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204 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What two political parties supported William Jennings Bryan?
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Populists and Democrats
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William Lloyd Garrison
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Advocated the immediate end of slavery
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She repeatedly risked her life to go into the South to lead slaves north to freedom, rescuing over 300
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Harriet Tubman
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This book set off a storm of proteste from the South
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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"That the further introduction of slavery or involuntary servitude be prohibited...and that all children born within the said State, after the admission into the Union, shall be free at the age of 25 years." This brief amendment to a piece of pending legislation concerning the admission of a new state set off a crisis. What was the amendment and what was the crisis?
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Tallmadge Amendement, Missouri Compromise
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stated that any individual state could on its own authority declare a federal law unconstitutional and therefore unenforceable
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The doctrine of nullification
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This person's reform was the treatment of mentally ill
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Dorothea Dix
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This person's reform was women's rights
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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This person's reform was public education
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Horace Mann
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What arguments did Southerners use in defense of the institution of slavery?
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Northern workers toiling in the factories were treated more inhumanely; The Bible defends slavery; Slavery was essential to the agricultural system of the South, which produced crops requiring extensive hand labor
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The revival of religious faith that occurred in the 1800s was called:
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The Second Great Awakening
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Because of the work of Dorothea Dix, during the 1800s state prisons shifted their focus from just punishment to:
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Rehabilitation
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Which event led to a national crisis in 1849-1950?
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California's application for statehood
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Who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
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Stephen Douglas
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The "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions" issued by the Seneca Falls Convention demanded:
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greater rights for women
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The hostility of the Know-Nothing Party was directed primarily against:
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Irish and German Catholic immigrants
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When the Republican Party entered national politics, it could best be described as:
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an organization of groups dedicated to stopping the extension of slavery into the territories
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The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there
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popular sovereignty
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Who was Lincoln speaking to when he reportedly said, "So you're the little woman that wrote the book that made this great war"?
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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In the Compromise of 1850 the South got as compensation for the admission of California as a free state:
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a Fugitive Slave Law
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Leader of the largest slave revolt in US History was:
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Nat Turner
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What contributed to the beginning of the American Civil War by increasing abolitionist feeling:
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execution of John Brown; enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act; Sack of Lawrence
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The principle function of the American Colonization Society
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purchase slaves and send them back to Africa as free men
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In the Supreme Court case Commonwealth v. Hunt:
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The right of unions to strike was upheld
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Charles Goodyear invented
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vulcanized rubber
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Samuel Morse invented the
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telegraph
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John Deere invented
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steel plow
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Cyrus McCormick invented
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the mechanical reaper
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act did these things:
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repeal the Missouri Compromise; established popular sovereignty in the new states formed from territories; organized Kansas and Nebraska into territories
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What contributed to the depression of 1837?
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Specie Circular; Britain bought less cotton and withdrew investments; too much money printed at "pet banks"
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Won the presidency with the slogan, "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too"
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William Henry Harrison
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The principle function of the American Colonization Society
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purchase slaves and send them back to Africa as free men
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"The crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away; but with blood."
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John Brown's last words
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Closed his four hour speech attacking the doctrine of nullification by saying, "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!"
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Daniel Webster
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"This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror."
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Thomas Jefferson commenting on the debate about the Missouri Compromise
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"Servants, obey yer masters. Ain't you mine now body and soul?" he said, giving Tom a violent kick with his heavy boot. "Tell me!"
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Simon Legree
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"What, to the American slave is your Fouth of July? I answer, a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham..."
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Fredrick Douglass
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Eli Whitney has two inventions or ideas that helped the North and South develop differently before the American Civil War. What were they?
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Cotton gin and interchangable parts
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Henry Clay was one of the most important politicians of this time period and yet he is never elected President. Name 4 events or ideas he had that made him important.
