Us History Brinkley

Front 1

15th amendment

Back 1

gave black men the right to vote

Front 2

19th amendment

Back 2

gave women the right to vote

Front 3

Colonial suffrage

Back 3

only white males who were landowners could vote

Front 4

Judiciary Act of 1789

Back 4

organized judicial branch into 13 district courts, appeals courts, and Supreme court; made John Jay first Supreme Court chief justice

Front 5

Federalists

Back 5

led by Alexander Hamilton; loose interpretation of Constitution; centralized govt; pro-tariff, pro-national bank, pro-business, pro-british,

Front 6

Whiskey Rebellion

Back 6

govt sent troops to Pittsburgh to establish law and order where rebellions were occuring; established legitimacy of federal govt authority

Front 7

Hamilton's economic plan

Back 7

1) create national bank, 2) assume states' debt from revolutionary war, 3) tariff to put tax on imported goods - helped northern economy

Front 8

Jeffersonian Republicans (anti-federalists)

Back 8

strict interpretation of the constitution, wanted bill of rights, weak central government, pro-agriculture, pro-french, anti-tariff, anti-credit, anti-national bank, political power to common man

Front 9

Alien and Sedition Act

Back 9

against the law to publish/say anything "malicious, false, scandalous" about the US; used to hush Jeffersonian republicans

Front 10

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Back 10

TJ and Madison's response to Alien and Sedition acts; brought up policy of nullification (states rights)

Front 11

Louisiana Purchase

Back 11

Napoleon sold Jefferson the Louisiana territory for $15million; went against Jefferson's principles of strict interpretation of Constitution

Front 12

Marbury v Madison 1803

Back 12

John Marshall declared Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional; established principle of judicial review (judicial branch has power to make null legislative laws/exec acts)

Front 13

Judicial review

Back 13

the judicial branch can declare a law by the legislative branch of act by exec branch null and void

Front 14

Laissez-faire

Back 14

policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the economy

Front 15

election of 1800

Back 15

Jefferson won the presidency; established political parties

Front 16

12th amendment

Back 16

electors vote separately for Pres and VP; to avoid problem of election of 1800

Front 17

Washington's Farewell address

Back 17

warned against political parties, sectionalism, and entangling alliances

Front 18

embargo of 1807

Back 18

hoping to avoid war, Jefferson asks Congress to pass embargo; only hurts US- South (tobacco/cotton) and New England (unemployment); made TJ very unpopular

Front 19

Chesapeake incident

Back 19

British tried to impress American naval ship; Jefferson passed embargo to avoid war

Front 20

Jay's treaty

Back 20

Jay negotiated neutrality treaty with England to protect commerce

Front 21

Pinckney's treaty

Back 21

established boundary of US at Mississippi river; between Spain and US

Front 22

Treaty of Greenville

Back 22

12 Native American nations gave up lands of Ohio and Indiana in exchange for yearly sums of $10k

Front 23

Tecumseh

Back 23

called for a return to traditional Native American ways; wanted to remove white influence- defeated by Harrison at Battle of Tippacanoe

Front 24

Treaty of Ghent

Back 24

ended War of 1812; no lands exchanged; neither claimed victory; US gave up claim to Canada

Front 25

War Hawks

Back 25

Henry Clay, Calhoun; those who clamored for war

Front 26

Reasons for War of 1812

Back 26

1) British trade restrictions hurt S/W farmers, 2) impressment of sailors, 3) to prove American neutrality, 4) settle clashes with Native Americans on the frontier

Front 27

American System

Back 27

system created by Henry Clay that favored national bank, tariff, and internal improvements

Front 28

Steamboats

Back 28

invented by Robert Fulton; enabled river travel while carrying more cargo than ever before

Front 29

Erie Canal

Back 29

gave NY direct access to markets in the west to Chicago

Front 30

Monroe Doctrine

Back 30

US might go to war to prevent European colonies from being created in Latin America; hard to enforce

Front 31

Panic of 1819

Back 31

Second Bank of US called back loans to western banks; US bank lost money, wildcat banks closed, speculators were foreclosed on --> land went back to federal government

Front 32

McCulloch v Maryland

Back 32

Congress has power to create banks; federal government > state government - therefore MD bank cannot tax federal bank

Front 33

Nullification

Back 33

John Calhoun of SC wrote an exposition arguing that states had a right to nullify unconstitutional laws (like VA and KY resolutions)

