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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bugs that do not Gram Stain
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Treponema, Rickettsia, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia
(These Rascals Might Microscopically Lack Color) |
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1. Bacterias makes IgA protease
2. Transformation of genetics 3. Encapsulated bacteria |
S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Neisseria
(SHiN) |
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Endotoxins produced by?
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Gram -s and Listeria
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How to differentiate between Coagulase - Staphylococcus?
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Novobiocin
S. saphrophyticus: resistant S. epidermidis: sensitive (on the STAPH retreat, there was NO StRES) |
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How to differentiate between alpha-hemolytic strep?
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Optochin
Viridans streptococci: resistant S. pneumoniae: sensitive (OVRPS- "overpass") |
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How to differentiate between beta-hemolytic strep?
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Bactracin
Group B: resistant (S. agalactiae) Group A: sensitive (S. pyogenes) (B-BRAS) |
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- Virulence Factor is Protein A
- Inflamm Disease: skin infections, organ abscesses, pneumonia - Toxin Disease: TSS, scalded skin syndrome, rapid-onset food poisoning - Causes acute bacterial endocarditis, osteomyelitis |
S. aureus
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- Most common cause of: Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia, Sinusitis (MOPS)
-"rusty" sputum -sepsis in SCA and splenectomy |
S. pneumoniae
(s. pnuemoniae MOPS are Most OPtochin Sensitive) |
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Streptococcus that causes subacute bacterial endocarditis?
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S. sanguis (sanguis=blood)
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This bacteria causes:
- pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo (pyrogen) - scarlet fever, TSS (toxin) -RF, acute glom. nephritis (immuno) |
S. pyrogenes (has M protein)
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Clinical presentation of RF?
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Sq plaques, Polyarthritis, Erythema marginatum, Chorea, Carditis
(No "rheum" for SPECCulation) |
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- In gut
- Can cause bacteremia and subacute endocarditis in colon CA pts. |
Streptococcus bovis (group D)
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- Sx: pseudomembranous pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy
- Gram + rods - ADP ribosylates EF-2 to - protein synthesis |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
(ABCDEFG: Adp ribosylation, Beta-phage, Coryn., Diptheriae, Ef-2 Granules) |
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-Gram +, spore-forming rod
-1. causes tetnus -2. - Ach release--> botulism, floppy baby syndrome b/c spores in honey -3. Causes gas gangrene and hemolysis -4. Causes pseudomembranous colitis 2nd to antibiotics (clindamycin and ampicillin) |
Clostridia
1. C. tetani (TETanus is TETanic paralysis) 2. C. botulinum (BOTulinum is from bad BOTtles of food and honey- causes flaccid paralysis) 3. PERFringens PERForates a gangrenous leg) 4. DIfficle causes DIarrhea |
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-Gram + spore forming rod
1. Skin: painless black ulcer 2. Lung: flu--> pulm hemorrhage, mediastinitis, and shock (Woolsorter's disease) |
Bacillus anthracis
(edema factor) |
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-Gram + bacteria with endotoxin
-Moves from cell to cell -Causes: septicemia, neonatal meningitis, mild gastritis, etc |
Listeria monocytogenes
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-Two Gram + rods with branching filaments:
1. In oral cavity; abscess can drain to face 2. Causes pulm infections in immuncomp pts -How to treat |
-1. Actinomyces israelli
2. Nocardia asteroides -Sulfa for Nocardia; Actinomyces use Pcn (SNAP) |
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Sx are: fever, night sweats, weight loss, and hemoptysis
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TB (Mycobacteria tuberculosis)
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-Acid-fast bacteria
-CP: loss of eyebrows, nasal collapse, lumpy earlobe |
M. leprae
(Two form lepromatous (lethal) and tuberculoid) |
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Lactose fermenting bacteria?
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Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia
(Lactose is the KEE, see on maConKee agar) |
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Gram negative cocci?
