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67 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Glomerular filtrate and blood plasma are essentially the same, except the filtrate does not have:
a. water
b. sodium
c. potassium
d. proteins
d. proteins
As the blood passes throughthe glomerulus, which element is too large to passthrough the semipermeable membrane?
a. serum sodium
b.serum potassium
c. plasma protein
d. glucose
c. plasma protein
The normal pH of urine is:
a. 1.0 - 3.0
b. 4.5 - 8.0
c. 8.5 - 10.0
d. 10.5 - 3.0
b. 4.5 - 8.0
The body normally excretes how many liters of urine per day?
a. 0.5 liter
b. 1-2 liters
c. 5 liters
d. 7-10 liters
b. 1-2 liters
Two substances that are present in blood but not normally present in urine are:
a. sodium and chloride
b. glucose and protein
c. calcium and magnesium
d. potassium and bicarbonate
b. glucose and protein
Glomerular damage may be indicated by the presence of which of the following in the urine?
a. sodium
b. chloride
c. protein
d. potassium
c. protein
The presence of how much urine usually causes the urge to urinate?
a. 100 - 150 mL
b. 200 - 400 mL
c. 500 - 600 mL
d. 800 - 1000 mL
b. 200-400 mL
Blood pressure is regulated through fluid volume maintenance and the release of:
a. aldosterone
b. renin
c. antidiuretic hormone
d. parathormone
b. renin
A change in blood volume will result in a change in:
a. body temperature
b. heart rate
c. blood pressure
d. respiratory rate
c. blood pressure
Decreased oxygen in the blood triggers the secretion of:
a. aldosterone
b. antidiuretic hormone
c. epinephrine
d. erythropoietin
d. erythropoietin
Patients in renal failure have a deficiency of erythropoietin, which causes them to have:
a. pneumonia
b. anemia
c. seizures
d. hypertension
b. anemia
A common age-related problem in males related tothe urinary system is:
a. urethral obstruction
b. incontinence
c. relaxed pelvic musculature
d. lack of testosterone
a. urethral obstruction
If crystals on the skin are observed during the examination of patients with urinary disorders, this is recorded as:
a. ashen skin
b. edema
c. uremic frost
d. scaly skin
c. uremic frost
Tissue turgor is evaluated in patients with urinary disorders to detect:
a. uremic frost
b. Kussmaul's respirations
c. infection
d. dehydration
d. dehydration
If patients with urinary disorders have an odor of urine on their breath this may indicate:
a. urinary tract infection
b. kidney failure
c. cardiac failure
d. diabetes mellitus
b. kidney failure
Patients with urinary disorders who have potassium imbalances may have:
a. uremic frost
b. heart irregularities
c. hypertension
d. rapid respirations
b. heart irregularities
The edema found in renal failure is described as:
a. dependent
b. peripheral
c. pitting
d. generalized
d. generalized
In patients with renal failure, the skin over edematous areas is likely to be described as:
a. warm and moist
b. dry and flushed
c. pink and intact
d. pale and thick
b. dry and flushed
Normally, urine is sterile and slightly:
a. alkaline
b. acidic
c. pyuric
d. hematuric
b. acidic
A diagnostic test for the identification of microorganisms present in urine is:P
a. blood urea nitrogen
b. urinalysis
c. urine culture
d. creatanine clearance
c. urine culture
Whcih blood test needs to be within normal limits before a renal biopsy is performed?
a. elelctrolytes
b. blood urea nitrogen
c. creatanine
d. clotting studies
d. clotting studies
After a renal biopsy, what is the most important side effect to watch for?
a. infection
b. dyspnea
c. bleeding
d. fatigue
c. bleeding
Following cystoscopy, at first urine will be:
a. colorless
b. pink-tinged
c. tea-colored
d. orange
b. pink-tinged
Following cystoscopy, urine should lighten to its usual color within:
a. 4-6 hours
b. 8-10 hours
c. 24-48 hours
d. 60-72 hours
c. 24 - 48 hours
Following cystoscopy, belladonna and opium suppositories may be ordered to reduce:
a. bladder spasm
b. hematuria
c. infection
d. back pain
a. bladder spasm
Bladder perforation is rare following systoscopy, but it may be indicated by severe:
a. hematuria
b. abdominal pain
c. tachycardia
d. hypotension
b. abdominal pain
The most common health care-associated infections are:
a. skin infections
b. wound infections
c. urinary tract infections
d. blood infections
c. urinary tract infections
A patient has urethritis. Which are common symptoms the nurse would expect to find? Select all that apply.
a. dysuria
b. frequency
c. dull flank pain
d. hematuria
e. bladder spasms
f. urgency
a. dysuria
b. frequency
e. bladder spasms
f. urgency
The pain of urethritis may be reduced by:
a. antiemetics
b. back massage
c. sitz baths
