Us History Chapter 13-15

Front 1

Manifest Destiny

Back 1

The idea America was destined by God and history to expand its boundaries over a vast area of the continent of N. America and more.

Front 2

Expansionism

Back 2

Occured because of Manifest Destiny; a movement to spread both a political system and a racially defined society

Front 3

Henry Clay

Back 3

Feared that territorial expansion would reopen controversy over slavery and threaten stability of Union

Front 4

Land Grants

Back 4

Settlers came to Texas through American intermediaries who received land grants from Mexico in return for promising to bring settlers into the region

Front 5

Stephen F. Austin

Back 5

Most successful land grant-recipent, established first legal American settlement in Texas in 1822

Front 6

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Back 6

dictator of Mexico who tried to impose new regimes on nation, led armies into Texas, signed treaty when captured, etc.

Front 7

Alamo Mission

Back 7

1836-San Antonio,pivotal battle between Replublic of Texas and Mexico, Mexican victory

Front 8

Davy Crockett

Back 8

frontiersman and former Tennessee congressman, group of Texas 'patriots' and died at the Alamo

Front 9

Goliad

Back 9

After the Alamo 1836, massacre when Mexicans executed most of the Texian force after it had surrendered

Front 10

Battle of San Jacinto

Back 10

1836 General Sam Houston defeated Mexican army and took Santa Anna prisoner. Santa Anna signed treaty giving Texas independence

Front 11

Tejanos

Back 11

Mexican residents of Texas who fought with the Americans in the revolution

Front 12

Oregon Country

Back 12

Control issue in 1840s between Britain and US over Oregon, Washington, Idaho, etc.

Front 13

"joint occupation"

Back 13

1818 treaty between Britain and US to allow citizens of each country equal access to Oregon country

Front 14

Marcus & Narcissa Whitman

Back 14

missionary and his wife; established mission among Cayuse Indians and were later killed by them when blamed for spreading disease

Front 15

Old Northwest

Back 15

migrants traveled west from today's Midwest (gold rush, etc)

Front 16

Mormons

Back 16

west westward on religious missions or in attempt to escape diseases plaguing eastern cities

Front 17

Martin Van Buren

Back 17

former Democratic president, expected 'front runner' against Henry Clay, resented Buren for being against annexation

Front 18

James K. Polk

Back 18

strong supporter of annexation, the first 'dark horse' to win presidential nomination of his party; wins election of 1844

Front 19

"Fifty-four forty or fight"

Back 19

slogan in reference to latitude where some americans hoped to draw the northern boundary of oregon

Front 20

Liberty Party

Back 20

political party in 1840s ran James Birney 2nd time, antislavery whigs against Clay

Front 21

Rio Grande

Back 21

Texans claimed as both western & southern border, adding much of what is now New Mexico to Texas

Front 22

Nueces River

Back 22

Mexico claimed this had always been the border

Front 23

General Zachary Taylor

Back 23

a small army under this man was sent to protect Texas from possible Mexican invasion;

Front 24

Santa Fe

Back 24

trading center, commerece developed between here and Missouri, increased American presence in New Mexico

Front 25

Sacramento Valley

Back 25

pioneering farmers entered California and settled here

Front 26

John A Sutter

Back 26

migrated to California in 1839 and became a Mexican citizen. headquarters was a network of small manufacturing shops

Front 27

Annexationists

Back 27

supported their demands for acquiring these western lands by citing racial differences between white Americans and Mexicans

Front 28

Mexican War

Back 28

causes of the this were conflict over the border (Rio Grande vs. Nueces R)

Front 29

John Slidell

Back 29

goes to Mexico City for Polk to try to negotiate, but Mexico refuses

Front 30

Colonel Stephen W Kearny

Back 30

made longn march to Santa Fe and occupied the town with no opposition in 1846, brought American forces together at Bear Flag Rev

Front 31

John C. Fremont

Back 31

led well-armed exploring party in the Bear Flag Revolution

Front 32

Bear Flag Revolution

Back 32

1846; party of Americans seized Sonoma

Front 33

General Winfield Scott

Back 33

devised plan to force peace on Mexicans and perhaps gain more territory for US, took Vera Cruz and Mexico City

Front 34

Nicholas Trist

Back 34

concluded an agreement with the new Mexican government 1848, Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Front 35

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Back 35

1848: Mexico agreed to cede California and New Mexico to the US and make Rio Grande boundary of Texas and US took over Mexican debts and paid $15 million

Front 36

David Wilmot

Back 36

introduced an amendment to the appropriation bill that would have prohibited slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico; passed in House but failed in Senate

Front 37

"popular sovereignty"

Back 37

allowed the people of each territory to decide the status of slavery there

Front 38

Lewis Cass

Back 38

Democrats nominated for election

Front 39

Compromise of 1850

Back 39

Henry Clay: (1) Admit California as a free state (2) Divide remainder of Mexican Cession into two territories, Utah and New Mexico (popsov) (3) Give land in dispute between Texas and New Mexico territory to New Mexico and assume Texas' public debt (4)Ban slave trade in DC but do not outlaw it there (5) Adopt a Fugitive Slave Law and enforce it vigorously

Front 40

John C. Calhoun

Back 40

insisted that the North grant the South equal rights in the territories, that it agree to observe the laws concerning fugitive slaves, that it cease attacking slavery, and accept amendment to Constitution to guarantee balance of power between sections

Front 41

Daniel Webster

Back 41

"Seventh of March Address"; sought to calm angry passions and rally northern moderates to support Clay's compromise

Front 42

Stephen Douglas

Back 42

Democratic senator from Illinois; open spokesman for economic needs of his section and for the construction of railroads; personal self-promotion

Front 43

Millard A. Fillmore

Back 43

from New York; supported compromise and used power of persuasion to swing northern Whigs into line

Front 44

Free-Soil Party

Back 44

minor 3rd party; "conscience whigs" and northern democrats

Front 45

Fugitive Slave Act

Back 45

Blacks accused of having escaped from slavery had no right to a trial by jury and could not testify on their own behalf; a federal judge or commissioner could turn alleged runaways over to slaveowners simply on the basis of affidavits from slaveowners.