Urinary System (Chapter 17) Vbmc

Front 1

Kidneys filter the _____ of wastes produced by _____of food products.

Back 1

blood
metabolism

Front 2

Kidneys filter the ____.

Back 2

blood

Front 3

if waste products are not filtered out it can cause ______ or _____ ______ which is.....

Back 3

uremia or uremic poisoning

toxic levels of waste in the blood.

Front 4

Name 4 functions of the kidney.

Back 4

1. forming and excreting urine
2. filter the blood of excess or any amounts of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes
3. to output as much as intake
4. produce hormone which stimulates RBC production and maturation of RBCs in bone marrow

Front 5

Kidneys form ____.

Back 5

urine

Front 6

Kidneys in normal working order aim to make _____ and _____ equal.

Back 6

output and intake

Front 7

How do kidneys help with maintaining RBC numbers?

Back 7

produce hormone which stimulates RBC production and maturation of RBCs in bone marrow

Front 8

_____ is considered the most homeostatic organ of the body.

Back 8

kidney

Front 9

Why are patients with chronic kidney function problems likely to also be anemic?

Back 9

kidneys produce a hormone which affect RBC production and maturation

Front 10

Describe the location of the kidney.

Back 10

under the back muscles, behind parietal peritoneum,
R kidney <- lower
L kidney <- higher

Front 11

retroperitoneal

Back 11

behind the parietal peritoneum

Front 12

Renal Cortex

Back 12

Outer part of the kidney

Front 13

Outer part of the kidney

Back 13

Renal Cortex

Front 14

Renal Medulla

Back 14

The inner portion of the kidney.

Front 15

The inner portion of the kidney.

Back 15

Renal Medulla

Front 16

Renal Pyramids

Back 16

Triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney.

Front 17

Triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney.

Back 17

Renal Pyramids

Front 18

Renal Columns

Back 18

cortical tissue that dip down into medulla between the renal pyramids

Front 19

Renal Papilla

Back 19

innermost end of the renal pyramid

Front 20

innermost end of the renal pyramid

Back 20

Renal Papilla

Front 21

Renal Pelvis

Back 21

expansion of the upper end of a ureter

Front 22

expansion of the upper end of a ureter is the ....?

Back 22

Renal Pelvis

Front 23

Calyx

Back 23

Division of the renal pelvis

Front 24

Division of the renal pelvis is called ...?

Back 24

Calyx

Front 25

What is a nephron?

Back 25

anatomical and functional unit of the kidney,

Front 26

What are the 2 main parts of the nephron?

Back 26

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Front 27

There are more than a ____ of nephrons in the kidney's interior.

Back 27

million

Front 28

Describe the shape of the nephron.

Back 28

tiny funnel with a very long stem, stem is convoluted

Front 29

convoluted mean...

Back 29

has many bends in it

Front 30

The ____ ____ secretes renin.

Back 30

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Front 31

What is renin? What is its function?

Back 31

hormone
initiates constriction of blood vessels and thus raises blood pressure

Front 32

When is renin secreted?

Back 32

when blood pressure is low

Front 33

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Back 33

Secretes renin
and
regulates the function of each nephron

Front 34

Normal or Abnormal:
Urine is clear, straw colored.

Back 34

Normal
Urine should be clear (able to see through it).

Front 35

Normal or Abnormal:
Deep Yellow, slightly cloudy.

Back 35

Normal
Concentrated urine can be a deep yellow.
Cloudiness may be normal and indicate high dietary level of fat or phoshate.

Front 36

Normal or Abnormal:
Urine is a reddish shade.

Back 36

Abnormal
Red color in urine is abnormal.

Front 37

Normal or Abnormal:
Green colored urine

Back 37

Abnormal
Green colored urine can be caused by bacterial toxins when suffering from a Pseudomonas Infection

Front 38

Normal or Abnormal:
Mineral Ions like Na+, Cl-, K+

Back 38

Normal
Mineral Ions like Na+, Cl-, K+ are found in normal urine.

Front 39

Cloudiness may be normal in urine when it indicates...?

Back 39

indicates high dietary level of fat or phosphate.

Front 40

Cloudiness may be abnormal in urine when it indicates...? (5)

Back 40

bacteria, RBCs and WBCs, casts, protein, or crystals in the urine

Front 41

What are the 3 general causes for abnormally colored urine?

Back 41

1. pathological condition
2. Certain foods
3. Numerous drugs

Front 42

Normal or Abnormal:
Ketones in urine.

Back 42

Abnormal

Front 43

Normal or Abnormal:
Glucose in urine

Back 43

Abnormal
Glycosuria indication of high levels of sugar in the blood.

Front 44

Normal or Abnormal:
Ammonia in urine.

Back 44

Normal

Front 45

Crystals in urine indicate...?

Back 45

uric acid or phosphate/ calcium oxalate in concentrated urine

Front 46

Normal or Abnormal:
Creatinine in urine.

Back 46

Normal

Front 47

Normal or Abnormal:
Urea in urine.

Back 47

Normal

Front 48

Normal or Abnormal:
Uric Acid in urine.

Back 48

Normal

Front 49

Normal or Abnormal:
Urine smells strong, sweet and fruity.

Back 49

Abnormal
Fruity/sweet smell indicates glycosuria

Front 50

Normal or Abnormal:
Urine smells foul.

Back 50

Abnormal
Foul smelling urine indicates a UTI

Front 51

Normal or Abnormal:
Urine smells slightly aromatic.

Back 51

Normal

Front 52

Normal or Abnormal:
Urine smells musty.

Back 52

Abormal
Musty smelling urine indicates phenylketonuria

Front 53

Normal or Abnormal:
Urine smells like maple syrup.

Back 53

Abnormal
Maple syrup smelling urine indicates a congenital defect in protein metabolism

Front 54

Normal or Abnormal:
Urine smells ammonia after it is left standing.

Back 54

Normal

Front 55

What is the normal pH range for urine? the average?
(for an adult)

Back 55

4.6 to 8.0 pH
Average is 6.0pH

Front 56

What is the normal specific gravity range for urine in a newborn?

Back 56

1.001 to 1.020

Front 57

What is the normal specific gravity range for urine in an adult?

Back 57

1.005 - 1.030

Front 58

Body fluids have excess base urine pH will be____.
(high or low)

Back 58

high

Front 59

Body fluids have excess acidity urine pH will be____.
(high or low)

Back 59

low

Front 60

Low specific gravity indicates what?

Back 60

Chronic Renal Diseases
or
Overhydration