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35 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
After 1800, the American economy increased what fold?
18 fold!
After 1800, the American economy increased 18 fold due to what 4 things?
1. Millions of Americans moving from farms to towns
2. # of American's working in Factories is 20% of workforce
3. Shift from water to steam power
4. Millions of Americans moving midwest which increases agriculture.
The ideal of free labor lay at the heart of the North's argument that what was true?
That slavery should not be extended into the western territories.
What was the Free Labor Ideal?
Work conducted free from constraint and in accordance with the laborer's personal inclinations and will.
Prior to the Civil War, free labor became an ideal championed by Republicans to articulate individual's right to what?
To work how and where they wished and to accumulate property in their own name.
What was Manifest Destiny?
Justification for white settlers to take land they wanted that said whites had a God given right/duty to spread their civilization across the continent. The widely held belief that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent.
Who came up with the term Manifest Destiny?
John L. O'Sullivan
Who did more damage: the Plains Indians or the whites in the Wagon Trains? Why?
The whites because they brought alcohol and epidemics of small pox, measles, cholera, and scarlet fever.
The Plains Indians only killed how many whites?
400
What was the California Gold Rush?
Huge influx (250,000) of miners (called 49ers) into California in search of gold from 1849 to 1852.
Who's discovery set off the California Gold Rush?
James Marshall
What did the Chinese experience in America?
They were segregated residentially and occupationally and couldn't apply for citizenship due to their foreign mannerisms.
Why did Chinese immigrate to America?
Due to the gold rush, they figured they could get gold to send back to their families back in China.
Chinese came to America in what?
Large groups and even villages
How were the Chinese treated?
Very poorly.
What were the Chinese not allowed to do? What could they do?
They couldn't work in the mines, vote, or appear in court. They could cook, do domestic work and build railroads.
Why were Mexico's northern borderlands vulnerable?
They were sparsely populated and thus not defended from Americans settlers.
Wanting to populate and develop its northern territory, the Mexican government did what?
Granted Stephen F. Austin a huge tract of land along the Brazos River who then sold parts of the land for 10 cents an acre to settlers.
Afraid of losing Texas to new settlers, what did Mexico do?
They banned further immigration to Texas in 1830 and outlawed the introduction of additional slaves.
Who were the largest group of migrants into Texas?
Southern slave owning plantation owners!
Why did Congress refuse to annex Texas into the Union?
Texas would have been another slave state and the majority of the Northerners did NOT want that to happen.
Who was James Polk?
Expansionist president who believed in the Manifest Destiny who insisted in starting a war with Mexico to expand the US.
What was the main cause of death for most soldiers in the Mexican American War?
Dysentery and thirst.
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo? When was it?
The 1848 treaty said Mexico gave up all claims to Texas north of the Rio Grande and to cede New Mexico and California to the US and the US agreed to pay Mexico $15 mill and assume $3.25 million in American debt to Mexico.
What was Polk's War Strategy?
A short war in which US armies would occupy Mexico's N territory and defeat the Mexican army in a decisive battle or two after which Mexico would sue for Peace and the US would keep the claimed territory.
What did Polk have to do when his first strategy failed?
He had to take Mexico City to force them to sue for Peace.
What did Polk desperately want?
He wanted a Pacific-Atlantic trade route.
In 1829, what did Mexico officially prohibit? What did this cause?
They banned slavery which caused many slave owners to just change their slaves to indentured servants for life. It caused a lot of US settlers to be very unhappy.
What was the Fort Laramie Conference?
Conference between Whites and Plains Indians that said whites wouldn't settle in specific Indian land ever as long as Indians didn't bother whites traveling on Oregon Trail.
Since 1800, the total output of the US economy multiplied by how much?
12 fold
Midwest land was used for what? Why?
Farming because it had rich prairie soil and was largely already treeless so more time could be spent planting and harvesting.
By the 1850s, how many miles did railroads span across the US?
9000 miles with 2/3 in New England and midatlantic states
By 1860, how many miles did railroads span across the US?
30,000 miles!
The railroad boom of the 1850s signaled what?
The growing industrial might of the American economy!
Why did Railroads succeed?
They served both farms *and* cities.