d.meditation
c. sitz baths
The passage of renal calculi is facilitated by:
a. bedrest
b. opiates
c. restricted fluids
d. ambulation
d. ambulation
Which is a common symptomof pyelonephritis?
a. polyuria
b. oliguria
c.abdominal pain
d. flank pain
d. flank pain
The most common type of glomereulonephritis follows a respiratory tract infection caused by:
a. staphylococcus
b. streptococcus
c. escherichia coli
d. chlamydia
b. streptococcus
A patient has acute glomerulonephritis. Which medications are used in the treatment of this patient? Select all that apply.
a. diuretics
b. antihistamines
c. anticholinergics
d. antihyhpertensives
e. antibiotics
f. antiemetics
a. diuretics
d. antihypertenisves
e. antibiotics
A patient is in the acute phase of glomerulonephritis. Bedrest is ordered to prevent or treat heart failure and severe hypertension that result from:
a. fluid volume deficit
b. fluid volume excess
c. altered renal tissue perfusion
d. respiratory distress
b. fluid volume excess
A common nursing diagnosis for patients with acute glomerulonephritis is:
a. Fluid Volume Deficit
b. Fluid Volume Excess
c. Altered Renal Tissue Perfusion
d. High Risk for Injury
b. Fluid Volume Excess
In which of the following groups is the incidence of uric acid stones high?
a. Jewish males
b. Caucasian females
c. African-American females
d. Hispanic males
a. Jewish males
When a person is dehydrated, the kidneys conserve water, causing the urine to be:
a. dilute
b. cloudy
c. alkaline
d. concentrated
d. concnetrated
A major nursing concern for patients with renal calculi is:
a. frequent ambulation
b. emotional support
c. range-of-motion exercises
d. pain relief
d. pain relief
The treatment of choice for renal cancer is:
a. lithotripsy
b. radical nephrectomy
c. cystectomy
d. nephrostomy
b. radical nephrectomy
The location of the flank incision following nephrectomy causes pain with expansion of the:
a. abdomen
b. pelvis
c. cerebrum
d. thorax
d. thorax
Which is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract?
a. cancer of the kidney
b. cervical cancer
c. bladder cancer
d. prostate cancer
c. bladder cancer
The most frequent symptom of bladder cancer is intermittent:
a. glycosuria
b. proteinuria
c. pyuria
d. hematuria
d. hematuria
When the bladder is removed completely, urianry diversionis sometimes provided, which allows urine to be excreted through the:
a. urethra
b. ileal condiut
c. ureter
d. cystoscopy
b. ileal conduit
Which is the most effective means of assessing changes in fluid status of patients in acute renal failure?
a. monitoring edema
b. recording intake and output
c. weighing daily
d. taking vital signs
c. weighing daily
When 90-95% of kidney functionis lost, the patient is considered to be in:
a. acute renal failure
b. chronic renal failure
c. oliguric renal failure
d. anuric renal failure
b. chronic renal failure
The most life-threatening effect of renal failure is:
a. hypernatremia
b. hypermagnesemia
c. hyperkalemia
c. hypercalcemia
c. hyperkalemia
When a kidney is obtained from a living relative donor, the 1-year survival rate for transplantation is about:
a. 30-33%
b. 65-70%
c. 75-80%
d. 95-97%
d. 95-97%
Which medicaiton is the transplant recipient given to control the body's response to foreign tissue?
a. analgesics
b. immunosuppressants
c. anticholinergics
d. immunoglobulin
b. immunosuppressants
Which specific nursing diagnosis is related to the possibility of organ rejection after renal transplantation?
a. Risk for Injury
b. Altered Role Performance
c. Anxiety
d. Diarrhea
c. Anxiety
Complications of lithotripsy include:
a. bruising
b. congestive heart failure
c. dyspnea
d. thrombus
a. bruising
Risk factors for bladder cancer include:
a. obesity
b. cigarette smoking
c. high purine diet
d. sedentary lifestyle
b. cigarette smoking
Which procedure is contraindicated in patients with known renal insufficiency or diabetes mellitus?
a. IVP
b. KUB
c. Renal Scan
d. Renal Ultrasound
a. IVP
Which statements are true regarding diagnostic procedures for kidney disorders? Select all that apply.
a. with normally functioning kidneys, the serum creatanine is very high.
b. a general indicator of the kidneys' ability to excrete urea is the BUN.
c. a better measurement of kidney functioning than the BUN is serum creatanine because it is only elevated in kidney disorders.
d. with normally functioning kidneys, the urine creatanine level is high.
e. Two tests that are compared to each other and that should be opposite each other if kidneys are functioning normally are the creatanine clearance and the serum creatanine.
b. a general indicator of the kidneys' ability to excrete urea is the BUN

