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188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Signs of Native American history |
LScrolls, brag robes, condolence canes, animal hides
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wampum belt
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Recorded agreements and treaties
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Proof native Americans had a sense of ownership
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Natural boundaries |
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Native Americans language families
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21 lang families, over 100 in CA alon
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3 sisters
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Corn, squash, beans
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Hohokam
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Built by Anasazi
Major trading center |
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Warring tribes
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Navajo and Apache
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Christopher Colombus
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Sailed 1492
Arrived in Bahamas October 2, 1492 |
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King Ferdinand and Isabelle's promise
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10% of all profit, governorship over new land, title admiral of the sea
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Christopher Colombus
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Sailed 1492
Arrived in Bahamas October 2, 1492 |
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Marco polo
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Traveled to china
Book - travels of Marco Polo 17 years old - lived in China for 24 years |
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Vasco de Gama
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Sailed 1498 |
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Circumnavigation
Discovered the spice islands Discovered Strait of Magellan Named Pacific Ocean Tierra de Fuego Landed in Philippines and died fighting for Cebu chief |
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Juan Sebastian del Cano
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Actual first person to sail around the world (circumnavigate)
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Bartholemeu Dias
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Sailed to Africa 1488
Names Cape of Good Hope |
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Hernando Cortes
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Sailed to South America
Kills Montezuma, First Great conquistador, Quetzalcoatl |
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Francisco Pizzaro
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Went to SA, Peru
Discovered the Incas Leader - Atahualpa |
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Francisco Coronado
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7 mythical cities of gold in New Mexico
Cibola and Quivira Discovered Grand Canyon and buffalo |
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Hernando de Soto
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Took over 600 men to the new world
Florida/Arkansas |
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Amerigo Vespucci
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Map maker
Who America is named after |
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Charter colony
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Run by a trading company
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Properietary colony
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Run by an English governor
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Charter colony
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Run by a trading company
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Royal colony
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Established by the king
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Indentured servants
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Couldn't afford fair to new world, worked for free in new world to repay
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Matthew Thornton
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Former Indentured servant; signed Declaration of Independence
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The lost colony
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1857 - Roanoke colony
John White had to leave to get supplies, stuck in England because of ENG/SPA war for 3 yrs, gets back and everyone disappeared |
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John white
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Governor of Roanoke colony
Kid names Oceanius |
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Divine right
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Concept that said kings were appointed by god
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Mayflower compact
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1620
First framework for self government Plymouth colony |
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Divine right
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Concept that said kings were appointed by god
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Mayflower compact
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1620
First framework for self government Plymouth colony |
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House of burgesses
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First governing body in America
In Virginia |
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Jamestown
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Starving years - 80% starved to death
Grew tobacco - cash crop Powhatan - Indian that introduced himself |
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Virginias first families
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First large families to exist in America
Can be traced back to Jamestown |
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4 largest immigrant groups to come to new world
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English, Scottish, Irish, German
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Great Philadelphia wagon road
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Old Iroquois trail
600 miles from Virginia to Georgia |
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Baby boom
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1630-1700
Population increased by 2 million |
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Great Philadelphia wagon road
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Old Iroquois trail
600 miles from Virginia to Georgia |
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First census
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1790
Half of population under 16 |
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Colonial women
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Married at 20
Men outnumbered women 2:1 |
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Average man and woman in colonial life
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Woman lived to be 50
Man lived to 40 |
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Diptheria
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1700s
Caused by unsanitary living conditions |
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Housing in colonial life
