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155 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Commodore ____________ defeated the British at Lake Erie, allowing General William Harrison to go north into Canada and win the Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812.
Oliver Perry
Perry built a fleet on Lake _____.
Erie
Fort McHenry resisted British bombardment in the War of 1812, inspiring Francis Scott Key to write the "_____________ Banner."
Star Spangled
After the British set fire to Washington DC, they attacked Fort McHenry at __________, MD.
Baltimore
In the war of ____, the British landed on the coast of Maryland, setting fire to the public buildings of Washington DC
1812
They set fire to the _______ buildings in Washington DC, including the Executive Mansion. The Executive Mansion was then repainted white and became the White House.
public
Andrew Jackson fought the British and won at the Battle of ___________ two weeks after a peace treaty had been signed for the War of 1812.
New Orleans
Andrew Jackson fought a much larger force of British at the Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson was a famous general in the war of 1812 who later became President. He was not the same general as "__________" Jackson who fought on the Confederate side in the Civil War.
Stonewall
The Treaty of Ghent in 1814 ended the War of ____.
1812
The Treaty of Ghent, signed in Ghent, ________, ended the War of 1812. All land won in this war was restored to the pre-war owners.
Belgium
The first protective ______ in US History was passed in the year 1816.
tariff
It was passed in 1816 due to the flood of cheap ________ products entering the country.
British
The ____-Bagot Treaty was an agreement between England and the US not to have armed fleets on the Great Lakes, and is still in effect.
Rush
The Rush-Bagot Treaty led to the removal of British and American fleets from the Great Lakes after the War of _____.
1812
In ____, Andrew Jackson led an army into Spanish-controlled Florida and occupied Pensacola, violating international law.
1817
Andrew Jackson led an army into ________, and hung two British men he suspected of selling arms to the Indians.
Florida
In the ____-Onis Treaty signed in 1819, the US got control of Spanish Florida in return for $5 million.
ADAM
The Adam-Onis Treaty stated that the Spanish surrendered their claims to Florida in return for $__ million from the US government.
5
The ______ Doctrine stated that North and South America were no longer open to colonization by European countries.
MONROE
President Monroe made an announcement known as the Monroe Doctrine in _____, which in a sense was the United State's declaration of economic independence.
1823
Marbury vs Madison established the Supreme Court's power to rule on the _________________ of laws.
constitutionality
Marbury vs Madison, in 1803, was ruled by the first Supreme Court Justice _______________.
JOHN MARSHALL
________ vs Peck (1810) was the first time a state law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
FLETCHER
Dartmouth College v. Woodward limited the power of state governments to control ____________.
CORPORATIONS
In the case Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) the New Hampshire State Legislature had passed laws amending the college charter which specified the college would have 12 trustees. The legislature changed the number to 21 and also appointed 25 overseers and gave the State general supervision of college affairs. The Supreme Court declared the State laws unconstitutional ruling that the laws violated the constitutional clause which prohibits States from passing any law which interferes with the obligation of __________.
CONTRACTS
Several rulings made by Chief Justice _____________ weakened state powers through cases such as McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden.
John Marshall
Chief Justice John Marshall first established the power of the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws enacted by Congress, and then showed the power of federal courts to rule on the actions of individual states as well. For example, in ________ v. Ogden, he prevented New York from regulating interstate commerce.
GIBBONS
_________ v. Maryland established that the state does not have the power to regulate a federal agency.
McCulloch
McCulloch vs Maryland was a ruling by John _________ in 1819.
MARSHALL
Gibbons vs Ogden was a ruling by John Marshall that only Congress has the right to regulate __________ commerce.
interstate
Gibbons vs Ogden in 1824 was in response to a _________ which New York had granted to Ogden to operate a steamboat between New York and New Jersey.
MONOPOLY
The Missouri Compromise, worked out by Speaker of the House __________, brought Missouri and Maine into the Union as states.
Henry Clay,

The Missouri Compromise brought Missouri in as a slave state, and Maine as a free state. Also, it divided the Louisiana Purchase with a line--slavery would be ___________ in states which came in from above that line.


