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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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conservation
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the careful use of natural resources
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progressivism
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early twentieth-century movement that favored political and social reform
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initiative
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petition for the legislature to consider an action
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trustbusting
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the popular term for breaking up monopolies
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gas-and-water-socialism
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government ownership of utilities
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Sixteenth Amendment
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established the federal income tax
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Seventeenth Amendment
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direct election of U.S. senators
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Prohibition
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ban on the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages
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Eighteenth Amendment
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prohibition of alcoholic beverages
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Nineteenth Amendment
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women's suffrage
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Susan B. Anthony
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crusader form women's suffrage
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muckrakers
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progressive writers who exposed abuse and corruption
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Eugene Debs
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leading Socialist
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Robert La Follette
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Wisconsin; "laboratory of democracy"
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Theodore Roosevelt
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president most closely associated with progressivism
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"Square Deal"
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Roosevelt's belief that every person should receive fair treatment and equal opportunity
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The Jungle
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book by muckraker Upton Sinclair; graphic portrayal of the filthy conditions in Chicago's meatpacking plants
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
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formed to fight legal battles on behalf of blacks
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Panama Canal
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linked Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean
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Roosevelt Corollary
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addition to the Monroe Doctrine that added that the United States would act as a "policeman" to keep Latin American nations in line
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William Howard Taft
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president hand-picked by Roosevelt; sympathetic to reform, but was far more reserved and cautious than Roosevelt
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Joseph Cannon
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dictatorial Speaker of the House
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dollar diplomacy
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influence foreign affairs through the investment of American dollars in foreign countries
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Woodrow Wilson
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his first term as president was the climax of the progressive movement in America
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Underwood Tariff Act
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first genuine tariff reform since the Civil War; slashed overall rates by about a third from what they had been
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Clayton Antitrust Act
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strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by expanding the list of practices prohibited to corporations
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Henry Ford
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perfected the assembly line method of production
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Wright brothers
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first to succeed in flight; first powered, sustained, and controlled flight in history
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George Washington Carver
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a leader in Southern agriculture; developed more than 200 uses for the peanut
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progressive education
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aimed at improving education by relating learning to the child's interests; criticism arose in the 1950s resulting from the realization of the poor education students were receiving
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John Dewey
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advocate of progressive education and a leader in secular humanism
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secular humanism
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denial of God and affirmation of man's perfectibility
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modernism
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belief that Christianity has evolved
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social gospel
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belief that human reform comes through reform of man's environment
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Walter Rauschenbusch
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advocate of social gospel
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Benjamin B. Warfield
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defender of orthodox Christianity
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Billy Sunday
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urban evangelist
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W.E.B. Dubois
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black cofounder of the NAACP
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Booker T. Washington
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conservative black; wrote Up From Slavery
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segregation
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the forced separation of races
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Jim Crow laws
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laws in the South that segregated the races
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What connection exists between the graduated income tax and government growth?
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the more government taxes the people, the more government grows and spends
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Why did progressives support Prohibition?
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They wanted to reduce crime and poverty
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Why were American leaders afraid to grant the Philippines independence too quickly?
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They wanted to keep the Philippine markets open for trade
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What popular reform took place during Taft's administration?
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limitation of Speaker of the House
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Why did Congress pass its first income tax in 1913?
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loss of tariff revenues
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What reform measure has been called the "Magna Carta" of labor?
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Clayton Antitrust Act
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What was the most significant agricultural advance during the Progressive Era?
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tractor
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Why did Columbia reject the canal treaty with the United States in 1903?
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they were hoping for more money
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How did the United States acquire the canal?
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by helping Panama secure its independence and purchasing canal rights from the new nation
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What two major pieces of legislation concerning business and labor were passed during Wilson's first term?
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Clayton Antitrust Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act
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What method of raising revenue did the Underwood Tariff use in place of reduced tariff rates?
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the income tax
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What two inventions of the Progressive Era transformed American transportation?
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automobile and the airplane
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In what philosophical movement was John Dewey a leader?
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secular humanism
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What two religious movements make up the religious wing of progressivism?
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modernism and social gospel
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What major theme of twentieth-century America did the progressives establish?
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the gradual and almost continuous growth of the power of the federal government
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What basic belief about man did progressivism, Darwinism, and religious modernism share and why is it unbiblical?
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the basic goodness of man and society's ultimate perfectibility; because it rejects the fact of sin and man's sinful nature
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