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Brick
Cedar and oak Sod (dung) |
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Education in colonial life
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Primarily taught to read the bible
Harvard - first ever college |
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First public library in America
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Charleston South Carolina
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Plymouth colony
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1620
Separatists from holland Mayflower ship Taught to grow crops by Squanto |
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Squanto
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Learned to speak English when captured by Spanish when 12
Creates trade relationships with Plymouth |
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Massachusetts bay colony
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1629
Puritans from great migration John Winthrop |
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John Winthrop
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Preached "a model of Christian charity"
Idea "a city upon a hill" |
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Roger Williams
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Preached separation of church and state
Starts Rhode Island colony - first colony to have religious freedom |
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Ann Hutchinson
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Antimonism - belief that you are saved by faith alone
Walked to NY Community attacked and killed by NA |
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Northern colonies
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Puritans
General Court NH, RI, Mass, Conn |
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Middle colonies
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Bread colonies
Quakers Most established by William pen NY, Penn, Del, NJ |
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Southern colonies
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Anglicans and Catholics
House of burgesses Grew tobacco |
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Southern colonies
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Anglicans and Catholics
House of burgesses Grew tobacco |
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Salem Witch Trials
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Suspected witches: swim or press
Pastor: better that 10 suspects go free, than one innocent die Innocent until proven guilty 19 people executed |
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African diaspora
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The spreading of Africans around the world
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The middle passage
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The passage from freedom to bondage for the slave
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Rebellions @ slave ships
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Amistad ship - threw over crew and land in NY, sent back to Africa
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Pueblo revolt of 1680
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Pueblo NA of NM vs. Spanish settlers
Spanish came to convert Beat them to conversion, forced them to give up traditions and cultures |
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Pope of Pueblo Indians
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Convinced Indians that drought is because of conversions
Convinces them to kill 18 priests, 400 colonist |
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1680
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Year African slave trade became dominant source for labor
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Awakening
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Spiritual revival
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Circuit riders/itinerate preaches
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Preached on horse back
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Solomon Stoddard
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Puritan minister from mass
Started first great awakening Died year before awakening |
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Jonathan Edwards
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"Sinners in the hands of an angry God"
Greatest theologian of the great awakening |
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George Whitfield
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Greatest evangelist of TGA
From England |
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Theodore Jacob Frelinghuysen
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Pietism - stresses personal conversion and obedience
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Old Lights |
Charles Chauncy Monotone |
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New Lights |
James Davenport promoted signs of emotion |
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William Tennent |
built a school for religious leaders log colleges |
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4 Results of Great Awakening |
Church growth Religious colleges increased Halfway covenant - gone brought more division |
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French and Indian War |
Seven Years War Actuality - 9 years French + Indians vs. English + Colonists
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Huguenots |
came to new world 1685 granted religious toleration frenchmen |
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Edict of Nantes |
restricts religious tolrance; in France |
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Samuel de Champlain |
father of New France |
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French trait |
got along with indians traded guns and alcohol intermarried with them |
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Beaver fur |
what French were after could be fashioned in to hats |
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Robert de la Salle |
discovered the Mississippi River modern day Louisiana |
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The Ohio Valley |
what english colonists wanted to claim, but french already settled there; land dispute during FI War |
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militia |
local volunteers who agree to conscript and fight |
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George Washington |
young general, 21, sent to Ohio Valley |
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Fort Duquesne |
Famous fort in Ohio Valley |
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Fort Necessity |
Washington's Fort; held for 10 hours |
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Iroquois Confederacy |
Indians sided with the English |
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General Edward Braddock |
old, brings 2000 soldiers with him, doesn't make it to destination (FI War) |
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William Pitt |
"The Great Commander" or "Organizer of Victory" Young English general sent from England
Replaces old generals with young, brings in more troops |
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Scalps of Indians during FI War |
50 for squaw 130 for brave |
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Treaty of Paris 1763 |
ended French and Indian War |
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Results of FI War |
