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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Richard Hakluyt
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Believed England should immigrate to the New World for many reasons
-trade-need to make money and economic independence -jobs-huge unemployment problem-too many ppl not enought jobs-but many to be had in the New World -Strong Navy-dont want Spain to invade -Religion-Protestant nationalism vs. Catholic powers(esp. Spain) *wanted to move to the new world to become more competitive with European rivals *mainly economical reasons |
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Queen Elizabeth I
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rejected Hakluyt's reasons for going to the New World
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The New Monarchs
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Defeated compitition
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nationalism
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The greatest power in the world
(1584-this was Spain. England was second) |
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Protestant Reformation
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-started with Martin Luther
-the King wanted to divorce Catherine(related to King Philip-Catholic) to marry Anne Bolyn -England became Protestant (because Catholic priest would not divorce them) -Started the feud between Spain and England |
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Virginia Company
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-A Joint-Stock Company (in which people invest in a company hoping to earn a profit.)
-Most investors stayed in London but a few went over to Chesapeake and established Jamestown. -(Jamestown used to be a charter colony but the Virginia Company drew up a contract/charter with Jamestown.) -Captian John Smith was involved -tobacco saved them from ruin |
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Charter Colony
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governed by a company through a charter
ADD MORE! |
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John Smith
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Involved in the Virginia Company-went over to Chesapeake and helped establish Jamestown.
Took on a leadership role. |
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Royal Colony
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Controlled by the crown
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Proprietary Colony
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Land that had been granted to people (particularly Catholics) by the King.
Ex-Maryland-owned by the Calvert family (Catholics) |
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John Winthrop
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Believed the following reasons for going over to the New World:
1. Wanted to spread Puritanism and prevent the spread of Catholicism. 2. Believed we live in a sinful land and thus there will be a calamity. 3. Too many people-not enough work. 4. By colonizing the New World they could create an example of how to conduct a city that keeps its relationship with God-A City Upon a Hill 5. We have a legal right to the land -became 1st governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony *mainly religious reasons |
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Puritanism
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-Puritans viewed religion to be complex and demanding
-sought truth by reading the Bible and listening to sermons -lifetime-listened to 7,000 sermons -John Calvin (followed his original ideas) -believed in predestination-but sought salvation -looked for indications of salvation-and prayed to God to learn if they were going to heaven -state of mind-against all other religions |
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King Charles I
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-desired to tax Parliament without their approval
-led to his beheading |
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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1630-Winthrop first governor
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Anne Hutchinson
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-Very committed woman-took on a leadership role as Puritan (discussion leader)
-Didn't believe you could pray about your predestination -taken to court for sedition-traitor against colonial laws -also a midwife |
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English Civil War
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Puritans vs. Anglicans
1642-1649 Oliver Cromwell's Puritan army prevailed England became a commonwealth ruled by Parliament Each colony depended on relationship with King Charles I Protestants in Maryland gained more influence-they forced Lord Baltimore (a Catholic who received Maryland from King Charles) to cooperate |
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Oliver Cromwell
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Led the Puritan army in the English Civil War
1650s began the Western Design colony |
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Western Design
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-Led by Cromwell who wanted to rid the Ireland and American colonies of their Catholic leadership
-Sent his army to Ireland to push them far west into the bad land fights Spain and captures Jamaica (which becomes largest sugar colony) |
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Restoration
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1660-the English monarchy is restored under King Charles II
Known as the restoration of monarchy Restoration colonies: New York/East Jersey, Carolina, and Pennsylvania/West Jersey/Delaware |
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King Charles II
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Restoration of monarchy
Wanted to maintain support by making people happy (didn't want to be beheaded) Gave away land in New Colonies to influential and powerful people |
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William Penn
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A Quaker who wanted religious tolerance
Purchased land from Indians-respected them Welcomed all people (particularly Irish and German) who came to share the land. Owned Pennsylvania and Delaware (Restoration colonies given to him by King Charles II) |
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Quakers
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-religious group-passivists and non-violent
-Respected Indians and welcomed everyone -but it led to confrontations (not all passive) -very influential in Pennsylvania |
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Indentured Servant
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-People who wanted transportation to the New World in exchange for service for approximately 3-7 years. Also received food, shelter, and clothing during their service.
-Many people went to the Chesapeake colonies to work for the tobacco industires -In high demand -eventually replaced by slavery because slavery was for life and ppl were living longer(cheaper over time) and they were becoming a security threat after their service was up and more slaves were available due to the slave trade |
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Freedom dues
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-Indentured servants received these at the end of their service
-land and material goods -usually still had to pay rent |
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Triangular Trade
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America, Europe, Africa
-America plantation crops to Europe -Europe manufactured goods to Africa -Africa slaves to America -It became extremely rare to be shipped directly from Africa to America-usually stopped in West Indies -Europeans had the African slave traders to the dirty work for them-didn't want to travel to Africa (unknown dangerous area-malaria) -Slaves largely transported to South America and the Caribbean |
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Middle passage
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-passage of slaves from Africa to the New world
-poor condidions -viewed as cargo not people -threw sick slaves overboard for insurance mone |
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Land Squeeze
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-Result of a power struggle between the Indians and White colonists
-Competition over land-land wasn't fertile any more-colonists had been there for 50yrs -Population was also growing so they pushed West into Indian territory |
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Bacon's Rebellion
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rebellion in which free indentured servants expressed their upset about their conditions-burned down Jamestown
-land owners were worried about their security |
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John Sassamon
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-A Christianized Indian who had a powerful position because he could understand and communicate with both sides
-Told the colonists of King Philips plan to take revenge -Found murdered 1 week later |
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Royal African Company
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-led to growth of slavery
-Britain became biggest slave trader in the world-traded with America's British colonies |
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Metacom (King Philip)
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-Chief of the Wampanoag tribe.
