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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1607 – 1820 Immigration
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Major group: English
Push factors: Lack of jobs; religious persecution (Puritans, Pilgrims, Quakers) Pull factors: Jobs (indentured servants), religious freedom Reception: Most welcomed by existing immigrants |
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1821-1890 Immigration
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Major groups: Chinese, Irish, Germans
Push factors: starvation/disease (potato famines in Ireland and Germany) Pull factors: jobs, gold (Chinese) Reception: Irish and Chinese resented (took jobs, Irish were Catholic) Rise of “Nativism” (anti-immigrant feeling) |
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1891 - 1924 Immigration
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Major groups: Eastern Europeans, Greeks, Italians, Jews
Called the “New Immigrants” (distinguished from English, Irish, Germans) Push factors: Political persecution, religious persecution (Jews), lack of jobs Pull factors: political/religious freedom, jobs (“streets paved with gold”) Reception: resented (competed for jobs) |
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1924 - today Immigration
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Major groups: Asians, Central/Latin Americans
Push factors: lack of jobs, persecution Pull factors: jobs, political freedom Reception: generally resented (“stealing jobs”) Current controversy: undocumented/illegal immigration |
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Reasons/factors behind America’s industrialization
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Sparked by the Civil War (need for war equipment)
By 1900, the USA was the leading industrial power in the world |
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labor unions
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organization created to protect and promote workers’ rights
Reasons for rise of labor unions: Dangerous working conditions (no govt. health or safety regulations) Low pay/wages Long hours Child labor No unemployment or injury compensation Repetitive, boring work |
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Who were the Progressives?
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Middle-class, educated reformers from the cities. Women were at the forefront of reform
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What was the goal of the Progressives?
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Remedy injustices caused by industrialization
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The Muckrakers
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Journalists and photographers who exposed corrupt business practices, social and economic injustices
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Conservation
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Teddy Roosevelt-Creation of the National Park system
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Years of the Great Depression
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1929-1941
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Causes of the Great Depression
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Farmers struggled after prices dropped after WWI. American consumers were buying less. Many Americans bought goods on credit. Stock Market Crashed.
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Buying on margin
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Paying a small percentage of a stock’s price as a down payment and borrowing the rest
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Speculation
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Buying stocks & bonds hoping for a quick profit
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Black Tuesday
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October 29, 1929:The stock market crashes. 16.4 million shares of stock were sold that day – prices plummeted. People who had bought on margin (credit) were stuck with huge debts
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"rugged individualism"
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people should help themselves
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Hoover's plan during the Great Depression
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"rugged individualism"
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Imperialism
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When a stronger nation extends its economic, political, or military control over a weaker nation.
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Three causes of U.S. imperialism
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1.Economic reasons
2.Political and military competition with other nations 3.Belief in the racial and cultural superiority of whites |
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Causes of the Spanish-American War
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-Yellow journalism
-The De Lome letter -The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine |
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Yellow journalism
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Reporting that is exaggerated or sensationalized
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The De Lome letter
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Enrique De Lome – Spanish ambassador to Washington
The letter called Pres. McKinley “weak” and “low” The letter was stolen by Cubans, and published in the New York Journal. Made Americans very upset at the Spanish |
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The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
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The Maine was an American warship, stationed in Havana harbor in Cuba
Feb. 15, 1898 – The Maine explodes The “yellow” press immediately blames the Spanish for the explosion This is the “spark” that causes the USA to declare war on Spain |
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Territories America gained from Spanish-American war
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The Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Hawaii
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Platt Amendment
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Cuba becomes a protectorate of the USA
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Cause of Cold War between USA and USSR
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Each power distrusted the other – thought that the other side would “conquer” them
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Iron Curtain
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British Prime Minister Winston Churchill warns of an “iron curtain” dividing Europe
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Containment
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The USA must “contain” (limit) communism and prevent it from spreading
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Division of Germany and Berlin
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Germany = divided into two countries:
West Germany = democratic/allied with USA East Germany = communist/allied with USSR City of Berlin – divided between West Berlin (democratic) and East Berlin (communist) |
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Truman Doctrine
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Says the USA will assist “free peoples” against “totalitarian regimes” (USSR)
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Korean War
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Began when communist North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950 The USA enters the war on the side of South Korea
Congress never declared war = this was a “police action” |
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Joseph McCarthy’s “witch hunts”
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Joseph McCarthy – senator from Wisconsin
Preys upon Americans’ fear of communism Made unfounded accusations against “communists” in U.S. government |
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John F. Kennedy and the Cold War
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East Germans build Berlin Wall – sealed off East Berlin
Bay of Pigs (Cuba) Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) |
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Why USA got involved in the Vietnam War
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USA’s fear of a communist government taking over Vietnam and other Asian countries
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domino theory
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The idea that if one country fell to communism, the others around it would fall too
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Geneva Accords
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After the French withdraw, a peace conference is held
Vietnam is split at the 17th parallel, into North Vietnam and South Vietnam |
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Ho Chi Minh
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leader of the Vietminh
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Vietminh
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they want independence from France
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Gulf of Tonkin incident
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A U.S. warship, the Maddox, is supposedly fired upon by the North Vietnamese
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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This gives president Johnson the power to take “all necessary measures” to protect U.S. interests in Vietnam
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Vietnamization
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withdraw U.S. troops & turn over the war to the South Vietnamese
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Fall of Saigon
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North Vietnamese forces take over the South (capture Saigon, the South Vietnamese capital) Marks the end of the war for the USA
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Why USA got involved in Afghanistan and Iraq wars
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To avenge the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
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Afghanistan and 9/11
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Osama Bin Laden had been supported by the Taliban, Afghanistan’s govt
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Iraq and 9/11
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The Bush administration claimed that Saddam Hussein, the leader of Iraq, had supported Al Qaeda
No evidence that Hussein had known about the Sept. 11 attack – but most Americans believed this |
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Bush Doctrine
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Three components:
Pre-emption: Attack a threatening nation before you are attacked Unilaterialism: The USA should act alone if necessary Expansion of democracy: Support democratic nations across the globe |
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tactics used by USA in Iraq
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Airstrikes used in both countries. Osama Bin Laden goes into hiding for 10 years; is killed by U.S. Navy SEALS in May 2011
Saddam Hussein goes into hiding; is executed by Iraqis in December 2006 |
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Current situation in Iraq
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Democratic govt. established
U.S combat operations ended in 2010. U.S. troop casualties: 4,486 dead |
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Current situation in Afghanistan
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Democratic govt. established
U.S. combat operations to end in 2014. U.S. troop casualties: 1,980 dead |
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Korean War
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Began when communist North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950 The USA enters the war on the side of South Korea
Congress never declared war = this was a “police action” |
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Joseph McCarthy’s “witch hunts”
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Joseph McCarthy – senator from Wisconsin
Preys upon Americans’ fear of communism Made unfounded accusations against “communists” in U.S. government |
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John F. Kennedy and the Cold War
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East Germans build Berlin Wall – sealed off East Berlin
Bay of Pigs (Cuba) Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) |
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Why USA got involved in the Vietnam War
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USA’s fear of a communist government taking over Vietnam and other Asian countries
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domino theory
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The idea that if one country fell to communism, the others around it would fall too
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Geneva Accords
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After the French withdraw, a peace conference is held
Vietnam is split at the 17th parallel, into North Vietnam and South Vietnam |
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Ho Chi Minh
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leader of the Vietminh
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Vietminh
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they want independence from France
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Gulf of Tonkin incident
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A U.S. warship, the Maddox, is supposedly fired upon by the North Vietnamese
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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This gives president Johnson the power to take “all necessary measures” to protect U.S. interests in Vietnam
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