Myth of British invincibility broken British officers clashed w/ colonists Colonists couldn't rank above a captain United colonies French/Indians no longer a threat |
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Proclamation Act of 1763 |
Creates natural boundary where Indians and America can separate
Indians - West of the Appalachians |
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Mission systems |
Franciscan order Spanish objective: convert NA to Christianity |
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Junipero Serra |
most well known to build Spanish missions physically punished himself |
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3 basic instructions of missions |
the missions - church presidio - where soldiers lived pueblo - town |
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yankee doodle |
mocked american soldiers |
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Join or Die |
published in Pennyslvania Gazette Benjamin Franklin myth of the snake - if its cut in pieces and reassembled by sunset, it can come back to life |
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Cause of American Revolution |
half of colonists weren't english - divine right was null colonists owned their own land and farms colonial self government
king was tired of paying to help colonists wanted to tax in order to pay for expenses |
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Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts |
passed as a response to Boston Tea Party |
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Sugar Act |
sugar, molasses, coffee |
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Stamp Act |
tax on interanl documents |
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Quartering Act |
standing army in times of peace, required colonists to let them stay at their houses |
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Townshend Act |
glass, paint, paper, tea |
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Dutch East India Company |
the only place colonists could buy tea from |
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Patrick Henry |
addresses the House of Burgesses March 23, 1775 first person to advocate rebellion "give me liberty or give me death" |
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The Sons of Liberty |
greatly opposed to the Intolerable Acts (taxes) advocated rebellion tarred and feathered tax collectors boycotted taxed products |
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Samuel Adams |
leader of the Sons of Liberty |
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Boston Massacre |
March 7, 1770 Tax collector tears down SoL sign SoL throws rocks at tax collectors Tax collector fires randomly Soldiers fire accidentally in to crowd 6 colonists die |
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Boston Tea Party |
Dec. 16, 1773 Gaspee - came to town with goods, commited crimes and drank and pillaged Colonists burn this ship
Colonists boycott taxed tea from Darmouth Ship 150 colonists Dressed like Mohawk Indians Dump 342 cases of tea, 24 million cups of tea |
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Mercantilism |
policy that says America can't trade with other people with the exception of England |
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Coercive/intolerable Acts |
Boston Port Act, Massachusetts GOvernment Act, Impartial administration of justice act |
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Boston Port Act |
closed the Boston harbor |
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Massachusetts Government Act |
took their charter away to self govern |
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Impartial admistration of justice act |
if you hurt an English governor, soldier, etc, you were tried in another colony/England (usually England) |
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Shot Heard Round the World |
Waldo Emerson's Concord Hymn describes first battle of American Rev |
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Battle of Lexington and Concord |
First battle of American Revolution English sends TG and WH to seize control of stockpile weapons Colonists set up militia Brits set fire to stockpile Colonists ran to battle, Brits forced to retreat |
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Patriots |
rebelled against Britain |
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Loyalists/Tories |
loyal to England |
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Benedict Arnold |
traitor!!!!!!! created a plan to help Brits control West Point in NY
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Wadsworth Longfellow |
"Paul Revere's Ride" poem |
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Declaration of Independence |
written by TJ completed July 2nd, 1776 signed July 4th, 1776 |
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John Locke |
Enlightenment Speaker, Social Contract Inspired the Declaration of Ind. |
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Democracy |
whatever the majority agree on |
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Republic |
represent and enforce the rights of the minority |
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Alliance with French |
Treat of Amity and Commerce/Treaty of Alliance - France sent US supplies |
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Articles of Confederation |
formed by Second Continental Congress first written constitution poorly written nicknamed Articles of Confusion |
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Treaty of Paris 1783 |
treaty signed after American Rev. |
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Siege of Yorktown |
where Cornwallis and Brits surrender |
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James Mcgready |
started camp meetings second Great Awakening
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Timothy Dwight |
had to hold meetings at Yale University deism - believed God created the world, but left the world and has no more influence |
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Charles Finney |
created new methods for worhip |
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Results of 2nd Great Awakening |
people focused on social problems (slavery especially)
people became fanatics |
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Battle of Saratoga |
Burgoyne surrendered for first time, turning point of the war |
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Battle of Bunker Hill |
The first great battle of the Revolutionary War; it was fought near Boston in June 1775. The British drove the Americans from their fort at Breed's Hill to Bunker Hill, but only after the Americans had run out of gunpowder. |
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Articles of Confederation |
unicameral house needs unanimous vote financial failure foreign weakness domestic weakness |
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Newburgh Conspiracy |
Generals weren't paid and upset Set up a meeting to overthrew new fed government Washington talks them out of it |
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The Virginia Plan |
James Madison large state plan bicameral government congress and house of representaive |
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New Jersey Plan |
small state plan William Patterson unicameral government
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Great Compromise |
Roger Sherman bicameral government |
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3/5 Compromise |
slaves count as 3/5 of a person for every 5 slaves, you can count 3 votes |
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Shay's Rebellion |
