Us History Ch. 10

Front 1

Why do some historians think the Civil War was unavoidable?

Back 1

• differences between regions, racial groups, and social classes between North and South.

• issue of slavery

Front 2

What arguments did abolitionists use against slavery?

Back 2

violated the basic principles of the United States and the Christian religion

Front 3

How did Southerners view slavery?

Back 3

beneficial to slaves because they were exposed to civilization

• as a necessary to their economic well-being

• they claimed they cared more for the slaves than Northerners did for their immigrant factory workers

Front 4

What were some important differences between the North and the South?

Back 4

North• industrial• large urban centers• higher population• immigration/ diverse population• communication (telegraph)• transportation (railroads)• trade• no economical reason for slavery

South• agricultural• few urban centers• white population low• less immigration/ less diverse• slavery• limited communication• limited railroads

Front 5

How did the economic trends that occurred in the 1800s affect the North and South differently?

Back 5

growth in trade benefitted Northern trade centers, shipping and factories• South produced much of the agricultural products that fed and provided raw material for the North• immigrants flocked to Northern cities because of jobs, increasing Northern population• South’s population was almost 50-50 white v. slave• as immigrants did not want to do agricultural work, there were fewer people coming intp the South creating amore homogenous population than in the North

Front 6

What events led to the annexation of Texas?

Back 6

early concerns about adding another slave state kept Congress from acting on Texas’s wish to become a state• fear of war with Mexico if Texas was annexed• the earlier defeat of a treaty in 1844 to annex Texas• election of an “expansionist” president, James Polk• Texas annexed by act of Congress in December 1845

Front 7

Why did the United States go to war with Mexico?

Back 7

after annexation of Texas, Mexico broke off diplomatic relations with U.S.• dispute about southern boundary of Texas – US claimed Rio Grande River was southern boundary, Mexicoclaimed the Nueces River as boundary• Mexico refused to accept an offer of $30 million for New Mexico and California• skirmish between Mexican and US troops in area south of Nueces gave President Polk the reason he needed togo to war against Mexico

Front 8

List the basic terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Back 8

signed February 2, 1848• Mexico gave up claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas• Mexico gave New Mexico and California to the United States• US paid Mexico $15 million• US agreed to pay claims made by US citizens against Mexico

Front 9

Why did the Wilmot Proviso lead to conflict?

Back 9

addressed question of extending slavery into newly acquired territories• stated that slavery would not be allowed in territory acquired from Mexico• would have prevented the extension of slavery into New Mexico and California• illustrated difference between North and South

Front 10

What were the causes and effects of the Mexican War?

Back 10

Causes• US annexes Texas• US and Mexico disagree about southern border of Texas• Mexico refuses to sell New Mexico and California to US• Polk sends US troops to establish the Rio Grande as the US-Mexico southern border• Polk sends troops to California

Effects• Rio Grande is established as US-Mexico border• US acquires New Mexico and California• Debate over extension of slavery intensifies

Front 11

What were the effects of the Missouri Compromise?

Back 11

short term, maintained balance between slave and free states• long term, addressed issue of westward expansion by stating that any states created north of the 36’30” N latitudewould be free states• did not settle issue of slavery in the territories, however

Front 12

What did the Compromise of 1850 accomplish? How did this change the Missouri Compromise?

Back 12

Congress admitted California as a free state• the people of the territories of New Mexico and Utah would decide for themselves whether slavery would be legal• Congress abolished slave sales in Washington, D.C., but not slavery• Texas would give up claims to New Mexico for $10 million• Fugitive Slave Act would require US citizens to assist in returning escaped slaves to their owners and deniedslaves a jury trial

Front 13

Why could the Compromise of 1850 be considered a failure?

Back 13

did not settle the issue of slavery in the newly acquired territories from Mexico• Fugitive Slave Act angered Northerners

Front 14

How did the political parties change in the 1850s?