c. a better measurement of kidney functioning than the BUN is serum creatanine because it is only elevated in kidney disorders.

d. with normally functioning kidneys, the urine creatanine level is high.

e. Two tests that are compared to each other and that should be opposite each other if kidneys are functioning normally are the creatanine clearance and the serum creatanine.
Which of the following statements about kidney disorders are true? Select all that apply.
a. Itchiing can be caused by accumulation of calcium phosphate crystals and urea on the skin.
b. When a calculus obstructs urine flow, the urine may back up into the kidney, causing hydronephrosis.
c. In patients with hydronephrosis, urine is usually strained and examined for bacteria.
d. Most patients with chronic kidney failure retain water and sodium.
a. Itchiing can be caused by accumulation of calcium phosphate crystals and urea on the skin.

b. When a calculus obstructs urine flow, the urine may back up into the kidney, causing hydronephrosis.

d. Most patients with chronic kidney failure retain water and sodium.
Which are symptoms of an allergic reaction to iodine dye used for IVP procedures? Select all that apply.
a. Edema
b. Hives
c. Urticaria
d. Swollen parotid glands
b. Hives
c. Urticaria
d. Swollen parotid glands
Which are signs of blood loss for which the nurse observes when a patient with kidney disease returns from undergoing angiography? Select all that apply.
a. bradycardia
b. restlessness
c. dyspnea
d. bleeding at injection site
b. restlessness
c. dyspnea
d. bleeding at injection site
The eyes of a patient with a urinary disorder are examined and periorbital edema is present. What is the reason for periorbital edema in this patient?
a. dehydration
b. fluid retention
c. uremic frost
d. Kussmaul's respirations
b. fluid retention
If patients with urinary disorders have dyspnea, this may be a sign of:
a. dehydration
b. uremic frost
c. potassium imbalance
d. fluid overload
d. fluid overload
Inspection of the genetalia during the examination of patients with urinary disorders must always be done utilizing:
a. auscultation
b. palpation
c. standard precautions
d. aseptic technique
c. standard precautions
To measure residula volume, the patient must be catheterized immediately after voiding. Which of the following is an abnormal finding?
a. 5 mL
b. 10 mL
c. 25 mL
d. 75 mL
d. 75 mL
Following urologic surgery, whcih of the following outputs should be reported tothe physician?
a. Less than 30 mL/hour
b. Less than 50 mL/hour
c. Less than 70 mL/hour
d. Less than 100 mL/hour
a. Less tha 30 mL/hour
An older patient with pyelonephritis experiences a suddenly increased fluid volume. Which complication may develop for which the nurse monitors?
a. hypotension
b. congestive heart failure
c. seizures
d. thrombophlebitis
b. congestive heart failure
When the patient with renal calculi is discharged, what will thenurse teach about prevention of renal calculi? Select all that apply.
a. Continue a high fluid intake (4L of fluids daily unless contraindicated)
b. Drink most of the fluids during the day to prevent nocturia.
c. Advise the patient to drink 2 glassed of water before bed and 2 glasses when awakening at night.
d. Watch for signs of heart failure.
a. Continue a high fluid intake (4L of fluids daily unless contraindicated)

c. Advise the patient to drink 2 glassed of water before bed and 2 glasses when awakening at night.
A patient has had a nephrectomy andis protecting his chest by not breathing deeply. For which related complication must the nurse monitor?
a. Hemorrhage
b. Infection
c. Atelectasis
d. Shock
c. Atelectasis
Preoperative care for a patient undergoing an ilealor sigmoid conduit includes thorough preparation of the intestinal tract. Which antibiotic is administered that is not absorbed from the intestinal tract?
a. Keflex
b. Penicillin
c. Neomycin
d. Tetracycline
c. Neomycin
Which signs of dehydration would the nurse monitor in the patient who has had a renal transplant? Select all that apply.
a. Thready pulse
b. Bounding pulse
c. Poor tissue turgor
d. Hypertension
e. Hypotension
f. High fever
a. Thready pulse
c. Poor tissue turgor
e. Hypotension
Which diet is recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease that will reduce the accumulation of urea? Select all that apply.
a. high calcium
b. high carbohydrates
c. low fat
d. low protein
e. low sodium
b. high carbohydrates
d. low protein