What so they ferment? |
Neisseria
N. meningitidis: glucose and maltose N. gonorrhoeae: glucose (MeninGococci ferment Maltose and Glucose. Gonococci ferment Glucose) |
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-Causes Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis media, and Pneumonia
-Gram - coccobacillary rod -Chocolate agar |
haEMOPhilus influenzae
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-Legionnaires' disease= pneumonia and fever
-Pontiac fever= mild flu -Gram - rod -Silver stain -Charcoal yeast agar (Fe & cysteine) |
Legionella pneumophila
"French legionnaire (solider) with sliver helmet, sitting around campfire (charcoal) with his iron dagger-he is no sissy (cysteine)" |
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-Gram - rod
-Non-lactose fermenting, oxidase + -Assoc w: Pneumonia, Sepsis, External otitis, UTI, Drug use, Diabetic Osteomyelitis |
PSEUDOmonas aeruginose
(AERuginos=AERobic) |
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-Gram - rods
-Ferment glucose, oxidase - -Capsular -O ag |
Enterobacteriaceae
(COFFEe: Capsular, O ag, Flagellar Ag, Ferment glu, Enterobacteriaceae) |
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-Gram - rod
-Cause: cystitis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, neonatal meningitis, septic shock |
E. coli
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Klebsiella 4 A's?
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Aspiration pneumonia
Abscess in lungs Alcoholics di-A-betics |
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-Gram - rod, non-lactose fermenting bacteria
- Both invade and cause bloody diarrhea |
Salmonella (motile and disseminate) & Shigella
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Sxs: Fever, diarrhea, HA, rose spots on abdomen
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Typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi)
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Common in day care centers.
Mimics Crohn's or appendicitis |
Yersinia enterocolitica
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Spirochetes
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Borrelia, Leptospira, Treponema
(BLT) |
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-CP: Bell's palsy, Arthritis, Kardiac block, Erythema migrans
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Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
-in Ixodes ticks |
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1. Bug of syphilis
2. Causes yawns: infection of skin bones, and joints--> healing with keloids--> sever limb deformities (in tropics) |
1. Treponema pallidum
2. Treponema pertenue |
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Stages:
1. Painless chancre 2. Maculopapular rash (palms and soles), condylomata 3. Broad-based ataxia, + Romberg, Chacot joints, stroke w/o HTN |
Syphilis
(Tx: PCN G) |
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Baby w: Saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, Hutchinson's teeth, mulberry molars
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Congenital syphilis
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VDRL false + with?
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Viruses
Drugs Rheumatic Fever Lupus abd Leprosy |
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Bug of Cat Scratch Fever?
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Bartonella ssp.
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-Rod
-CP: gray vaginal discharge with fishy smell; nonpainful |
Gardnerella vaginalis
(I don't have a CLUE why I smell FISH in the VAGINA garden.) |
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Classical triad: HA, fever, rash (vasculitis)
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Rickettsiae
(Tx: tetracycline) |
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Rickettsial rashes?
1. R. rickettsii 2. R. typhi |
1. rickettsii starts on hands and feet
2. typhus starts central and spreads outward (Rickettsia on the wRist, Typhus on the Trunk) |
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Bug of Q fever?
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Coxiella burnetii
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Bugs that present with rash of palm and sole?
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Coxsaxkievirus A
Rocky mountain spotted fever Syphilis (you drive CARS with you palms and soles) |
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- Obligate intracellular bug
- Elementary body (Enfectious and Enters cell) -Reticulate body (Replicates by fission) |
Chlamydiae
(tx: erythromycin or tetracycline) |
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Causes: reactive arthritis, conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis, PID
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Chlamydia trachomatis
(Can't see can't pee can't climb a tree.) |
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Chlamydial causes of atypical pneumonia?
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C. pneumoniae
C. psittaci |
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-Causes walking pneumonia (slow onset, HA, nonprod. cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrates)
-No cell wall -Membrane has cholesterol |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
(Tx: tetracycline or erthromycin) |