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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Christopher Columbus |
Discovered America
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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founded Roanoke in Virginia; 1st to attempt colonization but failed
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Roanoke
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1st attempt at colonization but failed
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Columbian Exchange
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The transfer- beginning with Columbus’ first voyage-of plants, animals, and diseases between the Western and Eastern Hemisphere
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What were the positives and negatives of European Settlement of the western hemisphere with regard to Native Americans? |
+: NA introduced to new tech and trade |
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What led to European exploration and expansion?
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God- spread christianity; gold- make $$, glory- get more land for an empire and rub it in everybody's face |
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joint-stock company
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Businesses in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose |
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Jamestown
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The 1st settlement to be established and survive
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William Penn
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Quaker who founded Pennsylvania to serve as a home for escaping Quakers from persecution |
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William Bradford
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One of the main founders for Mass.
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Nathanial Bacon
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Rebelled against native’s to get help from wealthy people; 1st instance of regular guy rebelling against what would later become the planter areostocy; governor tried to shut them him down |
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Ann Hutchinson
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Banned because of her religious beliefs; started Rhode Island |
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Roger Williams
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Started Rhode Island
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Quakers
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people who were accepting of everything; tolerant
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To what extent did the environment determine the culture of the colonies? |
north: rocky soil and cold climate, led to less farming and more trading |
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why and to what extent, did slavery take root and develop in the North American colonies? How did African Americans adapt to life on North America? |
one person had a lot of land so there was a need for people to farm the land, so Britain took part in the slave trade and started exporting them over here to work the land
African Americans families were important, community-songs, stories about home |
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Benjamin Franklin
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father of america, founding father, invented a lot of stuff
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great Awakening
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a revival of religious feelings in American colonies |
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mercantilism |
made people rich by exporting more than they imported |
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salutary neglect
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britain let the colonies alone as long as they were bringing in money
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navigation acts
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a series of laws enacted by Parliament, to tighten England's control of trade in its American colonies |
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cash crops
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crops grown to make money instead of to eat
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middle passage
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the voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the west indies and later to North America
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French and Indian War
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colonists were afraid that the French were going to confine them between the Appalachian Mts and the Indian ocean and the french were afraid they were going to invade their territory and invade their fur trading; both paranoid of each other; neither groups thought about the native americans; at 1st natives were on the French side, when the british started winning the war, the natives switched sides, in the end natives weren't even thought of, only reason natives in the treaty is so the colonists would not mess with the natives |
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Treaty of Paris |
the treaty that ended the French and Indian War |
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Proclamation Line of 1763
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an order in which England prohibited its colonists from settling west of the appalachians |
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How were the Americans beginning to change their form of government in comparison with the British form of government?
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colonial government became independent from England because they had no voice and because of salutary neglect, so they developed colonial assemblies to come up with way to govern themselves
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How did the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment affect colonial society?
