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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Half life of AFP
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5-7 days
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Half life of HCG
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24-36 hours
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When should AFP be undetectable in pediatric patients?
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After 1 year of age
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What is the toxicity of etoposide?
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Leukemia
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What is the toxicity of bleomycin?
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Pulmonary fibrosis
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What is the toxicity of cisplatin?
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Nephrotoxicity
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Which common ACH is a quaternary amine, and why does this matter?
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Trospium (Sanctura)
- Doesn't cross blood-brain barrier - Not metabolized by the liver |
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A rise in PSA of how much is concerning after initiation of testosterone replacement?
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1 - 1.5 ng/ml/yr
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What concentration of formalin should be used for initial instillation in refractory GH?
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1%
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What medication is given for mumps orchitis?
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Interferon
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HPV-?? is associated w/ penile SCC?
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16
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What is the expected urinary creatinine on 24 hour urine collection for an adult?
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20/mg/kg
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What is primary treatment for hypercalcemia?
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Hydration (NS)
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Where does Ca reabsorption occur in the nephron?
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Distal tubule
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Administration of what can be used to distinguish hypercalcemia of sarcoidosis from primary hyperparathyroidism?
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Prednisone
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Which radiotracer should be used for pt w/ elevated Cr (for nuclear medicine study)?
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DMSA
(per an old SASP question) |
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What effect do thiazide diuretics have in the treatment of idiopathic hypercalcemia?
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Increased Ca reabsorption in the distal tubule
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Unilateral nephrectomy in a healthy adult is most likely to increase the risk of what?
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Proteinuria
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Which urine sample should be collected for pH testing to establish the diagnosis of RTA?
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Fasting
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How does angiotensin II affect GFR?
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Constriction of efferent arterioles --> increased GFR
(Inhibition of this by ACEIs causes profound drop in GFR in patients w/ RAS) |
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What type of RAS is seen most often in children?
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Intimal hyperplasia
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What is most common type of RAS and what is its characteristic appearance on angiography?
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Medial hyperplasia
Beads on a string |
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How does angiotensin II raise BP?
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Increased peripheral vascular resistance
(acts directly on vascular smooth muscle) Increased aldosterone secretion |
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What are 7 clinical clues that hypertension is due to RVH?
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1. Age at presentation (<30 or >55)
2. No FH of HTN (+ FH suggests essential HTN) 3. Sudden onset or shorter duration of HTN 4. HTN that is difficult to control (2-3 meds, etc) 5. Accelerated, malignant HTN, or HTN crises 6. Hypokalemia 7. HTN associated w/ pulmonary edema, evidence of generalized atherosclerosis, or gradual impairment of renal function |
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What imaging study can be used to screen patients with mild to moderate suspicion for RVH?
What is its main downside? |
Captopril renography
Must hold ACEIs prior to study (3-5 days, other anti-HTNs OK) |
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What are the hallmarks of the one-clip two-kidney and one-clip one-kidney models of RVH?
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One-clip two-kidney: Euvolemic angiotensin II-dependent HTN (elevated plasma renin activity)
One-clip one-kidney: Volume-expanded HTN w/ normal AII level (BP won't respond to ACEIs) |
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What finding on duplex US is most suggestive of RVH?
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Peak systolic velocity >180cm/s
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What three common urinary pathogens are not able to reduce nitrate?
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Enterococcus
Streptococcus Candida |
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What penile lesion is culture positive for H. ducreyi?
What is the treatment? |
Chancroid
Azithromycin, erythromycin, or ceftriaxone |
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A female with vaginal complaints (smell, discharge) has "clue cells" on microscopy and a positive whiff test.
What is the diagnosis? What is the treatment? |
Gardnerella vaginosis
Metronidazole (clindamycin if pregnant) |
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What abx should be avoided in patients with MS?
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Nitrofurantoin
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Which abx is considered 1st line treatment for UTI in elderly?
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Flouroquinolones
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What STD has oxidase-positive colonies cultured on Thayer-Martin medium?
