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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the Vesey conspiracy? |
A black conspiracy to seize Charleston |
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The cultivation of which crop required slaves to work in a "task system"? |
Rice |
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What is meant by the "underground economy" of the slaves? |
The economic activities of the slaves outside their normal duties |
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Where did most African American in the nineteenth century experience slavery? |
On plantations with 20 or more slaves |
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Why were the mortality rates in the plantations of Louisiana often very high? |
Slaves had to work in the night during the harvest season |
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How were the lives of urban slaves different from those of slaves working on cotton plantations? |
Slaves in the city did a wider range of jobs and enjoyed more autonomy |
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What impact did the relocation of slaves' spouses to different plantations or farms have on slave families? |
It resulted in the formation of female dominated families |
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Most of the great planters of the pre-civil war period were _________ |
Self-made men |
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About what percent of white southerners were members of slaveholding families? |
25% |
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How did the non-slaveholding farmers come to depend on the blacks? |
The degraded status of the blacks made them feel good about themselves |
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Why did the planters refer to the slaves as "our people"? |
The planters saw themselves in the role of parents |
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What did Thomas Reade Cobb mean when he wrote "a state of bondage, so far from doing violence to the law of the African's nature, develops and perfects it"? |
Servitude was good for African Americans |
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What was the major cash crop found in Louisiana between New Orleans and Baton Rouge? |
Sugar |
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How did large cotton planters lower their transportation costs? |
By monopolizing land along the rivers, the South's natural transportation arteries |
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Which were the first cotton producing areas of the United States? |
Georgia and North Carolina |
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Why did public loyalty to the institution of slavery in the Upper South gradually decline? |
Slaves were less crucial to the region's growing industrial sector and diversified agriculture |
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Why didn't slavery decline in the South during the mid-nineteenth century despise the attractions of a booming industrialized economy in the North? |
Profits from the slave trade were comparable to those of the most lucrative industries |
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What impact did great planters have on society in the Deep South? |
They set values for much of the rest of society |
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Which of these is true of the cotton economy around 1860? |
It was still growing |
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How did the slave market expose the hollowness of the idea of a paternalistic plantation owner? |
Planters tore apart families, selling slaves when they needed money |
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How did relations between slaveowners and slaves on smaller estates differ from those on larger estates? |
The slaveowners and the slaves worked together in the fields |
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Why did the yeomen farmers, who disdained "cotton snobs" and rich planters, fail to respond to antislavery appeals? |
The oppression of the blacks made the farmers feel powerful as a race |
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How did the rise of short-staple cotton strengthen the hold of slavery and the plantation of the southern economy? |
It could grow anywhere in the South, which gave rise to more plantations therefore slaves |
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The conspirators of the Vesey conspiracy were compared to __________ |
The militants of the French Revolution |
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Who mobilized a large band of slaves to march on Richmond, Virginia, in 1800? |
Gabriel Prosser |
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How did abolitionist rhetoric condemning most slaveholders as sadistic tyrants influence southern rhetoric support of slavery? |
Paternalistic rhetoric grew louder |
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Why didn't the slaves generally attempt violent resistance? |
The slaves realized that direct revolts were unlikely to be successful |
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Which of the following offers the best description of "The Second Great Awakening" that occurred in the early 1800s in the United States? |
A wave of religious revivals |
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The Reverend Timothy Dwight was disturbed by the Unitarians because they __________ |
Denied the doctrine of the Trinity |
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The ______ movement called for the moderation or abstention in the consumption of alcohol |
Temperance |
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Why did the Baptists in the southern backcountry allow people who were not ministers to preach? |
The population was sparse and few ministers were available |
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Why were Lyman Beecher and other eastern evangelicals disturbed by Charles Finney's methods of preaching? |
His revival meetings were very emotional |
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What does the ideology of "separate spheres" advocate? |
Women should stay at home while men go out to work |
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What did the concept of "sorority" emphasize for middle-class women? |
Female solidarity and the importance of sexual identity |
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Which idea influenced the parenting activities of American families during the early nineteenth century? |
Each child is a separate, unique individual |
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That role did the evangelical movement assign to women? |
Keepers of moral virtue |
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The argument what was most successful with the middle and upper classes in Horace Mann's advocacy of public education was that education would _________ |
Bring social order |
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Which benevolent organization attracted most antislavery activists in the early decades of the nineteenth century? |
American Colonization Society |
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Who helped to turn the antislavery movement in a more radical direction with the publication The Liberator? |
William Lloyd Garrison |
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Working-class whites tended to oppose abolition because they feared __________ |
Increased economic competition from blacks |
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Which of William Lloyd Garrison's opinions split the abolitionist movement? |
Women should be included in the same movement as equals |