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introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act; opposed Lincoln; American System; Tariff Compromise
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slave owners
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Planters
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When government officials would appoint their own supporters as their own "officials"
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spoils system
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the theory that the only roles for women were to be wives and mothers
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Cult of Domesticity
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believers that slaves could only be held in slave states
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Free Soil Party
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the idea that the American-born people were more important and held above immigrants
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nativism
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people who wanted to put an end to slavery
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abolitionists
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the slaves who looked over a group of lower slaves
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drivers
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the passage from Africa to American for slaves
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Middle Passage
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Southerners who's fight for slavery was strongest
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Fire eaters
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belief that alcohol should not be drunk
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temperence
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sold neighbors into slavery or you will be sold
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Sell or be sold syndrome
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the idea that you do what you can for yourself to get more money; individual ownership and profit
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Capitalism
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First a captain of a ship took tobacco from American to England, then went to Africa to take slaves to America
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Triangular Trade
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pre-Civil War period
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Antebellum
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The "real life" of cowboys included:
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long days of monotonous work; most cowboys were young men; approximately 25% of all cowboys were African-Americans
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The individual who wrote "A Century of Dishonor" to publicize injustices suffered by Native Americans:
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Helen Hunt Jackson
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The "day of the cowboy" ended because of expansion of the railroad and:
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introduction of barbed wire
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invented barb wire
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Joseph Glidden
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The Pacific Railway Act provided for the funding of railroad building with government loans and:
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free land
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Leland Stanford was important for:
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owning a railroad that helped complete the first transcontinental railroad
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a historian who thought that the frontier experience of the United States was the most important element of our history
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Fredrick Jackson Turner
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In the Second Treaty of Fort Laramie the Sioux were promised supplies if they:
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went to the reservation
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Indian leader who's victory was at the Battle of Little Big Horn
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Crazy Horse
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painter who depicted scenes of Cowboys and Indians
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Fredrick Remington
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published many western novels about the romanticized west
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Louis L'Amour
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painter who depicted scenes of Cowboys and Indians
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Fredrick Remington
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5 ways the myth of the cowboy was created:
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Movies; Novels; Buffalo Bill's wild west shows; Country-Western music; Television
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gave 160 acres of land to any citizen or intended citizen
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Homestead Act
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where the Transcontinental Railroad was completed
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Promontory Point
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Broke up reservations and gave the reservation land to individual Indians-160 acres of land to the head of the household and 80 acres to unmarried adults
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Dawes Act
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gave land grants to establishing agricultural colleges
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Morrill Land Grant Act
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a show depicting the romanticized west that traveled through the US, Europe, and Asia
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Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
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Natic Americans would have to give up all of their beliefs and daily routine to become part of the while culture
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Assimilation
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gave land grants to establishing agricultural colleges
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Morrill Land Grant Act
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5 Accomplishments of Charles Erskine Scott Wood:
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lawyer; poet; sculptor; essayist; Established the Multnomah County Library
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Statehood for Texas was delayed because of an argument over:
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slavery and the possiblity of was with Mexico
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In his message to Congress on December 2, 1823, President Monroe asserted that:
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the US would not tolerate any European power establishing new colonies in the Western Hemisphere
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WWhat battle was Andrew Jackson's greatest victory but happened after the War of 1812 was over:
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Battle of New Orleans
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When President Jefferson learned that Spain had transferred Louisiana to French control, he worried that France might try to:
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build an empire in the West
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What was the new policy adopted by the federal government in a treaty signed at Fort Laramie, Wyoming in 1851?
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to assign the Plains Indians areas that would be specifically reserved for each tribe
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WWhat battle was Andrew Jackson's greatest victory but happened after the War of 1812 was over:
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Battle of New Orleans
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France sold Louisiana to the US because it needed money to finance:
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it's military campaigns against Europe
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The Mormon's went to Utah to seek:
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religious freedom
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Which 1844 presidential candidate used the slogan "fifty-four forty or fight"?
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James Polk
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In 1847 Mexico City was taken over by:
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General Winfield Scott
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What happened at Mountain Meadow?
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Native Americans and Mormons massacred a wagon train full of people
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The Convention of 1818 included:
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set the northern boundary of the US at the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains; Britain and the US agreed to joint occupation of Oregon
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One negative effect of the Louisiana Purchase was that:
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Native Americans were under greater pressure from European American settlers
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War Hawk
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Henry Clay
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explorer
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Sacagawea
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American that opposed the Civil War
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Henry Thoreau
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fought in the Texas Revolution
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Sam Houston
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Fought in the Texas Revolution and Fought in the Mexican War
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Santa Anna
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American that opposed the Mexican War
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Abraham Lincoln
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Tried to unite all Native Americans east of the Mississippi
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Tecumseh
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Fought in the Texas Revolution and Died at the Alamo
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Davy Crockett
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Daniel Boone
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explorer
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Captured and hanged Native Americans for the Whitman massacre
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Joe Meek
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Invented the Cherokee alphabet
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Sequoyah
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In what year did the California Gold Rush begin?
