Urinary System Lesson 13

Front 1

Kidneys: What do they do? 2 main components

Back 1

regulate the composition of blood. 2 things regulated are water balance and solute (electrolyte) balance.

Front 2

Ways water is lost

Back 2

1. Urination and fecal elimination cant be helped
2. Evaporation from the lungs during normal respiration (cold day)
3. Sweating. Not felt in dry climate b/c water evaporates

Front 3

Solute gains

Back 3

1.Daily eating and drinking absorb salts and ions
2. Solutes secreted from cells
3. Produced by normal cellular metabolism in small amounts
4. Humid air that enters the lungs. Salty ocean air can deliver salts into the lungs

Front 4

Solute Losses

Back 4

1. Lost through urination
2. Sweating in hot weather
3. Since water is lost in respiration so are any dissolved solutes. The loss is minimal though

Front 5

Water Disposal- body wastes produced and require disposal

Back 5

1. Uric Acid: an excess of which can lead to gout, a form of arthritis
2.Ammonia: produced as waste product of protein metabolism. Toxic and requires removal
3. Creatinine: a waste product of muscle metabolism

Front 6

Functions of the kidneys

Back 6

1.Regulates blood volume by controlling water volume
2. Blood composition by controlling solute and nutrient levels
3.blood pressure by controlling amounts of water and solutes in the blood
4. Regulates acid/base balance and blood pH by secreting acids
5. Help control # of RBCs by secreting the hormone Erythropoetin
6.produces urine, containing all unneeded materials, stores urine in bladder, gets released via ureter

Front 7

2 Kidneys:

Back 7

Bladder and some tubing that make up urinary system

Front 8

Renal Fascia

Back 8

A connective tissue layer that covers each kidney. It not only protects the kidneys but also anchors them to the abdominal wall

Front 9

Ureter

Back 9

Urine flows out of they kidneys through this to the bladder. if the renal fascia tears loose the kidneys can fall out of position causing a kink in the ureter and pinches off urine flow to bladder. Can cause urine back up.

Front 10

Urethra

Back 10

Tube that takes the urine from the bladder to the outside of the body for disposal

Front 11

Anatomy of a kidney

Back 11

- each is shaped like a kidney bean
- large blood vessels and the ureter enter in on 1 side
- the inside of the kidney is hollowed out to form a space called RENAL SINUS

Front 12

Cortex and renal medulla

Back 12

outermost region of the kidney and the middle later

Front 13

Nephrons

Back 13

Small tubule complexes located in the cortex and medulla. Functional unit of the kidney. each kidney has 1 million of these, each responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine

Front 14

Roles of Kidneys: 3 roles

Back 14

1. Filter the blood or the plasma part, into a tubule system
2. Remove any useful material from the tubule system and return it to the bloodstream by REABSORPTION
3. Can actively secrete particular substances into the tubule system

Front 15

Formation of Urine

Back 15

anything filtered or secreted into the tubule system ends up becoming part of the urine. in this way all the unwanted items are removed and useful things like water, salts and nutrients are retained

Front 16

Urine formation

Back 16

like putting all of your belongings into the garbage and then choosing the ones you wish to keep

Front 17

Glomerular Filtration

Back 17

Separates plasma fluid and small solutes from larger proteins and blood cells
- High blood pressure in glomerular capillaries forces fluid through capillary walls into the glomerular capsule

Front 18

Tubular reabsorption

Back 18

Returns filtered water and nearly all major nutrients to blood
- Primary active transport of Na+ across cell membrane drives diffusion of Cl- and water; provides energy for reabsorption by secondary active transport or passive diffusion of other substances

Front 19

Tubular secretion

Back 19

removes harmful or excess substances from blood
- substances move by active transport or passive diffusion from capillaries into tubule

Front 20

Process of the tubule system

Back 20

kidneys place everything smaller than a protein into a tubule that leads to the bladder. Then it selectively digs out all the useful items and returns them to the bloodstream. Whatever is left goes to bladder for disposal.