Back 14

Whig party declined – issues or leaders were dead• Democratic Party split on regional lines• anti-immigrant movements led to American Party (Know-Nothing Party)• issue of slavery led to the creation of the Republican Party

Front 15

Why did some people support the Know-Nothing Party?

Back 15

fear that immigrants would cause a rise in crimes• fear that immigrants would take jobs• Protestants were concerned about the large number of Catholic immigrants

Front 16

What issues helped the Republicans in the 1850s?

Back 16

anti-slavery movements in the North• passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act• dissatisfaction of Northern Democrats with Southern Democrats support of slavery

Front 17

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Why did Stephen Douglas propose the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Back 17

supported practice of popular sovereignty – letting people in the territories decide whether to allow slavery there,rather than the government making the decision• Douglas was interested in settling the territories in the hope of expanding the influence of Chicago in his nativestate of Illinois• Douglas also wanted to run for president so this was a deal he thought would satisfy the Northern members of hisDemocratic Party and the Southern members

Front 18

Why did violence erupt in Kansas in the mid-1850s?

Back 18

anti-slavery and pro-slavery groups sent settlers into Kansas in the hopes of affecting the vote on slavery• two opposing capitals – Topeka (anti-slavery) and Lecompton (pro-slavery)• Southerners (proslavery) looted the newspaper offices and homes in Lawrence, Kansas

Front 19

Why was Kansas called “Bleeding Kansas”?

Back 19

John Brown’s attack on a proslavery settlement at Pottawatomie Creek led to an outbreak of raids andcounterraids throughout Kansas in the summer of 1856

Front 20

How did slavery affect national politics in this period?

Back 20

issue of slavery dominated national politics• Democrats nominated James Buchanan, Republicans nominated John Fremont (of the Bear Revolt) and theAmerican Party nominated a former president, Millard Fillmore• Democrats supported the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act• Republicans held that the government had the right to restrict slavery in the territories and called for Kansas to beadmitted as a free state• Buchanan won with support of the Southern Democrats and some from the North

Front 21

What problems did the Lecompton constitution cause?

Back 21

the Lecompton Constitution was proposed by a proslavery group in Kansas as that territory’s constitution• most people in Kansas opposed slavery and refused to vote on the constitution• Buchanan endorsed the Lecompton constitution• Buchanan was denounced by Stephen Douglas, Congress returned the constitution to Kansas for another voteand it was defeated

Front 22

What important issues were discussed in the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

Back 22

majority rule v. minority rights• Douglas (Democrat) supported popular sovereignty and believed that the majority of people in a state or territorycould rule as they wished, including making slavery legal• Lincoln (Republican) held that the majority should not have the power to deny a minority their rights to life, libertyand the pursuit of happiness

Front 23

In your own words, describe the different views on slavery between Lincoln and Douglas

Back 23

Lincoln saw slavery as eventually dying off in the South• Lincoln saw slavery as a moral issue and was disgusted by the abuses associated with it• Douglas felt slavery would continue• Douglas considered the issue of slavery a nuisance and it impeded his own personal advancement• both did not want it to extend to the western territories

Front 24

How did John Brown’s raid increase tensions between the North and the South?

Back 24

Brown hoped to seize weapons from the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry and give them to enslaved people so that theycould rebel – end slavery, punish slaveholders and transform the US

Southerners were angered by Northern sympathy for Brown and his cause – worst fear of Southerners was aslave uprising

Front 25

How did the election of 1860 demonstrate the split between the North and the South?

Back 25

Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won the election with the majority of electoral votes• Lincoln did not win any electoral votes in the South

Front 26

What concerns led the Lower South to secede from the Union?

Back 26

Southerners angered that someone was elected without any votes from the South• national government seen as controlled by Northerners• fear that the national government would make slavery illegal in the SoutH

Front 27

What event started the Civil War? When?

Back 27

South Carolina (a secessionist state) fired on the federal troops in Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12,1861