prohibited
The first state to be formed from the _________ Territory was Missouri.
Louisiana
The Missouri Territory applied for statehood in 1819, and resulted in the _________ Compromise.
Missouri
Robert Fulton made the first _________ in 1807.
STEAMBOAT
Robert Fulton's steamboat, the _________, was built in 1807.
CLERMONT
The ________ Road, which connected Cumberland, Maryland, and Wheeling, Virginia, linking the Potomac and Ohio Rivers, was built in 1818.
National
The National Road was financed by the ________ government.
FEDERAL
The ____ Canal connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie, and was the first canal built in the United States
ERIE
The Erie Canal was built in _____.
1825
By 1830, New York City was the US's _______ city.
LARGEST
New York City was a large center for trade and business and dominated the domestic _______ market.
COTTON
Samuel Slater built the first _______ mill in the US based on plans he memorized from English designs
TEXTILE
Samuel Slater built the first textile mill--this was a big step in the rise of __________ in the US.
FACTORIES
In 1793 an American, Eli Whitney, invented the ______ gin
COTTON
This was an engine that __________ the fibers of raw cotton from the seeds and enabled a single slave to do what had previously required the hand labor of fifty slaves.
SEPARATED
Eli Whitney developed not only the cotton gin, but the principle of interchangeable parts, which is used in _______________.
mass-production.
Eli Whitney's invention of interchangeable parts was first applied towards mass-producing _______.
RIFLES
In 1828, the first organized strike occurred in __________.
NEW JERSEY
______ workers started the first organized strike in the US in 1828.
CHILD
The ________ Compromise brought Missouri into the Union as a slave state.
Missouri
Missouri came in as a slave state, and Maine entered as a free state. Also, under the Missouri Compromise, slavery was prohibited in states north of the 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude line, with the exception of Missouri. This Compromise was later _________ by the Kansas-Nebraska Act
REPEALED
The best known American writer in the United States in the early 1800's was _________________.
Washington Irving.
Washington Irving, who wrote stories such as Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle, was the best known American author. At that time, people mostly read books imported from _______.
EUROPE
In 1805, History of the Revolution was published by _________________.
Mercy Otis Warren
Mercy Otis Warren published a ______-volume book, the History of the Revolution
MULTI
The Second Great Awakening began in 1801 in ________ in a religious "camp meeting."
KENTUCKY
The Second Great Awakening began in 1801, and led to a religious revival in the United States. The ______ Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals which occurred between 1720-1740. A leading preacher of the First Great Awakening was Jonathan Edwards, who preached the famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" in 1741. A Calvinist preacher, he spoke on how dangerously close to hell all the people were, in this well-known example of fire and brimstone preaching. This excerpt from the sermon gives a good idea of what the sermon was like: "God has laid himself under no obligation, by any promise to keep any natural man out of hell one moment."
FIRST
____________, John Quincy Adams' vice president (and later vice president under Andrew Jackson), anonymously published South Carolina Exposition and Protest.
John Calhoun
John Calhoun, in opposition to what was known as the "Tariff of ______________, "anonymously published South Carolina Exposition and Protest," stating his theory that states could ignore laws they considered unconstitutional.

He was the last vice president to have served under two different presidents.
Abominations,
The Democratic Party first appeared in 1828, when John Quincy Adams was running against ______________ for president.
Andrew Jackson
John Quincy Adams was running as a National ___________, and Andrew Jackson was running as a Democratic Republican, which later became the Democratic Party.
REPUBLICAN
President Andrew Jackson relied on his "_______ Cabinet" instead of his appointed cabinet officials
KITCHEN
President Andrew Jackson relied on his Kitchen Cabinet, which were a group of ___________ he trusted and listened to
SUPPORTERS
The Spoils system was President Andrew Jackson's belief that government offices should go to political __________.
SUPPORTERS
Andrew ________ believed that "common" people could fill government positions, and as a result, he had the idea that he could replace most government employees with his supporters. This was known as the spoils system.
JACKSON
Andrew Jackson was the _____ president to use his veto power extensively.
FIRST
Andrew Jackson used his veto power more than any previous president. An example is the __________ Road, which Jackson vetoed on the grounds that it required federal funds, but would only exist in one state.