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1849
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Intense pride and loyalty to one's nation or ethnicity
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nationalism
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Ida Wells Barnett was important as a:
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black newspaper editor that attacked lynching
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What American General said: "War is Hell!" as an explanation for his orders to destroy anything that could be of use to the enemy in the hope that civilians would lose the morale to continue the war?
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Sherman
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The Monitor and the Virginia were important because:
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They were the first two iron warships used
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The Black Codes were passed in order to:
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keep black in an inferior position
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Which was the actor that shot President Lincoln?
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John Wilkes Booth
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Under the Compromise of 1877, Democrats accepted Hayes as president, and Republicans agreed to:
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End Reconstruction
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A battlefield nurse that founded the American Red Cross
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Clara Barton
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Mathew Brady was important to the Civil War as:
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a photographer
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Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner were:
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2 leading Radical Republicans
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The South's war strategy included fighting a defensive war and:
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gaining a European ally
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The 54th Massachusetts Infantry:
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was the first African American regiment to play a key role in battle
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The redeemers sought to:
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secede from the Union
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Booker T. Washington in his speech called the Atlanta Compromise said:
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segregation is acceptable in all things social; laws cannot force an end to the inequality of the races; blacks can only get ahead with severe and constant struggle
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The rifle changed military tactics by giving the advantage to troops:
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attacking in solid ranks
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Advantages the North had over the South:
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greater population; more warships; more factories; more wealth
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Which side won the American Civil War?
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North
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name given to those Southerners who joined the Republican Party during Reconstruction
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scalawags
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Name given to the process of a formal charge wrongdoing against a high public official
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impeach
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name of the worst POW camp in the South during the American Civil War
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Andersonville
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with a little luck and hard work, you can become successful
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Horatio Algerism
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viewing material things as being most important
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materialism
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provided many ideas that would later be made into laws
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The Populist Party
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provided many ideas that would later be made into laws
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The Populist Party
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provided many ideas that would later be made into laws
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The Populist Party
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Railroad expansion:
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caused the growth of other industries; provided jobs; strengthened national markets
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The origin of standard time and time zones was created by:
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railroads to make scheduling easier
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Mugwumps was a nickname given to:
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politicians from both parties in favor of civil service reform
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The assassination of James Garfield by Charles Guiteau led to:
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passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Act
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In the Supreme Court case US v. Debs it was ruled that:
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Courts could use injunctions to stop strikers if they interfered with trade
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The Populist Party declined with:
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The defeat of William Jennings Bryan
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What common cause resulted in the "Great Strike of 1877", the Homestead Strike, and the Pullman Strike?
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wage cuts
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The initiative process allows citizens to:
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write and pass their own laws
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Functions associated with the Grange:
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organizing farmers to pass laws; providing educational and social opportunities for farmers; establishing methods for farmers to sell their produce together and to have their own stores to buy what they need direct from the factory
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Who made the Cross of Gold speech?
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William Jennings Bryan
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What were 5 methods Andrew Carnegie used to dominate the steel industry?
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Vertical integration; horizontal integration; giving his managers a share of stock; buying out his competitors; cutting the cost of the steel produced
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4 inventions of Thomas Edison:
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light bulb; microphone; motion picture camera; record player
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World's first billionaire
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John Rockefeller
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Most dangerous woman in American according to Theodore Roosevelt
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Mother Jones
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Attacked railroads and loan companies as the two great robbers of Kansas and advised farmers to "raise less corn and more hell"
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Mary Lease
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Who made their money in steel and his life was a tru "rags to riches" story?
