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67 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Half life of AFP
5-7 days
Half life of HCG
24-36 hours
When should AFP be undetectable in pediatric patients?
After 1 year of age
What is the toxicity of etoposide?
Leukemia
What is the toxicity of bleomycin?
Pulmonary fibrosis
What is the toxicity of cisplatin?
Nephrotoxicity
Which common ACH is a quaternary amine, and why does this matter?
Trospium (Sanctura)

- Doesn't cross blood-brain barrier
- Not metabolized by the liver
A rise in PSA of how much is concerning after initiation of testosterone replacement?
1 - 1.5 ng/ml/yr
What concentration of formalin should be used for initial instillation in refractory GH?
1%
What medication is given for mumps orchitis?
Interferon
HPV-?? is associated w/ penile SCC?
16
What is the expected urinary creatinine on 24 hour urine collection for an adult?
20/mg/kg
What is primary treatment for hypercalcemia?
Hydration (NS)
Where does Ca reabsorption occur in the nephron?
Distal tubule
Administration of what can be used to distinguish hypercalcemia of sarcoidosis from primary hyperparathyroidism?
Prednisone
Which radiotracer should be used for pt w/ elevated Cr (for nuclear medicine study)?
DMSA
(per an old SASP question)
What effect do thiazide diuretics have in the treatment of idiopathic hypercalcemia?
Increased Ca reabsorption in the distal tubule
Unilateral nephrectomy in a healthy adult is most likely to increase the risk of what?
Proteinuria
Which urine sample should be collected for pH testing to establish the diagnosis of RTA?
Fasting
How does angiotensin II affect GFR?
Constriction of efferent arterioles --> increased GFR

(Inhibition of this by ACEIs causes profound drop in GFR in patients w/ RAS)
What type of RAS is seen most often in children?
Intimal hyperplasia
What is most common type of RAS and what is its characteristic appearance on angiography?
Medial hyperplasia

Beads on a string
How does angiotensin II raise BP?
Increased peripheral vascular resistance
(acts directly on vascular smooth muscle)

Increased aldosterone secretion
What are 7 clinical clues that hypertension is due to RVH?
1. Age at presentation (<30 or >55)
2. No FH of HTN (+ FH suggests essential HTN)
3. Sudden onset or shorter duration of HTN
4. HTN that is difficult to control (2-3 meds, etc)
5. Accelerated, malignant HTN, or HTN crises
6. Hypokalemia
7. HTN associated w/ pulmonary edema, evidence of generalized atherosclerosis, or gradual impairment of renal function
What imaging study can be used to screen patients with mild to moderate suspicion for RVH?
What is its main downside?
Captopril renography

Must hold ACEIs prior to study
(3-5 days, other anti-HTNs OK)
What are the hallmarks of the one-clip two-kidney and one-clip one-kidney models of RVH?
One-clip two-kidney: Euvolemic angiotensin II-dependent HTN (elevated plasma renin activity)

One-clip one-kidney: Volume-expanded HTN w/ normal AII level (BP won't respond to ACEIs)
What finding on duplex US is most suggestive of RVH?
Peak systolic velocity >180cm/s
What three common urinary pathogens are not able to reduce nitrate?
Enterococcus
Streptococcus
Candida
What penile lesion is culture positive for H. ducreyi?

What is the treatment?
Chancroid

Azithromycin, erythromycin, or ceftriaxone
A female with vaginal complaints (smell, discharge) has "clue cells" on microscopy and a positive whiff test.

What is the diagnosis?
What is the treatment?
Gardnerella vaginosis

Metronidazole
(clindamycin if pregnant)
What abx should be avoided in patients with MS?
Nitrofurantoin
Which abx is considered 1st line treatment for UTI in elderly?
Flouroquinolones
What STD has oxidase-positive colonies cultured on Thayer-Martin medium?
Gonorrhea
What is the earliest finding in diabetic voiding dysfunction?
Decreased sensation
What is the most common pathogen associated w/ XGP kidney?
E coli
(Proteus is 2nd)
Non-dilated obstructive uropathy is most often associated with what?
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
What oral antibiotic can be used for VRE?
Doxycycline
If a patient had scrotal orchiectomy for NSGCT, what determines if the scrotal scar should be excised at time of RPLND?
If pt had chemo, then excision not required
How do lithium and EtOH affect vasopressin?
EtOH inhibits release by CNS (causes diuresis)

Lithium inhibits vasopressin action in the collecting duct (also causes diuresis)
How soon can a MAG-3 be performed in newborn w/ reliable results?

Why is delay necessary?
2 months

GFR is rapidly increasing
What is the first renal function parameter impaired by ureteral obstruction?
Water absorption
From deep to superficial, what are the fascial layers of the penis?
(Corpora) --> Tunica albuginia --> Buck's fascia --> Colle's fascia (also Scarpa's)
T/F: Clomiphen is not effective in men w/ elevated FSH?
True
Which Y chromosome micro deletion can still have some viable sperm?
AZFc
Terazosin should not be combined w/ what other class of anti-HTN drugs?
CCBs (especially verapamil)
Would detrussur-striated sphincteric function be synergistic or dysynergistic in patients with injuries above the brain stem?
Synergistic
What percentage of testosterone should be free and bioavailable?
Free = 2%

Bioavailable > 68%

[Portion bound to SHBG is not bioavailable]
T/F: LPP >40 cm H2O is most significant factor associated with progression of hydronephrosis in children with MMC?
True
What is the treatment of CO2 embolus during a lap case?
Stop insufflation
Release pneumoperitoneum
Place head down in left lateral decubitus position
What metabolic abnormality is most commonly seen in CF patients with stones?
Hyperoxaluria and Hypocitraturia
What is used to prevent stone formation in IBD patients with h/o calcium oxalate stone?
Calcium
What is the urine marker most specific for interstitial cystitis?
Anti-proliferative factor
What virus is associated with Kaposi's Sarcoma?
Human Herpes Virus 8
When must PDE5 inhibitor and alpha-blocker doses be separated?
Slidenafil and Vardenafil doses > 25mg must be separated from alpha-blocker by 4 hours

[Tadalfil is always safe]
What medications can be used to treat elevated prolactin in men?
Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
Which newborn abdominal tumor may spontaneously regress?
Neuroblastoma
What is the contrast dose for introperative IVP?
2.0 mg/kg (30% iodinated contrast)
DSD is caused by spinal cord lesions located where?
Between brain stem and sacral spinal cord
What is the treatment for adrenal insufficiency secondary to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage?

When is this condition commonly seen?
Glucocorticoids (dexamethasone)

First three weeks after starting anticoagulation
What is the next step after foley placement in a patient suspected of having postobstructive diuresis?
Spot check urine for osmolality, Na, and K
What is fluid replacement for patient with postobstructive diuresis?
D5 1/2NS at 1/2 previous hours UOP
How does exogenous testosterone affect semen analysis?

What about FSH and LH?
-- Semen volume is unchaged or increased.

-- Sperm count is decreased (due to decreased intratesticular testosterone)

-- FSH and LH are decreased
A 46 XX patient with CAH and genital ambiguity likely has what enzyme deficiency?
21-hydroxylase
What vessel is at greatest risk of injury from placement of umbilical trocar?
Right common iliac artery
What is normal bladder compliance?
>12 ml/cm H2O
Which PDE5 inhibitors should not be consumed with food?
Vardenafil and Sildenafil

(Tadalafil not affected by food consumption)
What is the most common cause of hypomagnesuira?
IBD associated with malabsorption