U.s. History 2

Front 1

Impressment

Back 1

bording of ships by French soldiers and forced conversion of American soldiers.

Front 2

Jay's Treaty

Back 2

settled issues such as fishing rights and loyalist compensation with British shortly after Constitution.

Front 3

Pinckney's Treaty

Back 3

fixed U.S. southern border with Spain and allowed colonists use of Mississippi through Spanish territory.

Front 4

Election of 1796

Back 4

John Adams defeats Tom Jeff.divided federalists and executive office since Jefferson became VP and opposed Adams.

Front 5

XYZ Affair (Quasi War)

Back 5

U.S. sent reps to France but were avoided until told payment must be given first to speak w French reps.

Front 6

Alien & Sedition Acts

Back 6

argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution

Front 7

Virginia Resolution

Back 7

James Madison's response to A&S Acts declaring a states option to nullify any law unconstitutional.

Front 8

Kentucky Resolution

Back 8

Thomas Jefferson's response to A&S acts.

Front 9

Election of 1800

Back 9

Tom Jeff defeats Aaron Burr, who is upset by it.

Front 10

Judiciary Act of 1789

Back 10

Established the U.S. federal judiciary and really raised tensions between Feds and Anti-Feds.

Front 11

Midnight Appointments

Back 11

Adams appointed Federalist judges to many courts in time after losing election and waiting for Jefferson's induction.

Front 12

In whose era did Industrialism begin?

Back 12

Jeffersonian Era.

Front 13

What were new innovations in transportation around 1800?

Back 13

turnpikes and Robert Fulton's steamboat.

Front 14

Who wanted a federal city and created D.C.?

Back 14

Thomas Jefferson.

Front 15

Barbary Pirates

Back 15

tried to force U.S. to pay fee to sail the open seas.

Front 16

Judicial Review

Back 16

The ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional.

Front 17

Marbury v. Madison

Back 17

lawsuit to deliver withheld appointment from Adams; established judicial review.

Front 18

John Marshall

Back 18

2nd chief justice; federalist.

Front 19

What was Napolean dealing with before Louisiana Purchase?

Back 19

France freed the slaves in Haiti, but didnt realize how crucial they were to producing sugar, so a revolt began when slavery tried to be reinforced.

Front 20

What was Napolean's offer for all French land?

Back 20

$15 million.

Front 21

What was Jefferson's quandry when offered the Louisiana Purchase?

Back 21

he was a strict constructionist and didnt believed buying it was constitutional, but too good to pass up.

Front 22

The Napoleonic Wars 1795-1815

Back 22

Britain and France trying to eliminate each other but cannot; reshapes Europe.

Front 23

Orders in Council 1807

Back 23

French orders for all allies not to trade with Britain. vice versa for Britain.

Front 24

"Peaceable Coersion"

Back 24

action to maintain peace; embargo directed at Britain and France during Napoleonic wars.

Front 25

Who were the war hawks?

Back 25

John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay.

Front 26

James Madison

Back 26

elected pres. in 1808, 1812.

Front 27

Tecumseh and the Prophet

Back 27

united neighboring tribes to attempt to stop white expansion but were defeated at Tippecanoe.

Front 28

War of 1812, British invasion

Back 28

blocked U.S. ports and burned White House and D.C.

Front 29

Ft. McHenry

Back 29

location where Francis Scott Key wrote SSB.

Front 30

Treaty of Ghent, Dec. 1814

Back 30

ended Wo1812 and made status quo ante bellum.

Front 31

Battle of New Orleans

Back 31

Andrew Jackson led Americans to glorious victory; only a result of slow communication.

Front 32

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Back 32

demilitarization of the Great Lakes.

Front 33

Hartford Convention

Back 33

Federalist meeting to discuss seceding from the Union; perceived them as traitors and led to downfall of the party.

Front 34

Changes as result of Wo1812

Back 34

Jeff's plan for agricultural nation discredited, realization to improve inland transportation, end of political factionism.

Front 35

Henry Clay

Back 35

westerner responsible for many important decisions and compromises including American System.

Front 36

Daniel Webster

Back 36

northerner; anti-slavery.

Front 37

Election of 1820

Back 37

James Monroe won w overwhelming majority.

Front 38

The American System

Back 38

2nd bank of the U.S.(accepted), protective tariff to tax foreign imports and promote American goods(accepted), system of connected roads(denied).

Front 39

The Seminole War

Back 39

Andrew Jackson led troops into Florida to retrieve runaway slaves and openly attacked a Spanish fort.

Front 40

Adams-Onis Treaty

Back 40

John Quincy Adams saves Jacksons reputation by telling Spain that they wanted Florida and were prepared to fight, Spain just gave it to us.

Front 41

Election of 1824

Back 41

JQA won in the House and Jackson won the popular vote but JQA elected.

Front 42

Corrupt Bargain

Back 42

When JQA appoints Clay as Sec. of State, Jackson believes the conspired behing closed doors to fix the election in Adams favor.

Front 43

Tariff of Abominations

Back 43

textile tariff everybody hated and blamed Adams for.

Front 44

Election of 1828

Back 44

Jackson v. Adams; first campaign with "mudslinging". Jack wins.

Front 45

Expanding Electorate

Back 45

in 1824, only land owners could vote. By 1828, all white males could vote so popular votes quadrupled.

Front 46

Spoils System, "kitchen cabinet"

Back 46

Jackson technique that gave presidential appointments for various positions to supporters of the campaign.

Front 47

Petticoat Crisis

Back 47

Peggy Eaton was shunned by many politicians such as Floride Calhoun, the 2nd lady, for seeming slutty.