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GA- people closer to God, religion farther away from the state
E- made people question British monarchy, importance of science and reason |
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Stamp Act
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a law in which Parliament established the 1st taxation of goods and services within the British colonies in North America
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No taxation without representation |
when representatives of colonies met to draw up the Declaration of rights and grievances stating that Parliament lacked the power to impose taxes because the colonies were not represented in parliament |
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Sons of Liberty
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"terrorist" group for loyalists and harmed them to to to get people to join their cause of liberty from Britain; responsible for Boston Tea Party |
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Samuel Adams
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one of the founders of the Sons of Liberty
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Declatory Act
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asserted parliament was able to make all the laws, gave them full power
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Townshend Revenue Acts |
indirect taxes, or duties levied on imported materials taxed tea |
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Boston Massacre
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drunk colonists attacked red coats with snow ball and they get shot
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Tea Act
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Why the tea party happened |
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Boston Tea Party
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the dumping of tea into the Boston harbor by the colonists in protest of the tea act
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Coercive (Intolerable) Acts
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a series of laws enacted by parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party
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First Continental Congress
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looking to maintain peace with Britain; at the congress the olive tree branch saying to stop with the hostilities and they wanted to not separate |
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Battles of Lexington and Concord
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after 1st continental congress, because the british wanted to take the stock of gun powder in the cities, 1st shots of the war, made them realize they had to take up arms |
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Second Continental Congress
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the continental congress that approved the DoI, and served as the only agency of national government during the revolutionary war |
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Thomas Paine
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wrote Common Sense, made colonists want to be free from Britain |
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Declaration of Independence
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the document written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 in which the delegates of the Continental Congress declared the colonies' independence from Britain |
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Loyalists
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people who stood with Britain
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battle of Saratoga
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turning point of the war, involved the French
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York-town
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final battle of the of the Revolutionary War
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Terms of the Peace Treaty
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America: west to the Mississippi, north to the Great Lakes, south to Spanish Florida
Britain did not attempt to protect land interests of Native Americans; didn’t specify when they would leave forts Loyalists couldn’t be prosecuted; congress had to recommend that state legislatures give back confiscated property; states could not prevent debts being payed to British creditors…didn't happen |
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How were the 1st and 2nd continental congress different?
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1st: wanted to remain in peace with Britain-olive branch petition
2nd: was to convince colonies to prepare for war b/c shots had already been fired |
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what were the two advantages and disadvantages the americans had going into the war? |
+: on colony soil, colonies were fighting for a cause, not just to get paid |
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articles of confederation
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a document, adopted by the second continental congress and finally approved by the states that outlined the form of the gov't f the new USA. Gave no power to central gov't |
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federalists
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people for ratifying the constitution
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anti-federalists
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an opponent of strong central government
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philadelphia convention
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constitutional convention; because they saw the AoC were gonna fail, they met to draw up the constitution |
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virginia plan
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representation in government depended on the population of the sate
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new jersey plan
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equal representation for everybody in gov't
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constitution
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plan drawn up to serve as the make of the USA, includes laws to be followed and the beliefs of the founding fathers; has three branches |
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three fifth compromise
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the constitutional convention's agreement to count three fifths of the state's slave population as a vote
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bill of rights
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1st ten amendments stating the citizen's rights and freedoms |
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george washington
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1st prez of the USA; established cabinet; judiciary act- established court system
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thomas jefferson
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secretary of state to GW; for a democracy and for common people; DoI; Louisiana Purchase |
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alexander hamilton
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secretary of treasury to GW; for central government; wanted the gov't run by wealthy people
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Hamilton's Financial Plan
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assumption of state debt; establish a national bank; funding- all the gov't IOU's would be paid back in full
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whiskey rebellion
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whiskey distillers rebelled against the tax, militia came and shut them down
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XYZ Affair
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adams wanted to deal with the french and sent ambassadors but the french would not see them without a bribe so they sent three low level ambassadors and they were called xyz |
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alien and sedition acts
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lengthened time required to become a citizen and said they could not speak against the gov't
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kentucky and virginia resolutions
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said the sates had the right to nullify and right of congress they deemed unconstitutional; called on other states to follow
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federalist party
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for a strong federal government; run by wealthy
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republican party
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local government; regular persons in charge
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Louisiana Purchase
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the 1803 purchase by the united states of France's Louisiana territory-extending from the mississippi river to the rocky mountains- for $15 million
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lewis and clark
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name of the expedition that set out to map the western part of the US that remained unexplored
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marbury v madison
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court case dealing with the midnight appointments, marbury did not receive his place and in the end madison won; established judicial review
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embargo act
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ban on trading goods with other countries |
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james madison
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democratic republican, declared the war of 1812
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war of 1812
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war inspired by hatred of the british because of impressment of their ships and aiding the natives to fight against them; ended by the treaty of ghent |
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how did the democracy change in the time following the revolution in the united states and why? |
originally power lied in the states for fear of monarchy (AoC); shifts to more power in the central gov't (const) |
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why is marbury vs madison one of the most important supreme court cases in american history?