MAYSVILLE
The Indian _______ Act was passed in 1830 under President Andrew Jackson and called for federal enforcement of the removal of all Indian tribes to the west of the Mississippi.
REMOVAL
The Trail of Tears was where the US Government forced thousands of _________ to march west, many of them dying in the process
CHEROKEES
This forced march is known as the Trail of Tears. Under President Jackson, the Cherokees were forced to move, despite the decision upheld by the Supreme Court stating that the Cherokees were a __________ political entity within Georgia.
SOVERIEGN
In 1830, there was a debate between Senator Hayne, and ______________. The Senator spoke of South Carolina's right to nullification.
Daniel Webster
Senator Hayne spoke of the possibility of nullification, which is the idea that a state can nullify, or _______ federal laws which it considers unconstitutional.
IGNORE
One of the views on how power should be _______ between the states and the national government is called Dual Federalism, and only grants the national government the powers specifically stated in the Constitution.
DIVIDED
Dual federalism says that the national government has whatever powers are specifically granted in the Constitution, and all other powers belong to the states. It also tends to involve the ideas of nullification--states can nullify laws passed by Congress, and __________--states can withdraw from the Union if their right to nullification is blocked.
SECESSION
Andrew Jackson's vice president, ____________, resigned after Jackson supported the Tariff of 1832.
John Calhoun
John Calhoun, who had also been ___________________' Vice President, resigned his office when Jackson supported the new tariff. He then came up with the Ordinance of Nullification, in which South Carolina ignored the tariff.
John Quincy Adams'
President ______________ caused the downfall of the Bank of the United States.
Andrew Jackson
President Andrew Jackson achieved this by withdrawing government deposits from the Bank, and then letting its ________ expire in 1836
CHARTER
President Jackson's successor, ________________, recommended the establishment of the Treasury to handle government funds.
Martin Van Buren
President Van Buren spent his entire term attempting to deal with the financial turmoil which resulted from the destruction of the Bank of the United States. He convinced Congress to establish an _____________ Treasury to handle government money.
independent
With the development of the steamboats, traffic on western rivers, especially the Mississippi River, _________ dramatically.
increased
Steamboats were of particular value on the western rivers, where previously, traffic went downstream with the current. This new, efficient transportation resulted in new _____________ and economies developing along the Mississippi River.
COMMUNITIES
Canals became popular because the transportation they provided was so _____.
CHEAP
Canals were popular because a huge ______ could be towed along the canal by a single horse or mule. They were not as fast as the railroads, but they were significantly cheaper. The most famous canal, the Erie Canal, reached its peak traffic in 1880, long after railroads spanned the Northeastern United States.
barge
President William Harrison served the ________ term of any president in US history.
SHORTEST
President William Harrison caught __________ and died one month after becoming president
pneumonia
Out of the political parties, the Democrats were against a large federal government, and appealed to the small farmers and _______ class.
WORKING
The Democrats' primary supporters were small ________ and working class people.
FARMERS
The Whigs, which was the political party of President ________, received most of their support from big business, and wealthy plantation owners.
HARRISON
The Whigs were a political party who appealed to the business and industry in the Northeast, and large Southern planters. Their policies were heavy government involvement in promoting commercial and industrial _______, and a cautious approach to Western expansion.
GROWTH
Reform movements were big in the __________ century. These movements were mostly centered in the Northeastern portion of the country, especially New England.
NINETEENTH CENTURY
New England could be considered the _______ of many of the reform movements occurring in the nineteenth century
CENTER
The _____________ movement emphasized rationalism and was a big movement in the 18th century. Romanticism, which emphasized emotions over rationalism, was also a major movement.
ENLIGHTENMENT
Romanticism went ________ many of the beliefs of Enlightenment.
AGAINST
The Free Soil Party, Liberty Party, and the __________ Party all opposed slavery
REPUBLICAN
All three parties opposed slavery, or more specifically, the __________ of slavery into new territories.