Daniel Shays (fought for US, didn't get paid, sent to prison for being in debt, burns courthouse) Armed militia starts burning gov buildings throughout Penn
proves Articles of Confed aren't enough to protect government from an overthrow |
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James Madison |
writes the Constitution |
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Constitution |
not everyone is willing to accept it, so they wrote the bill of rights |
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Bill of Rights |
created to protect civil liberties 1791
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10 amendments |
right to freedom of speech, assembly, religion, press, petition
right to bear arms
no quartering of troops
no unreasonable searches
rights of accused/due process
right to a speedy and public trial
trial by jury
cruel unjust punishment = illegal
unspecified rights
power not specified are of the people
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12th amendment |
allowed us to vote separately for pres and vice |
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due process |
cannot be denied life, liberty, or property |
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Bill of Rights (protected by) |
virginia and kentucky resolutions |
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Washingtons Neutrality Act |
washington doesnt want French to call on Americans for help |
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XYZ affair |
John Adams sends diplomats to negotiate with Tallyrand about impressments of American ships
unknown French men who request 32 million florin, called X Y Z in newspapers |
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Results of XYZ affair |
Navy and Marine corps created French agrees not to seize ships anymore Agreement made by Napoleon Bonaparte |
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Battle of Fallen Timbers |
Indians still fighting for control in Ohio Valley |
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William Henry Harrison |
the only good Indian is a dead Indian |
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Tecumseh and the Prophet |
forms a confederation defeated in Battle and signs a treaty |
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Treaty of Greensville |
by signing a treaty, government sees Indians as a nation Indians agree to vacate Ohio Valley |
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Democratic Republicans |
James Madison and TJ wanted limited government rule by the people stong state rights, weak federal government pro-french |
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Federalists |
John J, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton rule by elite limited state rights, powerful federal government pro-brits |
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Alien and Sedition Acts |
Alien Act - gave president ability to expel or imprison undesirables during times of hostility
Sedition Acts - make it illegal to say anything against gov with intention to defame |
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions |
passed by Democratic Republicans nullified Alien and Sedition Acts |
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Patriot Act |
created by US to watch for terrorists after 9/11 |
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Louisiana Purchase |
greatest land deal in the history of the world Spain originally owned it, then France US didn't want it originally, just New Orleans 15 mill offered and given on the spot increased size by 50 percent |
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James Monroe and Robert Livingston |
sent to France to offer money for New Orleans |
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Lewis and Clark expedition |
TJ paid for it himself intention: explore Louisiana Territory |
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Corp of Discovery |
Meriweather Lewis and William Clark lasted a total of 3 years May 14, 1804
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Lewis |
track down animals and plants |
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Clark |
captain, let all the indians know they have been purchased by the US |
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Sacajawea |
led them (with her French husband) spoke different languages saved diaries knew enemy tribe (was her brother) |
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Shoshone Indians |
tribe across Rocky Mountains Brother is Sacajawea's brother feasted and resupplied Lewis + Clark
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Impressment |
start of war of 1812 Englishmen wanted to desert to Americans (can easily disguise themselves as Americans) impressment - englishment stopped US vessels to search for BR deserters
happened during Madison and TJ's presidency |
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USS Chesapeake |
US military ship Brits board it; like a declaration of war 20 Americans killed, 4 captured |
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Embargo Act |
passed by TJ trade sanction against England hurt the US more than England and started recessions |
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James Madison |
1809 War hawk pres during War of 1812 |
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War Hawks |
led by Henry Clay favored war with England and Native Americans |
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Non Intercourse Act |
passed by James Madison limited trade with England and France |
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War of 1812 |
declared by Madison because ships were still being impressed |
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Battle of Thames |
W1812 American victory Gen. William Henry Harrison burnt down White House |
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Dolly Madison |
saves portrait of George Washington during burning down of White House |
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Battle of Fort McHenry |
American victory US sunk battleships in Baltimore harbor to prevent Brits for landing writing of Star Spangled Banner |
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Francis Scott Key |
diplmoat who needed to negotiate release of captured Americans
wrote Star SPangled Banner |
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Battle for Lake Erie |
Oliver Hazard Perry - naval forces First successful ocean battle between America and England "We have met the enemy and they are ours" |
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Battle of New Orleans |
Gen. Andrew Jackson - reputation "touch as hickory" Last battle of War of 1812 |
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Third party to negotiate War of 1812 Treaty |
Tsar Alexander I (Russia) |
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Treaty of Ghent |
ended war of 1812 Brits ask for maine and buffer zone for Indians America says no signed Christmas Eve, 1814 |
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Armistice |
neither side wins, no victor end of war of 1812 |
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Results of War of 1812 |
heightened sense of patriotism James Madison higher popularity rate birth of American literature paintings of American landscape hurt American economy |
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Last of the Mohicans |
written by James F. Cooper |
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James Monroe |
"Good Will tour" to inspect militia of each state Era of Good Feelings |
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Panic of 1819 |
first Panic of the United States |
