U.s History Final Exam

Front 1

1. Prohibition

Back 1

a ban on alcohol that became law in 1920

Front 2

2. Bonus Army

Back 2

An assemblage of some 43,000 marchers — 17,000 World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups, who protested in Washington, D.C., in spring and summer of 1932.

Front 3

3. Margin

Back 3

Buying stocks with loans from stockbrokers

Front 4

4. Black Tuesday

Back 4

Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the day that the stock market crashed

Front 5

5. Dust Bowl

Back 5

a nickname for the Great Plains regions hit by drought and dust storms

Front 6

6. Hundred Days

Back 6

the first 100 days of F.D.R's term as president during which Roosevelt implemented many new programs

Front 7

7. Soup Kitchen

Back 7

place where food is offered to the poor and homeless for free or at a reasonably low price.

Front 8

8. Hoovervilles

Back 8

makeshift shantytowns that sprung up during the Great Depression

Front 9

9. Okies

Back 9

nickname for a farmer who left the Dust Bowl in search of work

Front 10

10. Unemployment

Back 10

not having a job

Front 11

11. Herbert Hoover

Back 11

Helped save Europe from starvation after WW1 but as president failed to deal effectively with the Great Depression

Front 12

12. F.D.R

Back 12

Elected president 4 times. Led the U.S during the Great Depression and World War II

Front 13

13. Eleanor Roosevelt

Back 13

Social reformer, writer, and diplomat. Supported equal rights for women and African Americans. Serves as 1st U.S ambassador to the U.N

Front 14

14. Fireside Chats

Back 14

series of thirty evening radio speeches given by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt

Front 15

15. New Deal

Back 15

plan by F.D.R intended to bring economic relief, recovery, and reforms to the country after the depression

Front 16

16. Relief, Recovery, and Reform

Back 16

Relief: for those suffering the effects of the G.D
Recovery: of the depressed economy
Reforms: help prevent serious economic crises in the future

Front 17

17. Code Talkers

Back 17

American navajos who served in the Marines during WWII, translated important military messages into a coded version of their language

Front 18

18. Internment Camps

Back 18

name for the forced relocation and confinement of Japanese Americans to concentration camps

Front 19

19. Iwo Jima

Back 19

a WWII battle between japanese forces and invading U.S troops

Front 20

20. Okinawa

Back 20

WWII battle between japanese forces and invading U.S troops

Front 21

21. Coral Sea

Back 21

Battle that featured the one part of the pacific fleet that had not been badly damaged at Pearl Harbor. Took place Japanese forces were preparing to invade the British island of New Guinea.

Front 22

22. Midway

Back 22

key naval and air battle between Japanese and U.S forces during WWII

Front 23

23. Zoot Suit Riots

Back 23

series of attacks by U.S sailors against Mexican Americans in L.A

Front 24

24. Nagasaki

Back 24

U.S dropped a second bomb at Nagasaki after Hiroshima

Front 25

25. Hiroshima

Back 25

U.S dropped first atomic bond on Hiroshima

Front 26

26. Manhattan Project

Back 26

top-secret program to build an atomic bomb during WWII

Front 27

27. D-day/Operation Overload

Back 27

June 6, 1944, the first day of the Allied invasion of Normandy in WWII

Front 28

28. Battle of the Bulge

Back 28

WWII battle between Germany and the Allied forces

Front 29

29. Tuskegee Airmen

Back 29

unit of African American pilots that fought in WWII.

Front 30

30. Kamikaze

Back 30

In WWII, a pilot who agreed to load his aircraft with bombs and crash it on an enemy ship

Front 31

31. Holocaust

Back 31

killing of millions of Jews and others by Nazis during WWII

Front 32

32. Yalta

Back 32

meeting between F.D.R, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin to reach an agreement on w hat to do with Germany after WWII

Front 33

33. Adolph Hitler

Back 33

Totalitarian dictator of Germany

Front 34

34. Benito Mussolini

Back 34

Italian Fascist leader. Alliance with Hitler brought Italy into WWII

Front 35

35. Joseph Stalin

Back 35

Totalitarian dictator of the Soviet Union.

Front 36

36. Winston Churchill

Back 36

British prime minister, opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain through WWII

Front 37

37. Douglas MacArthur

Back 37

American general, commanded U.S troops in the Southwest Pacific during WWII. Removed by Truman

Front 38

38. Dwight Eisenhower

Back 38

Led the D-Day invasion of France, and commanded the Allied forces in Europe during WWII

Front 39

39. George Marshall

Back 39

American general and politician. Led U.S mobilization for WWII. Developed Marshall Plan

Front 40

40. Harry Truman

Back 40

Led the U.S through the end of WWII and the beginning of the Cold War

Front 41

41. Atlantic Charter

Back 41

Statement of American and British goals for the defeat of the Nazis and their vision for the postwar world

Front 42

42. Wolf Pack

Back 42

tactic in which submarines hunt as a group and attack at night

Front 43

43. Blitzkrieg

Back 43

German word meaning "lightning war"

Front 44

44. Maginot Line

Back 44

string of bunkers and fortresses that lined the border between France and Germany during WWII

