli LT. |
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What is this bacteria?
- gram - rod - produce an exotoxin similar to diptheria - blue/green colonies, fruity smell - cause pneumonia (CF patients), UTI, burn wound infection, endocarditis (IVDU), osteomyelitis, otitis externa (diabetics), folliculitis (hot tub infection) |
pseudomonas aeruginosa
- penicillin + aminoglycoside - quinolones - in CF setting, bacteria produce antiphagocytic capsule instead of invasive toxins. - phospholipase C, elastase: provides nutrient sources |
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What is this bacteria?
- gram - rod - transmitted in raw milk - cause bloody diarrhea (age <5), bloody diarrhea with appendicitis like pain (age >5), bloody diarrhea with arthritis (adults), mesenteric adenitis, ulcers in colon - arthritis is the most common complication associated with HLAB27 |
Yersinia enterocolitica
- release heart stable toxin - replicates in lymph nodes |
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Name some organisms tihat produce AB toxins.
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- diptheria and pseudomonas: inactivate EF2
- vibrio cholera: ADP ribosylation of G protein -> stimulate adenylate cyclase -> Cl- secretion - pertussis: inhibit Gi -> increase cAMP - E. coli (heat labile toxin): stimulate adenylate cyclase - E. coli (heat stable toxin): stimulate guanylate cyclase |
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Two organisms that produce superantigens.
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S. aureus
S. pyogenes |
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What is this organism?
- alpha toxin |
C. perforingens
- gas gangrenes - double zone of hemolysis on blood agar |
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What is this organism?
- locked jaw - disinhibition of GABA and glycine neurotransmitters |
c. tetani
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Bacterial toxins that is acquired from lysogenic phage.
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- shiga toxin
- botulinum toxin - cholera toxin - diptheria toxin - erythrogenic toxin of s pyogenes |
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Virus that have segmented RNA genome.
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- rotavirus
- influenza virus - bunyavirus |
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Which ToRCHes is this?
- hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - saddle nose, saber shin - Hutchinson teeth - deafness |
syphilis
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Which ToRCHes is this?
- chorioretinitis - intracranial calcifications - hydrocephalus |
toxoplasma gondii
- may be asymptomatic at birth |
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Which ToRCHes is this?
- petechial rash - intracranial calcifications - mental retardation - hepatosplenomegaly - jaundice - microcephaly |
CMV
- usually asymptomatic at birth |
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Which ToRCHes is this?
- deafness - cataracts - heart defects (PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis) - mental retardation |
rubella
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Which ToRCHes is this?
- encephalitis - conjunctivitis - vesicular lesions |
HSV2
- often asymptonatic at birth |
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Name the ToRCHeS.
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- toxoplasma gondii
- rubella - CMV - HIV, HSV2 - Syphilis |
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Conditions associated with EBV.
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- infectious mononucleosis: heterophil positive (aggluntinate sheep or horse RBC)
- x-linked immunoproliferative syndrome - Burkitt's lymphoma - B cell lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - hairy leukoplakia (in AIDs) |
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Conditions associated with CMV.
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- ToRCHeS: purpura, microcephaly, deafness, jaundice
- heterophil negative mononucleosis (does not agglutinate sheep or horse RBC) |
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Name some causes of mononucleosis.
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heterophil positive
- EBV heterophil negative - CMV - toxoplasma gondii |
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Cysteine is required for growth of which 4 organisms?
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- legionella
- pasteurella (cat scratch) - brucella (unpasteurized milk) - francisella (tularemia) |
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Which bacteria require cholesterol in their cell membrane?
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mycoplasma
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Name this drug:
- tyrosine kinase inhibitor - used for renal cell carcinoma |
Sorafenib
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Viral class of HepA, B, C, D, E
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hepA: picornavirus
hepB: hepadnavirus hepC: flavivirus hepD: deltavirus hepE: calcivirus |
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Which test can differentiate group A strep from group B strep?
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CAMP test
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Which test can differentiate diptheria from diptheroid?
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ELEK test
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Which bacterial has a capsule made up of polypeptide instead of polysaccharide?
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bacillus anthrax
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Which type of RNA virus require its own polymerase?
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negative sense RNA: need RNA depedent RNA polymerase
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What is this organism?
- virus replicate in oropharynx and lymphoid tissue in small intestine - spread to CNS and replicate in anterior horn of the spinal cord - paralysis of muscles and respiration |
poliovirus
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How does eosinophil chemotactic factor indirectly down regulate immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
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eosinophils contain histaminase and arylsulfatase which degrade preformed histamine and leukotrienes.
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What is chromoblastomycosis?
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verrucous dermatitis
- caused by pigmented fungi (fonsecaea, phialophora, cladosporium) - introduced to skin by splinter - granulomatous reaction in subcutaneous tissue |
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What is a common cause of onychomycosis?
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fungal infection of the nail
- often caused by candida |
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What is the most frequent cause of mycetomas in the US?
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pseudallescheria boydii (maduromycosis)
- draining sinuses - chronic destruction of skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, miuscle, bone |
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Which organism would most likely be associated with HLA B27 positive reactive arthritis?
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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What is the most common cause of viral encephalitis in the US?
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HSV-1: localized to the temporal lobe
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What is this organism?
- during 2nd week of infection: bradycardia, absolute neutropenia, hepatosplenomegaly |
salmonella typhi
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Why are some black individuals protected from developing malaria due to plasmodium vivax?
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absence of Duff antigen on the surface of the red cell
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What is this organism?
- donnovan bodies - cause granuloma inguinale |
Klebsiella granulomatis
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Infections that occur at this CD4 level of HIV patients:
< 50 |
- CMV
- MAC - cryptococcus meningoencephalitis |
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Infections that occur at this CD4 level of HIV patients:
< 100 |
- candida (esophagus)
- toxoplasmosis - histoplasmosis |
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Infections that occur at this CD4 level of HIV patients:
< 200 |
- HSV reactivation
- cryptosporidiosis - isospora - coccidioidomycosis - pneumocystis pneumonia |
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Infections that occur at this CD4 level of HIV patients:
< 400 |
- candida (oral)
- tinea - VZV - reactive TB - others: H. influenza, S. pneumo, salmonella |
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What is common among the following?
- retinoblastoma - osteosarcoma - CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) |
Rb gene involvement
- HPV: E7 inactivate Rb gene - Rb gene inactivation associated with retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma |
