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7 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Nixon & Watergate
•Nixon was worried about getting re-elected in 1972

•His closest aides (and maybe even Nixon) arranged for “burglars” to break into the Democratic National Committees headquarters in the Watergate hotel.

•They were hoping to learn about the Democrats campaign strategies as well as to tap/bug the office (put a wire in so they could eavesdrop on the conversations)
• Two Washington Post reporters felt something was fishy, so they began to investigate (Woodward and Bernstein). After much researching, they began to unravel Nixon and his aides’ participation in the break in.

•Nixon was forced to resign and many of his aides went to trial and served jail time.

•Nixon was pardoned by President Ford
• Nixon ABUSED his power as President by covering up the lie, refusing to release the tapes, shredding important documents, etc.
Carter and the Iranian Hostage Crisis.
•Iran has a revolution in which a very devout Muslim group overthrew the more Western leader, the Shah.

•The Shah fled to another country for exile.

•Soon, the Shah asked permission to come to the United States for cancer treatment.

•Jimmy Carter allowed this.

•This infuriated the new leader of Iran, the Ayatollah. His men seized the American Embassy in Tehran and captured over 50 US citizens as hostages. They were held for well over a year.

•This incident was a blemish on Carter’s Presidential record as he was unable to get the hostages back.
Carter and the Energy Crisis
•OPEC nations were restricting the amount of oil/gas sent to the US, so this caused prices to soar.

•Carter felt the energy crisis was the most important issue facing the country

•He knew that our reliance on foreign oil would get us in trouble

•He encouraged people to cut back on their energy usage

•Created the National Energy Act, which placed HEAVY taxes on the sale of gas guzzling cars, gave generous tax credits to people/companies who used alternative forms of energy such as solar or wind-powered.

•Nonetheless, in 1979, OPEC dramatically increased rates again. Under Carter’s Presidency, inflation sky-rocketed (which means the prices on things rose by a lot).
Reagan and Conservatism
•Reagan followed Carter. People were fed up with the high prices, rising inflation, the embarrassment of the Hostage Crisis, so Reagan’s more conservative nature appealed to people, especially religious groups

•Reagan was anti-abortion, for prayer in school, the teaching of evolution, and most of all, for the reduction of government interference with big business. He felt the Federal government should be smaller and leave the economy to run itself.

•Reagan had been a Hollywood actor so he was comfortable on camera and had an easy, relaxed manner that people liked.

•Reaganomics = Reagan’s effort to reduce the size and spending of the US government. He cut spending to many social programs such as food stamps, mass transit in cities, welfare benefits and job training programs. He also created tax cuts believing that if people have more money in their pockets (not being paid in taxes) that they have more money to spend, keeping the economy moving
Changing Cultural Patterns under Reagan
•Drug use = drug use was growing massively during this time. Reagan declared a war against drugs, and First Lady Nancy Reagan traveled the country telling people to just “Say No to drugs!”

•The typical nuclear family = changed a lot. Divorce rates rose as did single parent households.

•Social Security = Social Security is a program first established during the Great Depression. Through a worker’s lifetime, s/he has a bit of money taken from every check to be held by the government as Social Security. When that worker retires, s/he can collect that money back in monthly checks so that senior citizens have at least a little money to live on. Now, people were living longer than ever and Baby Boomers were aging, too, Social Security became endangered because it counts on the incoming money of young people to help pay the old. When the old outnumber the young, there is a dangerous imbalance.
Changes in Environmental Policy
•The environmentalism movement began in the late 1960’s as people began to take seriously the affects of pollution and over-consumption on the environment. During the 1970’s when Nixon and then Carter were in office, they encouraged this movement. The First Earth Day was held in 1970.

•Nixon first created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – to establish and maintain standards against pollution and environmental abuses.

•Reagan was less focused on environmental issues.

•The government today has still not signed the Kyoto Treaty, which is a global effort to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, which would reduce the threat of global warming.
Changes in Immigration
•Hannah, did you talk about this in class?