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Gonorrhea
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What is the earliest finding in diabetic voiding dysfunction?
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Decreased sensation
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What is the most common pathogen associated w/ XGP kidney?
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E coli
(Proteus is 2nd) |
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Non-dilated obstructive uropathy is most often associated with what?
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Retroperitoneal fibrosis
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What oral antibiotic can be used for VRE?
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Doxycycline
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If a patient had scrotal orchiectomy for NSGCT, what determines if the scrotal scar should be excised at time of RPLND?
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If pt had chemo, then excision not required
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How do lithium and EtOH affect vasopressin?
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EtOH inhibits release by CNS (causes diuresis)
Lithium inhibits vasopressin action in the collecting duct (also causes diuresis) |
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How soon can a MAG-3 be performed in newborn w/ reliable results?
Why is delay necessary? |
2 months
GFR is rapidly increasing |
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What is the first renal function parameter impaired by ureteral obstruction?
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Water absorption
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From deep to superficial, what are the fascial layers of the penis?
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(Corpora) --> Tunica albuginia --> Buck's fascia --> Colle's fascia (also Scarpa's)
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T/F: Clomiphen is not effective in men w/ elevated FSH?
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True
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Which Y chromosome micro deletion can still have some viable sperm?
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AZFc
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Terazosin should not be combined w/ what other class of anti-HTN drugs?
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CCBs (especially verapamil)
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Would detrussur-striated sphincteric function be synergistic or dysynergistic in patients with injuries above the brain stem?
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Synergistic
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What percentage of testosterone should be free and bioavailable?
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Free = 2%
Bioavailable > 68% [Portion bound to SHBG is not bioavailable] |
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T/F: LPP >40 cm H2O is most significant factor associated with progression of hydronephrosis in children with MMC?
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True
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What is the treatment of CO2 embolus during a lap case?
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Stop insufflation
Release pneumoperitoneum Place head down in left lateral decubitus position |
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What metabolic abnormality is most commonly seen in CF patients with stones?
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Hyperoxaluria and Hypocitraturia
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What is used to prevent stone formation in IBD patients with h/o calcium oxalate stone?
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Calcium
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What is the urine marker most specific for interstitial cystitis?
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Anti-proliferative factor
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What virus is associated with Kaposi's Sarcoma?
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Human Herpes Virus 8
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When must PDE5 inhibitor and alpha-blocker doses be separated?
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Slidenafil and Vardenafil doses > 25mg must be separated from alpha-blocker by 4 hours
[Tadalfil is always safe] |
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What medications can be used to treat elevated prolactin in men?
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Bromocriptine
Cabergoline |
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Which newborn abdominal tumor may spontaneously regress?
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Neuroblastoma
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What is the contrast dose for introperative IVP?
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2.0 mg/kg (30% iodinated contrast)
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DSD is caused by spinal cord lesions located where?
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Between brain stem and sacral spinal cord
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What is the treatment for adrenal insufficiency secondary to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage?
When is this condition commonly seen? |
Glucocorticoids (dexamethasone)
First three weeks after starting anticoagulation |
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What is the next step after foley placement in a patient suspected of having postobstructive diuresis?
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Spot check urine for osmolality, Na, and K
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What is fluid replacement for patient with postobstructive diuresis?
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D5 1/2NS at 1/2 previous hours UOP
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How does exogenous testosterone affect semen analysis?
What about FSH and LH? |
-- Semen volume is unchaged or increased.
-- Sperm count is decreased (due to decreased intratesticular testosterone) -- FSH and LH are decreased |
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A 46 XX patient with CAH and genital ambiguity likely has what enzyme deficiency?
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21-hydroxylase
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What vessel is at greatest risk of injury from placement of umbilical trocar?
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Right common iliac artery
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What is normal bladder compliance?
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>12 ml/cm H2O
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Which PDE5 inhibitors should not be consumed with food?
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Vardenafil and Sildenafil
(Tadalafil not affected by food consumption) |
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What is the most common cause of hypomagnesuira?
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IBD associated with malabsorption
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