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What role did Tejanos play in the conflicts between Anglo Texans and Mexico? |
They were Texas Mexicans who sided with Anglo rebels in the war for Texas independence |
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What development triggered the 1835 uprising of Texans against their government? |
Accession of Santa Anna |
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What attracted settlers from the United States to Texas in the early 1820s? |
Generous Mexican land grants |
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Which of these made the battle of the Alamo legendary? |
A small band of Anglo rebels were able to fight off the Mexican army |
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What inspired American politicians and propagandists to call for the annexation of newer areas in the mid-nineteenth century? |
American settlement beyond the nation's borders |
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What major event in 1848 caused a huge rush of migrants from the East and abroad to California? |
The discovery of gold |
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Which of these prompted the development of a U.S. iron industry? |
Railroad expansion |
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Every railroad financing in the United States differed from the financing of mercantile or manufacturing concerns because railroads _________ |
Sold stock to the public to generate funds |
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How were the earliest railroads in America funded before 1860? |
Railroad companies sold stock to the public |
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What motivated the rapid mechanization of industry and agriculture in nineteenth-century North America? |
A shortage of cheap labor to staff factories and farms |
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What did the South gain from the Compromise of 1850? |
A new Fugitive Slave Law was passed |
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As a result of the Compromise of 1850, what did the North gain? |
California was admitted as a free state |
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_________ allowed settlers of a territory to vote for or against slavery at the first meeting of a territorial legislature. |
Popular Sovereignty |
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Why did the William Proviso initially appeal to a broad spectrum of northern opinion? |
It linked racism with resistance to the spread of slavery |
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In 1854, Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois proposed a bill to _________. |
Organize Kansas and Nebraska on the basis of popular sovereignty |
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How did the Republicans take a stand on slavery in the election of 1856? |
They wanted congressional prohibition of slavery in all territories |
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The fanatical abolitionist John Brown made his first entry into violent antislavery politics by __________ |
Killing five proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas |
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Why was Whig candidate Winfield Scott so easily defeated in the presidential campaign of 1852? |
He allied himself with the northern antislavery wing of the Whig party |
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What effect did the Kansas-Nebraska Act have on the Democratic party? |
It left the Democrats firmly under southern control |
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What was the Supreme Court's final ruling in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case? |
Scott's residence in the Wisconsin Territory established no right to freedom because Congress had no power to prohibit slavery there |
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How do most historians today view the sectional crisis of the 1850s? |
It was rooted in profound ideological differences over slavery as an institution |
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Abraham Lincoln based his opposition to slavery on his belief in __________ |
The immorality of slavery |
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How did the Republican party seek to broaden the party's appeal in the North during the 1860 presidential election? |
By giving economic matters more attention than in 1856 |
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Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin _______ |
Greatly strengthened the northern antislavery feeling |
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What was the name for Southerners who believed that the slaves states should act as a unit to secede from the Union? |
Cooperationists |
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Why did Robert E. Lee refuse to accept command of the Union troops? |
His home state was Virginia |
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Why did the states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas resist calls for immediate secession from the Union? |
Their economies were more strongly tied to those in the North |
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Why did senators and congressmen from the seceding states not support the Crittenden proposal? |
Lincoln rejected the compromise |
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Which of these battles led to the replacement of Winfield Scott with George McClellan? |
Bull Run |
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What did Abraham Lincoln suspend in the area between Philadelphia and Washington, enabling the government to arrest Confederate sympathizers and hold them without trial? |
Habeas corpus |
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Why did the North and the South find it difficult to recruit volunteers after the first year of the Civil War? |
Volunteers did not sign up when it appeared the war would be longer than expected |
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Complete the following analogy: Abraham Lincoln: __________; Jefferson Davis: ____________ |
Personal involvement in policymaking; delegation of civilian duties to the Confederate Congress |
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In 1863, Lincoln declared the emancipation of all slaves __________ |
In areas under Confederate control |
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Which of these war measures was undertaken by the North in March 1863? |
Conscription |
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What was the name for militants advocates of "peace at any price," who were active among the immigrant working classes of large cities and in southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois? |
Copperheads |
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What was the proclaimed war aim as affirmed by Congress in the summer of 1861? |
Preservation of the Union |
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Which of the following organizations promoted health in the northern army's camps through attention to cleanliness, nutrition, and medical care? |
Sanitary Commission |
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Which of these best describes the actions of Congress during the Civil War? |
Creation of national government with strong authority over the economy |
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Which of the following effects did the Civil War have on the status of women in northern society? |
Women's efforts during the Civil War broadened beliefs about what women could accomplish outside of the home |