-Very unhappy and disgusted with the power struggle between the Indians -began storing weapons-planning to take revenge -heard that his plan had been exposed by Sassomon -attacked Plymouth after 3 tribe members were hung for the murder of Sassomon -both sides turned to their neighbors (plymouth-Massachusetts and Rhode Island) -King Philips War -killed by an Indian on Aug. 24, 1676 |
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Hetty Shepard
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-15 years old-wrote a diary of experiences throughout King Philips War
-cried and prayed (sorrows even on her b-day) -Her Uncle Benjamin Church (and eventually her father for a bit) left to fight against King Philip-became a great hero -extremely religious but felt guilty about her interest in boys |
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Navigation Acts
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-England's attempt to control trade
-any ship carrying trade goods had to be built in England or American colonies -3/4 of sailors have to be English or American colonists -main goods have to first go to England *About making revenue and establishing independence |
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Dominion of New England
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1686-New England immigrants ignored the Navigation Acts
-Massachusetts Bay became a royal colony -Many colonies clumped together in an attempt to control the trade in all their colonies -wanted them to be close to New England rather than foreign countries (such as the Dutch) |
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The Glorious Revolution
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-Colonies were upset over the Navigation Acts, Dominion of New England, King Philips War, and Bacon's Rebellion
-1688-1691: King was forced from the thrown and replaced by William and Mary (Protestants) -Protestants started the revolution -British government is never going to go away and by 1763 9/13 colonies were royal colonies |
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salutary neglect
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-When the British left the American Colonies alone and in turn the American colonies made great profits.
-England didn't strictly enforce the Navigation Acts -England was distracted by France (the new greatest power in the world) 1689-1763-England fought 6 wars against France |
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commercial revolution
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cotton clothing, china sets
-many colonists made much money selling these items -American Colonists are wearing and using more British goods -proud to be British-identified with Britain-brough colonies together (this + salutary neglect = proudly British) |
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"New Light" Theology
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A form of religion that breaks you down then gives you the way to redemption-which is falling in love and embracing Jesus Christ as your Lord and Savior
-saw the materialistic world as sinful -needed to shock and awe people to snap them out of their sinful ways |
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George Whitefield
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-Most famous person in the American colony
-Talented precher-preached "New Light" Theology -referred to followers as "O Sinners" -became famous through making a name for himself and crafing his image -oxford educated englishman -learned New Light Theology at Oxford -met john wesley (converted Whitefield to new light) -met william seward (newspaper publisher) -1737 he began preaching on his own -went to Georgia-preached to prisoners -wrote journals about this missionary work-England was extremely interested and he held rallies to raise funds for an orphanage -toured the American colonies as well-1740s-phenomenon-most publicized and talked about event -started marketing him-books and souvenirs (comercial revolution) |
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Great Awakening
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Many people had turned away from a major focus on religion
-instead: westward expansion, commercial development, Enlighenment rationalism grown and lack of individual engagement in church services -Whitefield along with other preachers and "New Light" theology wanted to impact these people -aided by the commercial revolution -provided a common framework -a theology that created a sense of equality (same Jesus Christ-wealth didn't matter) |
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Cato's Letters
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-believed and warned colonists about power-hungry leaders-human nature but if they get more power-we are going to lose our freedom and become slaves
-extremely popular among colonists because they knew what slave life was like-Britain didnt. -They were the most free people on earth and didnt want it taken away |
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colonial governors
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colonists feared them-due to Cato's letters-that they would become power-hungry
-caused fights with the colonial assemblies |
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colonial councils
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supreme court of appeals in civil cases
work with the governor crown approached them in royal colonies |
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colonial assemblies
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worked with the colonial governors
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French and Indian War
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1763-French and Indian allies vs. Britain, American colonies, and their Indian allies
-fighting over the ohio river valley land -British side won-kicked french out of the land -colonists pride grew-started moving westward but Indians still lived there |
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Pontiac's Rebellion
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After French and Indian war, colonists tried moving west into Indian territory
-Indians fought back to keep their land |
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Proclamation of 1763
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-Britain drew a line to separate colonists from settling in the newly won land/the Indian territory
-did this to avoid another Pontiac's Rebellion -England's army was fatigued and their national debt had doubled-they didnt want another war -kept the land as Indian reserve -placed 10,000 troups to guard the line |
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Requisition system
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-England could not afford the troops guarding the Proclamation line and needed to get money from the colonists
-they would ask the colonial assembly for a certain amount of money -colonial assembly debates the requisition and if accepted the colonial assembly would tax the colony and the money was given as a gift -sometimes the requisition would be denied -colonists viewed it as a satisfactory system, but British government did not-blamed this on a lot of their debt issues |
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Declaratory Act
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-issued after colonists outrageous reactions to the stamp and sugar acts
-british declared that they will no longer go through the colonial assemblies -British Parliament is now in charge -colonists now have to follow their laws-including tax laws -this included a tea tax |
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Boston Massacre
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-Soldiers were fighting mercilessly and killing colonists for no apparent reason.
-Very few colonists tried to fight back-ones that did were not armed as well and were outnumbered -even those trying to help the wounded were injured or killed -bloody streets the next morning -brought to court and asked to be immediately removed |
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Boston Tea Party
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-reaction to tea tax-they thought that by paying it acknowledged Britain's right to tax the colonies
-dec. 16, 1773-a group of colonists disguised as Indians boarded three tea ships and threw more than 300 chests of tea into the water |