EXPANSION
Ralph Waldo Emerson and David Thoreau were among the most famous advocates of the _________________ movement in the 1830's and 1840's.
transcendentalist
The Transcendentalist movement was a religious movement which believed in attaining unity with God without the _______. In addition to being a transcendentalist, Thoreau was a naturalist and an author. He loved nature, and wrote, "Each town should have a park, or rather a primitive forest, of 500 or a thousand acres, where a stick should never be cut for fuel, a common possession forever, for instruction and recreation."
CHURCH
The _______ movement was in response to the rise of impersonal industrialism. It involved trying to create the perfect community in social, political, and moral aspects.
UTOPIAN
This was known as the Utopian movement. A utopia is an ideally ________ place in politics, laws, and the moral aspects.
PERFECT
American writers from the 1800's who emphasized individuality and an intuitive spirituality, for example ___________________ and Henry David Thoreau, were known as Transcendentalists.
EMERSON
Transcendentalist writers emphasized nature, _______________ and the individual.
self-reliance
The _______ were the most successful of the efforts in the 19th century to establish a separate community which was perfect.
MORMONS
The Mormons established __________ City after being driven out of Illinois. Their practice of polygamy was one of the biggest reasons they were unpopular with their neighbors.
SALT LAKE
Joseph Smith organized the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, also known as the _______.
MORMONS
Joseph Smith organized the Mormon Church. He was later killed by a mob in Illinois, and a man named _______________ led the group to settle in Utah
Brigham Young
Dorothea Dix started a crusade to improve conditions for the ________ ill.
MENTALLY
The true beginning of the modern feminist movement was with the meeting in 1848 in ____________, New York, where the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions was made.
SENECA FALLS
_________________________, one of the major activists in the women's right movement, along with others, resulted in the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions. This document demanded equal rights for women. Many supporters of women's rights believed that the Declaration's push for women's suffrage would cause the movement to lose a lot of public support.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
William Lloyd Garrison published a newspaper called The _________. This paper was devoted to the abolition of slavery.
LIBERATOR
Garrison also greatly influenced an ex-slave, ____________________. As a young boy, Frederick received some reading lessons from his mistress and local boys, because he believed that it was the key to his freedom. As a man, Douglass regularly attended Abolitionist meetings, and in 1841, Frederick Douglass heard Garrison speak at one. He was so impressed, that Douglass later stated, "no face and form ever impressed me with such sentiments as did those of William Lloyd Garrison." Douglass would go on to become a great abolitionist orator, and a great influence on President Lincoln's decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Frederick Douglass
The American Colonization Society was an early attempt to solve the slavery problem by sending the Black people back to ______.
AFRICA
The American Colonization Society received federal funding, established the republic of ________ in Africa, and tried to purchase slaves and offer them passage to Liberia.
LIBERIA
One of the most influential books for the anti-slavery movement was _____________________'s Uncle Tom's Cabin.
Harriet Beecher Stowe's
The fastest growing area of the United States in the 1800's was the ____.
WEST
The West was growing rapidly, reaching a population of 32 ________ in 1860
MILLION
Over 200,000 free blacks lived in the US by ____.
1850
They usually established their own churches and organizations due to the restrictions of prejudice and "_________" laws
JIM CROW
The Northeastern portion of the US produced most of the ____________ goods, and led the way in industrial growth.
manufactured
The Northeastern portion of the US was where most of the factories were located, and produced over ___________ of the manufactured goods.
two-thirds
In Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842) the Supreme Court ruled that the ______________ Act (1793) must be enforced by Federal authorities alone. State authorities could not be forced to act.
Fugitive Slave
According to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 hindering arrest or harboring a runaway slave was punishable by a fine of five hundred dollars. Local magistrates were instructed to return runaway slaves to their owner once proof of ownership had been established. Suspected runaway slaves were not authorized trial by jury or given the right to ________.
TESTIFY
________ destiny was the belief that eventually the United States would stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
MANIFEST
Manifest Destiny was the idea that America should spread from the East Coast all the way to the West Coast, and motivated _______ expansion.
WESTERN
Manifest Destiny was a spirit of superiority and American pride; it involved a belief that Americans were superior to the Native Americans occupying the land, and the need to _______ American democracy and culture.
