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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four functions the kidneys carry out to contribute to homeostasis?
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1. excretion of metabolic waste
2. maintenence of acid-base balance 3. Secretion of hormones (renin, leads to the secretion of aldosterone involved in regulating the water-salt balance) 4. Reabsorb filtered nutrients and convert vitamin D |
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What is the normal pH of urine? of blood?
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6, 7.4
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What is the term for when excess filtrate appears in the urine? What causes this, what condition would the person have? What does this do to the osmolarity and what does it mean for the reabsorption?
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glucosuria, the person exceeded the renal threshold because the liver failed to store glucose as glycogen, this caused hyperglycemia. It RAISES the osmolarity, therefore, less water is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillary network.
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What are the reabsorbable filtrate components?
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most water most nutrients (glucose, amino acids), and required salts (ions), Na+ Cl-
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What makes the ADH? What does it stand for? What is it also called?
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Made by hypothalamus, stands for antidiuretic hormone aka vasopressin
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Why would ADH be released into the blood stream and what was the area it was stored in?
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released in the blood stream by osmolality, stored in posterior pituitary gland
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What is the thirst center?
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Hypothalamus
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What does CAPD stand for and what does it refer to?
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Continuous ambulatory peritoneal Dialysis, a fresh amount of dialysate is put directly into the abdominal cavity from a bag that is temporarily attached to a permanent plastic abdominal tube. Flows into the peritoneal cavity from bag strapped to shoulder, an indv
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What would they add to the blood of a person if i was too acidic?
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A buffer HCO3-
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What is dialysis?
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diffusion of dissolved molecules through a semipermeable natural or synthetic membrane that has pore sizes that only allow small molecules to pass through.
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What is the machine used to do a dilaysis, and what does it do?
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artificial kidney machine, basically does the function of the kidney which is to filter the blood (glomerular filtration) by trapping the large substances. Substances more concentrated in the blood diffuse into the dialysate, and substances more concentrated in the dialysate pass into the blood.
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What is one of the first signs of nephron damage?
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AlbuminWBC's/RBC in urine
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what are kideny stones made up of?
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calcium, phosphate, uric acid, and protein
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what condition is caused by disease or damage to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, or the infundibulum resulting in a deficiency or lack of aDH?
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Diabetes insipidus
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CS: What was Casey's diagnosis, and what did they find with her urinalysis to lead to the diagnosis, what was the treatment for her?
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Diabetes insipidus, her specific gravity was way way off (her urine was too dilute), treatement included nasal spray containing ADH
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What is another name for ADH?
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vasopressin
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Can cranberry juice prevent a urinary tract infection? How?
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prevents bacteria that would cause infection from adhering to the surfaces of the urinary tracts, NOT AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR AN ALREADY EXISTING TRACT INFECTION
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What can vinegar be used for?
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jellyfish sting
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VITAL SIGNS: What caused the abdominal pain the patient was suffering from in the urinary system section? where was it? What did the urinalysis test show?
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central abdominal pain that had migrated into his right lower quadrant (confused for appendicitus) pain due to renal calculi, strongly positive for sugar (orange-brown)
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VITAL SIGNS: What are the 2 classic symptoms the article at the end of the urinary system section of diabetes?
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poydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyuria (excessive urination)
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What are the 2 words for diabetes that are classic symptoms of it in vital signs article?
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polydipsia and polyuria
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what is the normal fasting blood sugar range?
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70-99
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Why is polydipsia a sign of diabetes?
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the high amount of sugar in the patient's blood causes the kidenys to draw off an abnormally large amount of water to dilute the sugar load.
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VITAL SIGNS What did they give the patient who came in for abdominal pain? Why?
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insulin to improve his glucose metabolism
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VITAL SIGNS: What did the kidney stones cause the patient ot have in the article about the abdominal pain?
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diabetes
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what test is done to show a dangerous sign of uncontrolled diabetes?
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Urine spot test for acid accumulation
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Science Focus: What is the benefit of transplanting a lab grown blader?
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There is less risk of rejection when a lab grown bladder is transplanted
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SF? How idd they grow a bladder in the lab? The risk of what was decreased in these patients, how did this happen?
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By contributing cells from his/her own diseased bladder, those cells were cultured in a lab and encouraged to from a new bladder by growing them on a collagen from shaped like a bladder. Risk of kidney damage was decreased in these individuals by lowering the pressure inside their enlarged bladders.
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