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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the main positive and negative results of industrial growth in the mid to late 1800s?
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-US population was increasing rapidly, improvement in agriculture and technology; more food for people. Economy got stronger
-Advances in transportation -Advances in communication -New sources of energy -Rise of corporations (monopolies) -Open immigration policy |
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Laissez-faire capitalism
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The idea that government should not interfere in business; government should not make a lot of regulations for businesses to follow.
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Social Darwinisn
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"Survival of the fittest." The rich were rich because they deserved to be rich, while the poor were blamed for being poor.
Justified large economic inequalities |
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Robber Barons
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Used to identify a business leader because of their unfair business practices.
Ex: Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. |
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Labor Unions
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Organizations of workers who united in order to have more power to fight the bosses.
Included huge and sometime violent strikes such as, the Railroad Strike of 1877, the Homestead Strike, and others |
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Populist Party
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A third political party that rose in the 1890s, mainly to promote the interests of farmers who were economically hurt by the railroad monopolies and corrupt banking practices.
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New Immigrants
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People from Southern and Eastern Europe who were culturally different from old immjgrants,
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Old Immigrants
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People from Northern and Western Europe
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Nativism
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Prejudice against immigrants
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Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
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Outlawed all immigration from China, for reasons of race
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Muckraker
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A writer or photographer who exposed problems in society, business and/or government.
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How did the philosophy of Social Darwinisn justify economic inequalities?
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It justified economic inequalities by stating that the rich deserved to be rich, while the poor were blamed for being poor (it was their own fault)
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Why were some industrial leaders of the late 1800s called "robber barons"
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Some industrial leaders were called robber barons because of their unfair business practices.
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What were the problems that the labor unions were most concerned with fixing? What strategies did unions use to try to achieve their goals?
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Labor Unions were most concerned with worker's rights,fixing their wages and the safety regulations.
They formed strikes |
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What was the difference between "old" and "new" immigrants?
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Old Immigrants were from Southern and Eastern europe. They were culturally different from the new immigrants and suffered from nativism. New Immigrants were mostly people from Northern and Western Europe.
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What were the main social problems that reformers of the Progressive Era cared about?
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Consumer protection, child labor, working conditions, living conditions, expanding democracy, business corruption, women's suffrage, and conservation.
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Consumer Protection
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People buying food and medicine were always in danger of getting sick or dying because of unsanitary conditions in the market and packaging of these products.
Reform Actions: -Upton Sinclair writes The Jungle -Teddy Roosevelt demands new consumer protection laws New Legislation: -Meat Inspection Act -Pure Food and Drug Act |
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Child Labor
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Children as young as 6 or 7 were working in factories, as house cleaners, in street jobs- conditions were dangerous and many died.
Reform Actions: -Jacob Riis published photos of child labor in his book How The Other Half Lives -Soon after, government investigations began New Legislation: -Most states pass laws outlawing child labor |
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Working Conditions
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Jobs in many industries were very dangerous and if a worker got hurt it often meant losing the job; pay was low
Reform Actions: -Triangle Shirtwaist fire and protests -Photos by Jacob Riis New Legislation: -New minimum wage laws -Laws about worker safety |
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Living Conditions
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Conditions in cities were extremely dirty, overcrowded and full of disease; most immigrants lived in small, dark tenememts.
Reform Actions: -Jane Addams opens the first "settlement house" -Riis photos New Legislation: -New building safety laws |
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Expanding Democracy
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Government corruption was widespread and regular people had little say in government decisions.
Reform Actions: -Lincoln Steffan and other muckraker expose how businesses controlled the gov't New Legislation: -17th Amendment (direct election of senators) -Referendum, recall, secret ballot |
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Business Corruption
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Monopolies and trusts existed in many industries- consumers suffered fom high prices and low quality products
Reform Actions: -Teddy Roosevelt proclaims himself the "trust-busting" President New Legislation: -Clayton Antitrust Act -Federal Trade Commission Act -Federal Reserve Act |
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Women's Suffrage
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Women in most states still did not have the right to vote
Reform Actions: -Protests led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Susan B. Anthony New Legislation: -19th Amendment passed in 1920 |
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Conservation
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Much of the forest land in the US was being destroyed by development and industry.
Reform Actions: -Teddy Roosevelt tells America it's natural resources and forests must be protected New Legislation: -National Forest System- which sets aside land which can never be developed (built on) |
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What was a "muckraker" and who were some important muckrakers?
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A muckraker was a writer or photographer who exposed problems in society, business and/or government.
Ex: Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, and Lincoln Steffens |
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Which consumer protection laws were inspired by the muckraking of Upton Sinclair?
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Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.
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Which Progressive laws were passed by the federal government to regulate big business?
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Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, and Clayton Antitrust Act.
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