Us History Final Semester 2

Front 1

vertical consolidation (and who used it)

Back 1

used by Carnegie Steel Company. Business strategy that involves controlling different industries of each phase of a product.

Front 2

horizontal consolidation (and who used it)

Back 2

used by Standard Oil Company. It involved combining different forms of the same business to defeat competition.

Front 3

Pennsylvania 1859

Back 3

Rockefeller drilled his first oil well, & started his refinery business

Front 4

fracking

Back 4

putting toxins into the ground to remove oil

Front 5

corporations (& when the idea was created)

Back 5

created in the late 1800s. Purpose is to make money for investors & beat their competition.

Front 6

Pinkertons

Back 6

undercover cops hired by companies

Front 7

Triangle ShirtWaist Company fire (and when)

Back 7

1911. Garment factory in NYC that had bad safety conditions and raised awareness after >100 people died in a fire

Front 8

Industrialization (dates)

Back 8

1860s - early 1900s

Front 9

Imperialism (dates & president)

Back 9

1898- ?. President McKinley. He wrote to Congress asking to go to war with Spain.

Front 10

Spanish-American War (and date)

Back 10

1898. war between US and Spain over Cuban territory. US achieved success.

Front 11

Sinking of the USS Maine (date)

Back 11

1898. a US ship that sank in Havana, Cuba, and the US thought that the Spanish did it so they attacked

Front 12

San Juan Hill

Back 12

successful battle in Cuba led by Teddy Roosevelt that led him to become a hero in the US

Front 13

Manila Bay (date)

Back 13

1898. Admiral Dewey destroyed Spanish fleet & took control of the Philippines

Front 14

Emiliano Aguinaldo

Back 14

turned against the US and created war between US and the Philippines. rebel leader.

Front 15

Progressivism [dates & presidents & purpose (4)]

Back 15

1890-1920. Presidents Teddy Roosevelt & Taft. Purpose: give people more say in government, limit power of large corporations, provide minimal support to the vulnerable, & protect the environment

Front 16

Initiative process

Back 16

created by Hiram Johnson, citizens can place an item on a ballot for direct voting & can also create petitions

Front 17

Referendum

Back 17

created by Hiram Johnson, voters could veto a law

Front 18

Recall

Back 18

created by Hiram Johnson, voters could remove an elected state/local official from office

Front 19

Mothers' pensions

Back 19

small amounts of $$$ for women who didn't have male support

Front 20

Muller v. Oregon (date)

Back 20

1908. court case on restrictions of work hours, & it passed for women b/c they are so "delicate".

Front 21

Sherman Antitrust Act (date)

Back 21

1898. allowed government to take over monopolies.

Front 22

Northern Securities Co. & Teddy Roosevelt

Back 22

3 railroad companies that joined together to create a monopoly, and Teddy destroyed that & separated them again

Front 23

Environmental Reform

Back 23

Teddy created wildlife preserves & national parks & also managed natural resources

Front 24

Standard Oil Company & Taft

Back 24

Taft broke up the most powerful monopoly of that time

Front 25

16th Amendment

Back 25

Congress can tax individual incomes.

Front 26

Tariffs

Back 26

taxes on imports such as stamps, alcohol, & gasoline

Front 27

Regressive tax

Back 27

everyone pays the same amount of $$$ on taxes. this affects the poor more than the rich.

Front 28

Progressive tax

Back 28

richer people pay more $$$ on taxes, poorer people pay less.

Front 29

World War 1 (dates, president)

Back 29

1914-1918. War between Central Powers & Allied Powers. President Wilson.

Front 30

Central Powers (3)

Back 30

Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, & Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

Front 31

Allied Powers / Entente (7)

Back 31

France, Great Britain, Italy, Russia, Serbia, US, & Japan

Front 32

Sinking of the Lusitania

Back 32

Germans believed the Lusitania was carrying weapons for the British allies, so they sank it (they were right).

Front 33

1920s (presidents)

Back 33

Harding, Coolidge, Hoover. Known as the Roaring 20s. Investors were making $$$ in the stock market.

Front 34

Economic Danger Signs (3)

Back 34

1. Highly unequal distribution of wealth
2. Overproduction
3. Speculation on the stock market

Front 35

Great Depression (dates & presidents)

Back 35

1929-1930s. Stock market crashed. Everyone lost their earnings. Presidents: Hoover & FDR.