SPREAD
In 1836, what was known as the gag rule was passed in the House of Representatives, forbidding discussion of _______ in the House.
SLAVERY
Due to the rising ________ between the North and the South over the issue of slavery, Southern representatives came up with the "gag" rule.
TENSION
Texas was originally a part of Mexico, but established itself as an independent republic after ___________ defeated Mexican dictator Santa Anna.
SAM HOUSTON
Texas was a part of Mexico, but eventually there were more Americans living there than Mexicans. The Texans fought for their independence and established their own _________.
REPUBLIC
The one member of the cabinet who did not resign immediately after President _____ vetoed a number of Whig-sponsored bills was Daniel Webster.
TYLER
Daniel Webster was Secretary of State, and stayed around long enough to finish his Webster-Ashburton Treaty with ________. He also resigned after negotiating the treaty.
ENGLAND
The first serious impeachment attempt on a President was made while President _____ was in office.
TYLER
John Tyler, who became President after __________________ died, was in opposition to all of the Whig Party's major ideas, vetoing many Whig-sponsored bills. He was expelled from the Whig Party and the Whigs tried to impeach him.
William Harrison
President John Tyler managed to get _____ admitted into the Union just before he left office.
TEXAS
Texas had gained independence from Mexico in 1836, but the United States refused to make it a state because of the issue of ________. President Tyler finally got Texas admitted in 1845
SLAVERY
Before 1846, ______ was shared by Britain and the United States. Americans wanted all of this state, and President Polk's stance on this issue helped win him the presidency.
OREGON
President Polk endorsed the _______ Treaty which extended the US boundary to the Pacific Ocean and established a portion of Oregon as belonging to the United States.
OREGON
Under the leadership of Brigham Young, the Mormons left Illinois and settled in Utah, which was then a part of ______.
MEXICO
Brigham Young led the Mormons from Illinois after Joseph Smith was killed. He then established the Mormon Republic of ________.
DESERET
One of the major causes of the _______ War was the dispute over the southern boundary of Texas.
MEXICAN
The US claimed the ___________ River as the southern boundary of Texas, while Mexico claimed it was 130 miles north of the Rio Grande. The fact that the US had admitted Texas into the Union also angered Mexico.
RIO GRANDE
As a result of the Mexican War, the dream of ________ Destiny was fulfilled--the United States gained ports on the Pacific Coast.
MANIFEST
As a result of the Mexican War, the U.S. controlled all three of the major west-coast natural harbors. Texas had already been annexed by the United States before the Mexican War ever occurred, but the U.S. gained all of the land stretching from New Mexico to California through the Treaty of __________ Hidalgo.
Guadalupe
Under President Polk, the United States declared war on ______.
MEXICO
President Polk asked Congress to declare war on Mexico after a conflict between Mexican and American troops in ______.
TEXAS
General ______________ led the largest force of American soldiers into Mexico during the Mexican War.
ZACHARY TAYLOR
General Zachary Taylor led an army into Mexico, winning several major battles against much _______ Mexican forces
LARGER
The treaty of _________-Hidalgo ended the Mexican War.
Guadalupe
The Mexican War was ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. This resulted in Mexico giving the "Mexican ________" to the US, which included what is now the Southwestern US.
CESSION
General Winfield Scott landed on Mexico's east coast, and captured ______ City.
MEXICO
General Winfield Scott was ordered by President _____ to take Mexico City in an attempt to force Mexico to negotiate a treaty.
POLK
The election of ____ is often remembered by historians as the first modern presidential campaign, focusing more on images and slogans than on actual issues.
1840
The winner of the election was General William Harrison, a hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) and the first elected member of the Whig Party. During the campaign, Harrison (who had no political experience) was ridiculed by the Democrats as an "Old Granny" who would enjoy nothing more than sipping cider and spending his old age in a log cabin. The sarcasm backfired and the Whigs presented Harrison as a rugged frontiersman and defender of all those living in log cabins while accusing the Democrat candidate (Van Buren) of being an aristocrat. The Whig's political slogan that year was "___________ and Tyler Too."
"Tippecanoe