Front 48

Nullification Crisis

Back 48

Calhoun led SC wants to secede and not pay tariff, Jack must maintain union.

Front 49

Who wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest?

Back 49

John C. Calhoun.

Front 50

Jackson's "Proclamation to the people of SC"

Back 50

carefully worded document trying to urge people not to secede and that they are being misled.

Front 51

The Force Bill, 1833

Back 51

Jack prepared to invade SC if they withdrew from union.

Front 52

Tariff of 1833

Back 52

compromise of nullification crisis; tax that will gradually get smaller until it is no more.

Front 53

The Five Civilized Tribes

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Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Choctaw, and Chickasaw.

Front 54

Worcester v. Georgia

Back 54

claims a state has no right to remove indians, but Jack disobeyed and remove them anyway.

Front 55

Nicholas Biddle

Back 55

president of the 2nd bank of U.S. and set off "war" with Andrew Jackson when he applied for the banks' rechartering 4 years early; vetoed by Jackson.

Front 56

Election of 1832

Back 56

Jackson defeated Clay.

Front 57

How did Jackson defeat the bank?

Back 57

He went through 3 treasurers until Roger B. Taney finally agreed to allow removal of govn. funds, thus stealing the bank's largest depositor.

Front 58

Roger B. Taney

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appointed to chief justice by Jack for complying as treasurer.

Front 59

Democrats

Back 59

founded by Andrew Jackson.

Front 60

Whigs

Back 60

Henry Clay, Calhoun.

Front 61

Election of 1836

Back 61

Martin van Buren elected.

Front 62

Panic of 1837

Back 62

speculative fever financial crisis after fall of 2nd bank of U.S.

Front 63

Election of 1840

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William Henry Harrrison wins with his log cabin campaign involving buttons and posters.

Front 64

Rapid Urbanization and Immigration

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1840-1860; 40-50% unskilled, poor, Catholic Irish; 20-25% skilled, educated Germans with rural interests.

Front 65

Native American Party

Back 65

white men "native" to America; against immigration

Front 66

Know-Nothings

Back 66

very secretive and against immigration.

Front 67

What early innovations began America's economic revolution?

Back 67

canals, steamboats, steam engine and railroads. people followed railroads and experienced incredible growth from 1850-1860.

Front 68

Telegraph

Back 68

then-fastest form of communication; sent electrically transmitted code.

Front 69

Advantages of corporation

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creates jobs, encourages investments, and helps economy flourish.

Front 70

Factory

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mainly to make textiles; hired many women.

Front 71

The Lowell System

Back 71

saw all stages of textile production done under one roof, with employees living in company housing, and away from home and family. ladies held to strict hours and rigid morals. eventually declined.

Front 72

What kind of work force was created by industrialism?

Back 72

immigrants under harsh conditions performing the lowliest jobs possible.

Front 73

Women and the "Cult of Domesticity"

Back 73

domestic roles such as teachers and housekeepers.

Front 74

What was caused by factories?

Back 74

interchangeable parts, deskilling of craftsmen, new concept of time being rigid and regimented.

Front 75

2nd Great Awakening

Back 75

christian revival that brought about the methodists and baptists.

Front 76

Adventists

Back 76

formed by William Miller, read Bible and became a believer, changed apocalypse prediction 3 times.

Front 77

Mormons

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founded by Joseph Smith, multiple wives, Brigham led great migration from illinois to salt lake city.

Front 78

Rappites

Back 78

George Rapp and Robert Owen; possessions held in common, celibacy, imminent return of Jesus.

Front 79

Charles Fourier

Back 79

cooperative efforts, women and gays receive equal rights, founded la reunion which merged with Dallas.

Front 80

Shakers

Back 80

(mother) Ann Lee believes she is Jesus, celibacy and pacifism.

Front 81

Oneida

Back 81

John Humphrey Noyes, productive labor and complex marriage, possessions held in common.

Front 82

Amana

Back 82

most enduring of communes and transformed into business.

Front 83

Horace Mann

Back 83

organized the growth of public schools out of desire for an educated workforce.

Front 84

Dorothea Dix

Back 84

advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill.

Front 85

Southern trade and industry

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weak manufacturing, bad regional transportation; all agriculture.

Front 86

Cavalier Image

Back 86

southern opinion of self-superiority.

Front 87

Planter Aristocracy

Back 87

1% owned more than 1 slave; not representative of the South.

Front 88

Plain folk

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owned little or no slaves, limited education opportunities, close relations with aristocracy.

Front 89

Task & Gang systems

Back 89

gang system sent slaves in groups w open ended amt of work to be done.

Front 90

Slave life

Back 90

high mortality rate, either house or field slaves, subject to sexual abuse from master.

Front 91

What happened to free blacks in the north?

Back 91

tightened restrictions as sectional differences w/ South arose.

Front 92

Slave trade

Back 92

inspected "goods" at auction as if slaves were animals; big monetary investment by buyers.

Front 93

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Back 93

bloody revolt of slaves in Virginia; realized the long time fear of white slaveholders.

Front 94

Pidgin

Back 94

made up synthesis of multiple languages used by slaves.

Front 95

Importance of spirituality

Back 95

only source of hope that things would get better, used as a crutch.

Front 96

Slave family

Back 96

close kinships of paternal nature.

Front 97

Early solution to abolition

Back 97

return slaves to Africa, ultimately a failure.

Front 98

William Lloyd Garrison

Back 98

calls for immediate abolition, published The Liberator and founded american anti-slavery society.