U.s. History Ii A Final Exam Review

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The agricultural sciences teacher at Tuskegee Institute who had many inventions from sweet potatoes, soybeans, and peanuts

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George Washington Carver

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The doctor from Alabama who got rid of yellow fever/malaria from the canal zone, thus saving many Americans during the construction of the Panama Canal

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William C. Gorgas

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Wrote The Jungle about the lives of American immigrants. The expose of the meatpacking industry was what captured the nation's attention

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Upton Sinclair

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Assassinated heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary whose death sparked World War I

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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Wrote The Great Gatsby about the empty lives of the rich and the unhappiness that the materialism of the 1920s brought

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F. Scott Fitzgerald

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Went to prison for illegal leasing government oil fields (for cash, cattle, and stock) in the infamous Teapot Dome scandal

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Albert Fall

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Opened a birth control clinic; violated Comstock law

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Margaret Sanger

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Led a "Back to Africa" movement for African Americans; the Jamaican born immigrant will eventually be deported for mail fraud

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Marcus Garvey

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Serbian nationalist, member of the Black Hand, assassinated Franz Ferdinand

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Gavrilo Princip

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Known for his assembly line process in the building of automobiles; made autos faster and cheaper

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Henry Ford

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Radical Italian anarchists, accused of robbery and murder, electrocuted on circumstantial evidence during "Red Scare"

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Sacco and Vanzetti

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Many inventions at his research facility in Menlo Park, New Jersey; invented phonograph, light bulb, and electricity

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Thomas Edison

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born a slave, autobiography entitled Up From Slavery; founder of Tuskegee Institute

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Booker T. Washington

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Tennessee biology teacher who was convicted for violated the Butler Act (teaching evolution); fined $100

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John Scopes

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New York City political machine boss who supposedly "stole" over $100 million from the NYC treasury

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William "Boss" Tweed

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Robber baron, captain of steel industry, preached "Gospel of Wealth," built libraries

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Andrew Carnegie

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Chicago gangster during prohibition, imprisoned for income tax evasion

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Alfonso "Al" Capone

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robber baron, owner of Standard Oil Co., believer in social darwinism

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John D. Rockefeller

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From Florence, AL; father of the blues

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W.C. Handy

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Wrote The History of Standard Oil, exposing J. D. Rockefeller's ruthless business practices

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Ida Tarbell

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First solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in his plane, "The Spirit of St. Louis," child kidnapped/murdered

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Charles Lindbergh

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New Deal program that insured people's bank accounts to give them confidence to put money back in the banks to get it flowing in the economy again.

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FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

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Woodrow Wilson's attorney general, led raids to deport suspected foreign radicals during the Red Scare

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A. Mitchell Palmer

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founded Hull House in Chicago, a settlement house which provided services like English language lessons and free daycare services for the poor and the immigrants in the neighborhood

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Jane Addams

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first black graduate from Harvard with a Ph.D., co-founder of the NAACP (grew out of Niagara Movement), wrote The Souls of Black Folk, wanted full rights for African Americans IMMEDIATELY

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W.E.B. DuBois

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Midwestern farmers who left the Great Plains and migrated west to California during the Dust Bowl

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Okies

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Founded after Reconstruction to intimidate blacks and keep them from voting, revitalized in the 1920s, added Catholics and Jews to their hate list

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KKK

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WWI veterans, marched on Washington to secure the early release of funds promised to them for their services in World War One

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Bonus Army

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Captains of industry, seen as rising to levels of power by destroying the competition

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Robber Barons

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Women in the 1920s who wore the new fashions and shorter hairstyles, smoked, dance and drank in public

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Flappers

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African-American farmers who fled to the Mid West, mainly Kansas, in the 1880s to escape sharecropping and take advantage of the Homestead Act

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Exodusters

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Assassinated at Pan American exposition in Buffalo, Theodore Roosevelt was his Vice President

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William McKinley

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1st modern president, outgoing personality, youngest president, Square Deal

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Theodore Roosevelt

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New Deal; “…only thing we have to fear is, fear itself.”

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Franklin Roosevelt

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president of Princeton, Governor of New Jersey, New Freedom- against trusts, was elected president in 1912 because the Republican Vote was split between Taft and TR

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Woodrow Wilson

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President when stock market crashed and Depression began, depended on rugged individualism rather than the government to right the failing economy

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Herbert Hoover

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Dollar Diplomacy, Children's Bureau, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court after he was president

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William Howard Taft

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President who called for a return to “normalcy”, died in office, many scandals including Teapot Dome, favored big business

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Warren G. Harding

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-Silent Cal, Republican, pro-business, said the "business of America is business..."