Front 34

Tariff of Abominations

Back 34

Calhoun said tariffs are unconstitutional because they protect economy of one region and hurt another's

Front 35

Spoils system

Back 35

Jackson rewarded political supporters with federal jobs

Front 36

Election of 1832

Back 36

National nominating convention replaced caucus system (only elite)

Front 37

Pet banks

Back 37

Jackson opposed the Second National Bank; pulled govt deposites and placed them in smaller "pet banks"

Front 38

Missouri Compromise 1820

Back 38

Missouri admitted as slave state, Maine as free state; established line of 36'30 - slave states to south, free states to north

Front 39

Trail of Tears

Back 39

Jackson and state of Georgia forcibly removed thousands of Cherokees to Oklahoma; many died from disease/starvation

Front 40

Alexis de Tocqueville

Back 40

French political philosopher who wrote about Democracy in America and how well it worked

Front 41

election of 1840

Back 41

Whigs nominated William Henry Harrison (Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!); died from pneumonia, succeeded by Tyler

Front 42

Prohibition

Back 42

significantly reduced national alcohol consumption; alienated Europeans who were accustomed to drinking; led to organized crime (Al Capone)

Front 43

Emergency Quota Act 1921

Back 43

Congress said each country could only send 3% of their population; later made it 2%

Front 44

Wagner Act

Back 44

legalized practices such as closed shops where only union members could work

Front 45

CCC

Back 45

Civilian Conservation Corps; gave jobs to male workers in forests, beaches, parks

Front 46

TVA

Back 46

Tennessee Valley Authority; helped farmers and created jobs in a poor area

Front 47

AAA

Back 47

Agricultural Adjustment Act; attempted to raise farm prices by paying farmers to lower output

Front 48

FDIC

Back 48

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; insures all deposites in banks up to 100k

Front 49

"fireside chats"

Back 49

FDR's weekly radio address explaining programs of New Deal to the public

Front 50

FDR

Back 50

fought Great Depression with New Deal programs; battle Congress over Supreme Court control; proved strong leader during WWII

Front 51

Great Depression

Back 51

millions of Americans were jobless; banks closed shortly after; farm prices dropped to very low

Front 52

Fair Labor Standard Act 1938

Back 52

established federal minimum wage and maximum weekly hours

Front 53

Huey Long

Back 53

gov of Louisiana who worked to help the underpriviliged and black gain education; wanted to redistribute wealth $5000 to every American family

Front 54

Tehran Conference

Back 54

Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met for the first time; Stalin agreed to enter the Soviet Union in the war in the Pacific after the European hostilities were over

Front 55

Battle of the Stalingrad

Back 55

heavy losses on both sides, Allied win in Soviet Union

Front 56

Battle of the Bulge

Back 56

Germans launched huge counter attack in Luxembourg and Belgium

Front 57

Battle of Britain

Back 57

Germans bombed Great Britain

Front 58

Blitzkreig

Back 58

lighting war; modeled after Schlieflin plan in WWI

Front 59

Fascism

Back 59

importance of the nation or an ethnic group; Germany, Italy, and Japan ruled by fascists in WWII

Front 60

Non-aggression pact

Back 60

Hitler neutralized Soviet Union by signing this pact with Stalin

Front 61

Joseph Stalin

Back 61

worked with Roosevelt and Churchill in WWII; bceame an aggressive participant in the Cold War afterwards

Front 62

Treaty of Versailles

Back 62

agreement in 1919 ending WWI, included huge war reparations to be paid by Germany to the Allies --> caused economic hardship in Germany

Front 63

V-J day

Back 63

Victory in Japan Day- formal surrender agreement

Front 64

Korematsu v. US 1944

Back 64

ruled that executive order given by president to relocate all Japanese was indeed under Congress's power to declare war

Front 65

Rationing

Back 65

policy during WWII of distributing goods in an fixed amount with coupons

Front 66

Yalta Conference

Back 66

Churchill, FDR, and Stalin met to decide world map after WWII- 1) Soviet Union got some Pacific territory, 2) created United Nations with 5 permanent members, 3) disagreed at Poland, 4) disagreed about Germany- maintained zones of occupation

Front 67

Women Army Corp

Back 67

organization of women who volunteered for military service in WWII, used in all areas except combat