U.s. History Ch. 11

Front 1

How many steps were the Southern steps required to take in order to join the Union?

Back 1

5 steps

Front 2

What were the 5 steps?

Back 2

1. Write a new state constitution. 2. Elect a new state government. 3. Repeal it's secession act.
4. Cancel it's war debts.
5. Ratify the 13th Amendment.

Front 3

List the new freedoms given to the freed slaves.

Back 3

1. Travel
2. Marriage
3. Education
4. Own land

Front 4

What was the purpose of the Freedman's Bureau?

Back 4

To assist slaves and poor whites in the South with food, medical care, education, legal assistance, and acting as a court of law in some situations.

Front 5

Explain the black codes.

Back 5

Restricted freedom and opportunities to freed slaves and poor whites.

Front 6

How many purposes did the black codes serve?

Back 6

3

Front 7

Give the three main purposes of the black codes.

Back 7

1. Denied the right to vote and serve on juries.
2. Required freedmen to sign yearly contracts with plantation owners.
3. Limit upward mobility of African Americans (Limited to only farm work, children denied entry to schools).

Front 8

Who were the radical republicans?

Back 8

Abolitionists before the war, now determined to reconstruct the nation for equality for all.

Front 9

Who were the leaders of the radical republicans?

Back 9

Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner

Front 10

Explain how the radical republicans had an agenda that was on a collision course with Johnson.

Back 10

1. Extended the Freedman’s Bureau beyond it’s one year charter and gave the Bureau greater power. 2. Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 – took aim at Black Codes

Front 11

What happened to invoke this "collision course"?

Back 11

Johnson vetoed both bills and the radicals overrode both.

Front 12

What is the 14th Amendment?

Back 12

The 14th Amendment gave all former slaves citizenship.

Front 13

What was the significance of the 1866 election?

Back 13

Radicals gained a 2/3 veto-proof in both houses

Front 14

What was the Reconstruction Acts?

Back 14

1. Broke South into 5 districts controlled by Federal Troops. 2. Election boards were set up by loyal supporters. 3. Wrote states new constitutions. 4. Required to ratify 14th Amendment.
5. Command of the Army - limited Johnson's power as commander in chief. 6. Tenure of Office Act - barred the president from firing certain federal officers without Senate consent.

Front 15

What did the Senate charge Johnson with?

Back 15

He brought the office of "president" into contempt ridicule and disgrace, to the great scandal of all good citizens.

Front 16

What event provoked the Johnson impeachment process?

Back 16

Johnson fired Secretary of War, Erwin Stanton

Front 17

What did Johnson's lawyers argue?

Back 17

All he did was defy Congress.

Front 18

What was the final vote?

Back 18

36 to 25, just one vote short of the 2/3 needed.

Front 19

How many voting groups were there on the South?

Back 19

3

Front 20

What were they?

Back 20

1. Freedmen - new to voting
2. Republicans - poor Southerners who opposed Secession
3. Northerners - Known as scalawags

Front 21

Why did Northerners flock to the South?

Back 21

To make money off of the South

Front 22

What did the Southerners call them?

Back 22

Carpetbaggers

Front 23

Who won the election of 1868?

Back 23

Ulysses S. Grant

Front 24

What was the significance of the election?

Back 24

1. Marred by violence
2. Grant won the popular vote with a half a million new black voters

Front 25

What was the 15th Amendment?

Back 25

All men have the right to vote regardless of race, color or previous servitude

Front 26

What percentage of voters in the South African-American?

Back 26

About 1/4 or 25%

Front 27

By what year had all Southern states been readmitted to the Union?

Back 27

1870

Front 28

What changes occurred when Southerners voted on new delegates?

Back 28

New governments ratified the 14th and 15th Amendments

Front 29

What was segregation?

Back 29

Separation of races in public places

Front 30

What happened to the money that was to be used to rebuild the South?

Back 30

It fell into the hands of corrupt officials

Front 31

What were tenant farmers?

Back 31

Land that was divided into small plots and rented to workers who would grow the crops

Front 32

What is sharecropping?

Back 32

Paying your share of the rent with the crop that you grow

Front 33

What is debt peonage?

Back 33

Debtors forced to work for the person they owed money to until they pay off their debt

Front 34

What were reasons Southern whites were angry?

Back 34

1. Former Confederates were not allowed to run for office.
2. Government was raising taxes to pay for schools and improvements.
3. Corrupt officials.

Front 35

List 3 different terror groups during this time.

Back 35

1. White Camelia
2. Ku Klux Klan
3. White Brotherhood Nights

Front 36

What were there tactics?

Back 36

Burning schools, attacks on Freedmen's Bureau Agencies, and murder

Front 37

What were ways Northerners tried to end Reconstruction?

Back 37

1. Sent troops to stop terror groups
2. Amnesty Act granted to former Confederates and allowed them once again to hold office

Front 38

What was the significance of the election of 1876?

Back 38

1. Grant did not run for reelection 2. many states results were disputed
3. Hayes won the electoral college but not the popular vote
4. Compromise of 1877 - Hayes appointed a Southerner to his cabinet
5. Removed federal troops

Front 39

What ways did African-Americans lose ground under the new government?

Back 39

1. Poll taxes required citizens to pay a tax to vote
2. Literacy tests that were made difficult so almost nobody could pass
3.Whites were excused due to a "grandfather clause"

Front 40

What were the Jim Crow laws?

Back 40

1. Segregation in public places
2. Plessy v. Ferguson case occurred