Front 36

Small government conservatism

Back 36

against taxes. believed that business corrects its own abuses without government interference in the economy.

Front 37

recession

Back 37

when the economy declines

Front 38

depression

Back 38

when the economy really crashes

Front 39

New Deal (date)

Back 39

1932. Proposed by FDR. The government should limit the power of corporations, regulate the economy, & provide a "social safety net" for its citizens.

Front 40

Glass-Steagall Act

Back 40

created in the 1930s, repealed in 1999 which caused the 2008 recession. Limited banks from doing what they wanted with people's $$$.

Front 41

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (date)

Back 41

created in 1933. Makes sure that $$$ in banks are secure.

Front 42

Keynesian economics

Back 42

John Maynard Keynes wanted to lower interest rates to stimulate the economy, & increase rates to stabilize it.

Front 43

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Back 43

organization that provided 3 million people with jobs.

Front 44

Social Security Act (date)

Back 44

1935. Insurance aid to the disabled, elderly, and poor families

Front 45

World War 2 (dates & president)

Back 45

1939-1945. President: FDR.

Front 46

Pearl Harbor (date)

Back 46

1941. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Motivated FDR to join the war.

Front 47

Axis (WWII) (3)

Back 47

Germany, Italy, & Japan.

Front 48

Allies (WWII) (3)

Back 48

US, Great Britain, & USSR.

Front 49

Manhattan Project

Back 49

secret labs around the US with 120,000 people working on a nuclear bomb.

Front 50

United Nations (date)

Back 50

created in 1945 to establish peace among all nations.

Front 51

WASP

Back 51

White Anglo-Saxon Protestants, the "superior" ones.

Front 52

National Origins Act (date)

Back 52

1924. This law limited the number of immigrants who could enter the US.

Front 53

Cold War (MIP)

Back 53

A war between the US & the Soviet Union for world power. Most Important President: Truman.

Front 54

Fordism

Back 54

created by Henry Ford. The idea of paying your employees more so that they can afford to buy your product. (Ford cars)

Front 55

liberty bonds

Back 55

bonds sold to people of allied powers to raise $$ for WWI

Front 56

Lochner v. New York

Back 56

limited # of hours someone could work. due to the 14th amendment.

Front 57

Women's Christian Temperance Union

Back 57

temperance movement, group that supported prohibition

Front 58

Zimmerman note

Back 58

a telegram released from the Germans that said if Mexico declared war on the US, they will be rewarded

Front 59

Social Welfare Programs

Back 59

programs that provided little support for Americans. Helped to provide food, money, education, shelter, healthcare, etc.

Front 60

Operation Rolling Thunder

Back 60

plan designed to get rid of transportation routes in Vietnam and halt people & supplies from being able to travel to & from north & south Vietnam

Front 61

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Back 61

allowed US to expand Vietnam war.

Front 62

Tet Offensive

Back 62

campaign of surprise attacks against military & civilian command & control centers against South Vietnam & the US

Front 63

Vietnamization

Back 63

removing US troops from Vietnam & replacing them with South Vietnamese soldiers

Front 64

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Back 64

a supply route that connected North & South Vietnam

Front 65

resolution of Vietnam war

Back 65

2 years after Vietnamization, South Vietnam fell to communism & remains communist today

Front 66

supply side economics (trickle down economics)

Back 66

cutting taxes for wealthy Americans, in hopes that they will expand business & create jobs

Front 67

deregulation (& who started it)

Back 67

started by Carter. opposite of FDR's New Deal.

Front 68

Reagan Revolution

Back 68

Reagan overturned the 40 year old policies and replaced them with conservative policies

Front 69

Consequences of supply side economics (5)

Back 69

short term economic growth, rising inequality, ballooning deficits, ballooning federal debt, we became a debtor nation.

Front 70

The Shah

Back 70

ruler of Iran in late 70s. We supported his regime. the iranians revolted against him, so we decided to help Iraq. we helped them acquire nuclear & chemical weapons.

Front 71

The Gulf War

Back 71

war against the US and Iraq. US's response to Iraq invasion of Kuwait. the UN required that Iraq destroy all their weapons of mass destruction

Front 72

Iraq War (date)

Back 72

2003. We believed that there were still weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, so we went to war. there weren't any.