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Calvin Coolidge

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new way of making steel by getting rid of impurities, made it faster, cheaper, and stronger

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Bessemer Process

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2 main areas of fighting in the Spanish American War

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Cuba and the Phillipines

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sensationalized, exaggerated news stories meant to sell newspapers, one of the causes of the Spanish American War

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yellow journalism

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African American soldiers who fought with bravery and distinction in the Frontier Wars (agst. Native Ams.) and in the Spanish American War

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Buffalo soldiers

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Led the Rough Riders in the charge at San Juan Hill in the Spanish American War

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Theodore Roosevelt

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building of empires, adding colonies for respect, wealth, access to raw materials, places to build naval bases

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imperialism

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ship sent to Havana, Cuba to remind/pressure Spain to make democratic reforms in their Cuban colony, be available to evacuate Americans if need be

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U.S.S. Maine

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ended the Spanish American War, gave the U.S. Cuba (as a protectorate), Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Phillipines

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Treaty of Paris of 1898

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political machines, crowdedness, unsanitary conditions, political corruption

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Problems with immigration and urbanization

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1896 court case known as the "separate but equal" case, said as long as the segregated facilities were equal, they were allowed, legalized segregation

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Plessy vs. Ferguson

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nickname for segregation laws

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Jim Crow laws

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journalist who exposed problems/corruption in cities, businesses, and government with the hopes that positive change would be made

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Muckraker

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time period from 1890-1920 where muckrakers and other activists worked to correct problems associated with immigration, urbanization, and industrialization

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Progressive Movement or Progressive Era

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all countries would have equal access to trade with China

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Open Door Policy

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justification behind why robber barons were at the top of the business heap, life is a contest of the survival of the fittest

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Social Darwinism

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the wealthy have a responsibility to give back to philanthropy (charity/the poor), associated most often with Andrew Carnegie

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Gospel of Wealth

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1890 law; made trusts and monopolies illegal

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Sherman Anti-trust Act

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required by Alabama's Constitution of 1901 to vote

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pay poll tax and pass literacy test

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4 long term causes of World War I (Hint: MAIN)

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Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), and Italy until 1915

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Central Powers

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Short term cause of World War I

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assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy (after 1915), and U.S. in 1917

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Allied Powers (Allies)

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At the beginning of World War I, America was officially

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neutral

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new weapons in World War I

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tanks, barbed wire, subs (u-boats), poison gas, machine guns, airplanes

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clashes between enemy aircraft in war are called

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dogfights

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telegram from Germany to Mexico; tried to get Mexico to go to war against the U.S. to keep them out of the European conflict

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Zimmerman Note or Zimmerman Telegram

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Loans to Allies, sinking of the Lusitania, the Russian Revolution, Wilson wanted to participate in the peace process, unrestricted sub. warfare
Zimmerman Note
Sympathy for Allies

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All things that caused the U.S. to enter World War One

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treaty that ends World War One, blamed the war on Germany and forced them to pay war reparations

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Treaty of Versailles

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Wilson's list of things he took to Paris that he wanted in the treaty to end the war

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14 Points

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14th of Wilson's 14 points; an international peace keeping organization, U.S. never joined it and signed a separate peace agreement later

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League of Nations

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time period where foreigners, especially Soviets, were feared; fear of Communists

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Red Scare

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reasons for increase in factory productivity

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mass production (assembly line) ....and the installment plan (buying on credit) meant more people were able to buy things which spread up production and sales

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renewed interest in African American art, literature, and music

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Harlem Renaissance

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name of the first movie with sound (talkie)

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The Jazz Singer

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film capital of the U.S.

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Hollywood

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music which started in New Orleans and moved north during the Great Migration

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Jazz

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scandal during the Harding Administration concerning illegally leased gov't oil fields

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Teapot Dome scandal

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because of the fear of foreigners and beliefs in nativism, there were limits or ___ put on the number of immigrants that could come into the country

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quotas

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large number of African Americans who left the south for the north to look for factory jobs during the WWI era

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Great Migration

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drafted males between 18 and 25; did conservation work/environmental projects

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CCC or Civilian Conservation Corp

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3 R's to FDR's New Deal plan

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Relief
Recovery
Reform

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1930s John Steinbeck novel about the struggles of an Okie family moving west to California

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The Grapes of Wrath

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FDR's weekly radio addresses to the nation; used to calm fears during the depression

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Fireside Chats

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provided funds for unemployment, retirement, disabilities

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Social Security Act

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caused by a severe drought; Great Plains dried up and blew away

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Dust Bowl

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Date of stock market crash

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Oct. 29, 1929

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44 hour maximum work week
40 cent minimum wage
no child labor under 16

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Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)

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paid farmers not to plant as many crops and not to raise as much livestock

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Agricultural Adjustment Agency (AAA)

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Overproduction, unequal distribution of wealth, monetary policy, installment plan

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Causes of the Depression

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Alabama city that produced iron and steel for WWI weaponry

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Birmingham

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Alabama city known for shipping supplies and building ships in WWI

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