Front 45

45. Luftwaffe

Back 45

German airforce

Front 46

46. Rosie the Riveter

Back 46

popular symbol for the working woman during WWII

Front 47

47. Chiang Kai-Shek

Back 47

Leader of the Chinese nationalist gov't and a strong U.S ally

Front 48

48. Mao Zedong

Back 48

Leader of the Chinese Communists

Front 49

49. Marshall Plan

Back 49

plan for the reconstruction of Europe after WWI

Front 50

50. Truman Doctrine

Back 50

President Truman's pledge to provide economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism

Front 51

51. Nikita Khrushchev

Back 51

Leader of the Soviet Union during the building of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Front 52

52. Klaus Fuchs

Back 52

atomic spy who in 1950 was convicted of supplying information from the British and American atomic bomb research to the USSR during and shortly after World War II

Front 53

53. Richard Nixon

Back 53

Vice President of Dwight D. Eisenhower

Front 54

54. HUAC

Back 54

committee formed in the House of Representatives to investigate radical groups in the U.S, focused on threat of communism in the U.S

Front 55

55. Whittaker Chambers

Back 55

Communist spy who accused Alger Hiss

Front 56

56. Jospeh McCarthy

Back 56

U.S senator from Wisconsin, aggressively charged that Communists were working in the u.s gov't

Front 57

57. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Back 57

convicted of passing miliatary secrets to the soviets,

Front 58

58. Alger Hiss

Back 58

Accused of participating in a communist spy ring.

Front 59

59. Red Scare

Back 59

widespread fear of communism

Front 60

60. Hollywood Ten

Back 60

Hollywood wrtiers and directors who were thought to be radicals and called before HUAC

Front 61

61. George Kennan

Back 61

Developed the policy of containment to counter Soviet expansion after WWII

Front 62

62. John Foster Dulles

Back 62

Secretary of State under Dwight Eisenhower. Favored building up the American nuclear arsenal as part of an effort to decrease Soviet influence around the world

Front 63

63. Winston Churchill

Back 63

British Prime Minister, opposed policy of appeasement

Front 64

64. Berlin Airlift

Back 64

program in which the U.S and Britain shipped supplies by air to West Berlin during a Soviet blockade of all routes to the city

Front 65

65. Sputnik

Back 65

first artificial satellite, launched by soviets

Front 66

66. Francis Gary Powers

Back 66

U-2 spy planes pilot

Front 67

67. ICBM's

Back 67

intercontinental ballistic missiles

Front 68

68. American Bandstand

Back 68

television show, young people dancing to rock'n'roll

Front 69

69. Elvis Presley

Back 69

rock'n'roll singer

Front 70

70. Lucille Ball

Back 70

Actress and star of I Love Lucy

Front 71

71. James Dean

Back 71

Film Star, rebel who defied social norms

Front 72

72. Beat Generation

Back 72

Rejected social norms

Front 73

73. Jonas Salk

Back 73

discovered polio vaccine

Front 74

74. Levittown

Back 74

new suburban developments

Front 75

75. UN

Back 75

international organization that encourages cooperation among nations and prevent future wars

Front 76

76. Douglas MacArthur

Back 76

commanded UN forces at the start of the Korean War

Front 77

77. Harry Truman

Back 77

Led the U.S thro the end of WWII and beginning of Cold War

Front 78

78. Dwight Eisenhower

Back 78

Commanded the allied forces in europe during WWII

Front 79

79. China

Back 79

Attacked U.S

Front 80

80. Syngham Rhee

Back 80

South Korea's President

Front 81

81. Kim II Sung

Back 81

North Korea's First president

Front 82

82. Richard Nixon

Back 82

VP under Eisenhower

Front 83

83. Television Debates

Back 83

first tv debates between JFK and Nixon

Front 84

84. John Kennedy

Back 84

Youngest president, roman catholic

Front 85

85. The New Frontier

Back 85

nickname given to JFK's plans for changing the nation

Front 86

86. Bobby Kennedy

Back 86

Attorney general during JFK's presidency

Front 87

87. Bay of Pigs

Back 87

attempt by Cuban exiles in southern Cuba to overthrow the cuban socialist gov't of fidel castro

Front 88

88. Berlin Wall

Back 88

physical barrier completely encircling West Berlin, separating it from the German Democratic Republic (GDR) (East Germany), including East Berlin.

Front 89

89. Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 89

several days during which the U.S teetered on the bring of nuclear war with the Soviet Union

Front 90

90. Peace Corps

Back 90

program that trains and sends volunteers to poor nations all over the world to serve as educators, health care workers, etc

Front 91

91. Lee Harvey Oswald

Back 91

accused assassin of JFK

Front 92

92. Jack Ruby

Back 92

He was convicted on March 14, 1964, of the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald

Front 93

93. Warren Commission

Back 93

established by Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the assassination of JFK

Front 94

94. Lyndon Johnson

Back 94

took office after JFK died

Front 95

95. The Great Society

Back 95

term for the domestic programs of the Johnson admin

Front 96

96. The War on Poverty

Back 96

set of programs introduced by Johnson to fight poverty

Front 97

97. Martin Luther King

Back 97

american civil rights leader

Front 98

98. Stokely Carmichael

Back 98

black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement. He rose to prominence first as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and later as the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party.