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Andrew Carnegie
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First leader of the AFL
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Samuel Gompers
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Developed a profitable method to drill for oil
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Drake
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Developed the first telephone
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Alexander Graham Bell
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Unemployed people who went from Ohio to Washington DC demanding government to provide jobs
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Coxey's Army
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War between businessmen over ownership of the Erie Railroad
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Erie War
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wealth used for investments
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Capital
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Buy companies who provide steps of production in the item you produce
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Vertical integration
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goverment could not interfere with business
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Laissez faire
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pool of potential consumers
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market
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any business that sells shares of stock in itself
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corporation
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land and money given to railroad companies to build railroads
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subsidies
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injecting air into molten steel to remove carbon and other impunities
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Bessemer Process
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rapidly spending money on extraneous things
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conspicuous consumption
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tax on imported goods whose purpose is to support local business
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protective tariff
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shops where children work to make clothing and other materials for little pay and in bad working conditions
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sweat shops
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representatives of unions and management meet to come to an agreement
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collective bargaining
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removing a public official before their time is up
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recall
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list of people that had alleged Communist connections
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blacklist
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any combination of businesses to get rid of competition
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trust
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basic union issues of wages, hours, and work conditions
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bread and butter issues
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settling of disputes by an independent third party
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arbitration
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a philosophy that believes in no government and no laws
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anarchy
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a pledge made by newly hired employees to join a union
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yellow dog contract
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negative nickname given to those peopole who work during a strike
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scabs
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a court order requiring something be done that has the force of law
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injunction
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a process wher a state legislature can refer a bill to voters for their approval
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referendum
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term that refers to the center of economic power and business interests in the US
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Wall Street
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The single word that refers to the spoils system or jobs to supporters of a candidate
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patronage
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the Latin phrase that means let the buyer beware
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caveat emptor
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Name given to the series of proposal put forth by the Populist Party in 1892
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Omaha Platform
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This famous story is a political allegory based on events of the later part of the 19th Century and the Populist Movement
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Wizard of Oz
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The single word that refers to the spoils system or jobs to supporters of a candidate
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patronage
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To determine representation in Congress:
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three-fifths of a state's slaves were counted
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The Great Compromise results in:
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equal representation in the Senate and proportional representation in the House
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The first ten amendments to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, were added to protect:
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individual citizens from the power of the federal government
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In the XYZ affair, the French:
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demanded a bribe from American officials
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The view that federal government has only the specific powers granted to it in the Constitution is known as:
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strict constitution
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Because of Pinckney's Treaty:
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Americans could travel freely on the Mississippi River
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According to the states' right theory of the Constitution:
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the federal government was created by the state; thus, states can nullify federal laws they consider unconstitutional
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In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court for the first time asserted the power of:
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judicial review
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The major importance of the Whiskey Tax according to Alexander Hamilton was:
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it gave the national government the opportunity to show it's increased strength
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The American Revolutionary War resulted in:
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encouraged the French Revolution; was an example for revolutions of Latin America; increased freedom of religion
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Shay's Rebellion was important because:
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it led to the writing of a new, stronger constitution
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Whic best explains the rise of political parties in the 1790s?
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Differing ideology and view points accented by disagreements over the establishment of a national bank
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term of office is 6 years
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Senator
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there is an equal number of these from each state
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senator
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minimum age of 25
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representative
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elected by the Electoral College
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President
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term of office is 2 years
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representative
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Outlawed slavery North of the Ohio River
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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Set aside a section of land for schools
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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Divided all lands into sections and townships
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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Established the procedure for a territory to become a state
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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Was written, at least in part, by Thomas Jefferson
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and Land Ordinance of 1785
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Author of Wealth of Nations which outlines basic theories of capitalism
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Adam Smith
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Established the Judicial Review
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John Marshall
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Ran for vice president but realized that Alexander Hamilton would win, so he killed him
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Aaron Burr
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When ships were being taken over by the British, the American sailors on the ships were held prisoner and forced to serve in the British Army
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Impressement
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The seat-holders in the House and on the Senate cannot be charged with a misdemeanor and protected from being sued for libel
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Congressional Immunity
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people who buy something in hopes of making huge profit
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speculators
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tax on imports- protects local production or locl business
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protective tariff
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Federalist papers were printed in Newspapers and were written by Alexander Hamilton, John, Jay, and James Madison. It tried to win support for the Constitution
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Federalist Papers
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Where the Supreme Court would review wether or not something was constitutional
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Judicial Review
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What are the three branches of government and is the principle power of each?
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Judiciary- laws; Executive- executive laws; Legislative- write laws
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