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established judicial review; judicial branch is equal
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explain the circumstances and consequences of the Louisiana purchase?
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napoleon at war with british; he was afraid of two front war, so sell louisiana america; consequence is that the natives are pushed off
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what were the causes of the war of 1812? how did the us attempt to avoid the war, and why were these attempts unsuccessful?
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the causes were that the british often seized us ships and made them theirs and also because they gave the natives weapons to fight them. us tried to stop war by the embargo act but that failed because it hurt the us more than it did other countries
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legislative branch
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law making brach of the us gov't
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judicial branch
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law interpreting/ constitution interpreting branch
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executive branch
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the branch that enforces the laws
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how does a bill become a law? |
it must be approved by the HoR and the Senate and then by the prez |
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how can an amendment be added to the constitution?
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it can be ratified |
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james monroe
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established the monroe doctrine; ?????? |
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missouri compromise |
main is free and missouri slave, boundary of missouri is the line of slavery |
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john quincy adams
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established nationalism, got florida,
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andrew jackson
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started the democratic republican party, made jobs available, stopped abuse of national money by the wealthy, freed country of debt, used veto a lot, faced down nullifiers, killed the 2nd bank
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indian removal/ trail of tears
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under jackson, the indian removal act forced the native americans to move to the west, trail of tears was the name given to the trip they made when they lost a lot of their people
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democratic party
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political party known for its support of strong state governments, founded by Thomas Jefferson
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whig party
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political party to oppose Andrew Jackson |
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stronger sectional rivalries between the north and south began to develop. why did this happen, and how did debate over missouri reflect these differences?
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territories want to become free states- slave v free would ruin balance of power in state/ Missouri compromise created the line where free states above the line and slave states below the line Missouri admitted as a slave state; Maine was admitted as a free state
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why was jackson considered to be representative of the democratic movement? |
claimed to be representative of the common man; spoils system; state's rights advocate, but the union was more important than one single state (nullification crisis); indian removal to get more land for americans
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explain the reasons for the emergence of the whig party?
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oppose jackson party made up by ex-democrats; not in favor of expansion of slavery
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reasons for demise of federalist party? |
when jefferson came, more ppl for democratic rep and they were anti war of 1812 because they loved british |
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abolitionist movement
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movement to free the slaves
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frederick douglas
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Former slave, was educated; believed that abolition would come through political means (non violent rebellions) like his abolitionist newspaper |
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underground railroad
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system of routes designed to help runaway slaves escape to the north |
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Second Great Awakening
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religious movement in which individual responsibility for seeking salvation was emphasized along with the need of personal and social improvement
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temperance movement
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movement to prevent the drinking of alcohol
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texas revolution
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the 1836 rebellion where texas gained its independence from mexico
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republic of texas
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nation established in 1836 when american settlers in texas fought for their independence
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oregon trail
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route from missouri to oregon used by pioneers traveling to oregon territory
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james k polk
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president that urged the mexican american war |
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manifest destiny
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belief that it was the settler's god given right to move into the west
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mexican american war
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war fought with mexico over the annexation of texas and its boundaries
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treaty of guadalupe hidalgo
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treaty signed to end the mexican american war. US got the border of texas to be the rio grande, new mexico and california, paid $15 million of the territory and agreed to give rights to the mexicans living in the territory |
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explain manifest destiny. how did the idea become a reality?
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america is destined to expand to the pacific ocean; oregon trail, texas, american mexican war, gadsen purchase
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popular sovereignty
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the people have the power to make the choice
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compromise of 1850
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cali free and for the south more strict fugitive slave laws; pop sover. erhwere
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republican party
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political party opposed of slavery in the territories because it took away from hard working people
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kansas nebraska
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act that established the territories of kansas and nebraska and gave their residents the choice to be slave or no slave state
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bleeding kansas
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term given to the bloodshed in kansas due to people trying to get the state to be slave/ free
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