Front 99

99. Laurie Prichett

Back 99

Albany Police chief who studied MLK's tactics

Front 100

100. Malcolm X

Back 100

supporter of the nation of Islam

Front 101

101. Rosa Parks

Back 101

Bus boycott

Front 102

102. Jim Clark

Back 102

activist

Front 103

103. Jackie Robinson

Back 103

First black baseball player

Front 104

104. Eugene "Bull" Conner

Back 104

police official during the American Civil Rights Movement. He was a member of the KKK, used firehoses

Front 105

105. James Earl Ray

Back 105

convicted of killing MLK

Front 106

106. James Meredith

Back 106

attempted to enroll at the Uni of Missis, was rejected due to race

Front 107

107. Medgar Evans

Back 107

head of the NAACP in Miss.

Front 108

108. Thurgood Marshall

Back 108

first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Before becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best remembered for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education.

Front 109

109. Black Panthers

Back 109

group inspired by the idea of black power: radical

Front 110

110. Montgomery, Alabama

Back 110

Bus boycott

Front 111

111. Little Rock Nine

Back 111

9 african american students who first integrated central high in lil rock, arkansas

Front 112

112. Birmingham, Alabama

Back 112

campaign where AA were hosed down

Front 113

113. Selma, Alabama

Back 113

city of activism

Front 114

114. SNCC

Back 114

one of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement. SNCC played a major role in the sit-ins and freedom rides,

Front 115

115. NAACP

Back 115

organization to fight poverty, segregation

Front 116

116. Field Secretaries

Back 116

helpers of organizations

Front 117

117. Sit-ins

Back 117

strike in which workers refuse to work or leave the workplace until a settlement is reached

Front 118

118. Freedom Riders

Back 118

activists who challenged segregation in bus terminals

Front 119

119. Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 119

legal basis of segregation

Front 120

120. Brown v. Board of Education

Back 120

decision of the United States Supreme Court, which overturned earlier rulings going back to Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, by declaring that state laws that established separate public schools for black and white students denied black children equal educational opportunities.

Front 121

121. Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 121

act signed that banned discrimination in employment and in public accommodations

Front 122

122. Ho Chi Minh

Back 122

communist leader of North Vietnam

Front 123

123. Lyndon B. Johnsno

Back 123

president

Front 124

124. William Westmoreland

Back 124

commander of U.S ground troops in South Vietnam

Front 125

125. Richard Nixon

Back 125

presient during vietnam war, "Vietnamization"

Front 126

126. Bob Dylan

Back 126

key figure in music scene

Front 127

127. Eugene McCarthy

Back 127

Democratic presidential nomination against lyndon johnson

Front 128

128. Hubert Humphrey

Back 128

VP under Johnson, presidential candidate after Johnson decided not to seek re-election

Front 129

129. Ngo Dinh Diem

Back 129

South Vietnam's president

Front 130

130. Robert Kennedy

Back 130

campaigned for president, but got assassinated

Front 131

131. Henry Kisisnger

Back 131

political scientist, important foreign policy advisor

Front 132

132. William Calley

Back 132

U.S. Army officer found guilty of ordering the My Lai Massacre

Front 133

133. Agent Orange

Back 133

defoliant used by the U.S. military

Front 134

134. Dien Bien Phu

Back 134

French defeated by Vietminh

Front 135

135. Geneva Accords

Back 135

international meeting to restore peace in indochina

Front 136

136. Gulf of Tonkin

Back 136

U.S.S maddox attack

Front 137

137. Ho Chi Minh Trail

Back 137

trail used to send weapons, food, clothing to Vietminh

Front 138

138. Kent State

Back 138

protest at kent state college by students for the vietnam war

Front 139

139. My Lai

Back 139

massacre of hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians by american soldiers

Front 140

140. Rolling Thunder

Back 140

bombing campaing over N. Vietnam

Front 141

141. Tet

Back 141

series of massive coordinated attacks throughout S. Vietnam

Front 142

142. Viet Cong

Back 142

military forces of the NLF, group that wanted to overthrow the gov't in Vietnam

Front 143

143. Vietnamization

Back 143

plan to end Vietnam war that involved turning over the fighting to the south vietnamese while U.S troops gradually pulled out

Front 144

144. Haight-Ashbury

Back 144

st. in san fran. where hippes main protests were

Front 145

145. Woodstock

Back 145

huge concerts for hippes

Front 146

146. NLF

Back 146

military forces-called Vietcong

Front 147

147. Richard Nixon

Back 147

Resigned as president due to Watergate scandal

Front 148

148. Gerald Ford

Back 148

became president after the resignation of Nixon

Front 149

149. White House Tapes- Executive Privelege

Back 149

Nixon didn't release tapes because he said he had the right not too.

Front 150

150. Impeachment

Back 150

ocess for a legislative body to consider whether or not to forcibly remove a government official from office.