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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Great Plains |
broad expanse of flat lands covered with prairies, steppe, and grassland. Lies West of the Mississippi river and East of of the Rocky Mountains. |
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Long Drive |
Herding of thousands of cattle to railroad centers acrossed the plains. |
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Soddy |
Frederick, 1877-1956 Engish chemist that discovered isotopes, and got the nobel prize for chemistry in 1921. |
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Populism |
belief in the power of regular people, and in their right to have control over their government rather than a small group of political insiders or a wealthy elite. |
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assimilation |
The process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group
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Homestead Act |
encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land.
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The Grange |
The Patrons of Husbandry, or the Grange, was founded in 1867 to advance methods of agriculture, as well as to promote the social and economic needs of farmers in the United States.
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Gold Standard |
the system by which the value of a currency was defined in terms of gold, for which the currency could be exchanged.
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Bessemer Process |
a steel-making process, now largely superseded, in which carbon, silicon, and other impurities are removed from molten pig iron by oxidation in a blast of air in a special tilting retort
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Interstate Commerce Act |
United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.
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Monopoly |
the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
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Horizontal integration |
process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain.
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Union |
an organized association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests
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Sweatshop |
a factory or workshop, especially in the clothing industry, where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions.
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Transcontinental Railroad |
contiguous network of railroad trackage that crosses a continental land mass with terminals at different oceans or continental borders.
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Sherman Antitrust Act |
landmark federal statute in the history of United States antitrust law (or "competition law") passed by Congress in 1890.
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Vertical Integration |
the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.
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Social Darwinism |
social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.
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Robber Baron |
an unscrupulous plutocrat, especially an American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means
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Strike |
labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work.
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Nativism |
the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
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Chinese Exclusion Act |
United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882. It was one of the most significant restrictions on free immigration in US history, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.
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Graft |
form of political corruption, being the unscrupulous use of a politician's authority for personal gain.
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debt peonage |
also called debt slavery or debt servitude, is a system where an employer compels a worker to pay off a debt with work
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Melting Pot |
a place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc., are mixed together.
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Settlement houses |
an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community.
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Pendleton Civil Service Act
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United States federal law, enacted in 1883, which established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.
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Political machine |
political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.
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