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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Regulated by the kidneys |
* water content of the blood * blood pH level * blood ion concentration |
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Hilum |
notch on the medial surface of the each kidney |
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Calyces |
collects the urine leaving the renal papilla during the beginning of the plumbing system of the urinary system |
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Nephron |
*function unit of the kidney *function is blood processing and urine formation |
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Components of the renal corpuscle |
*Glomerulus *Bowman's capsule |
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Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
secrets renin when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole drops |
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Filtration |
* movement of water and solutes form the plasma in the glomerulus across the glomerular capsular membrane and into the capsular space of the Bowman's capsule *substances pass from the glomerulus and into the Bowman's capsule |
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Juxtaglomerular cells |
resides in the afferent arteriole |
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Micturition |
urination |
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Glomerulus |
one of the most important capillary networks for survival |
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Urine formation
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*Filtration *Reabsorption *Secretion |
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Secretion |
movement of molecules out of the peritubular blood and into the tubule for excretion |
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Proximal convoluted tubule |
under normal conditions most -water -electrolytes -nutrients are reabsorbed here |
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Henle Loop |
*considered a countercurrent structure (flow with in opposite directions of the other) *fluid exiting the Henle loop becomes less concentrated with Na+ and Cl ions |
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Water loss from the blood is reduced by.... |
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Aldosterone |
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Dysuria |
painful urination |
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Normal contents of urine |
* nitrogenous waste * hormones *pigments |
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Symptomatic of diabetes mellitus |
*copious (abudent) urination *glycosuria (excess sugar in the urine) * diuresis (excess production of urine) |
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Sodium cotransport |
proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb nutrients from the tubule fluid, notably glucose and amino acids, into peritublar blood by active transport mechanism |
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Hydrostatic pressure gradient |
drives the filtration out of the plasma and into the nephron |
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In the renal tubule |
Na+ is reabsorbed via active transport |
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99% of filtrate... |
must be reabsorbed from the tubular segment of the nephron |
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Hydronephrosis |
urine backs up into the kidneys causing swelling of the renal pelvis and calyces |
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renal calculi |
kidney stones |
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Uremia |
final stage of chronic renal failure |
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Neruogenice Bladder |
involuntary retention of urine with subsequent distention of the bladder |
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Cystitis |
inflammation of the bladder |
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Pyelonephritis |
inflammation of the renal pelvis and connective tissues of the kidney |
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Acute renal failure |
abrupt reduction in kidney function - oliguria -sharp rise in nitrogenous compounds in the blood |
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Chronic renal failure |
progressive condition resulting from gradual loss of nephrons |
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Renal colic |
kidney pain caused by destruction of the ureters by large kidney stones |
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Acute glomerulonephritis |
common form of kidney disease causes by delayed immune response to stretococcal infection |
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Proteinuria |
albumin in the urine |
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Urethritis |
inflammation of the urethra that commonly results from bacterial infection |
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Dialysis |
use of artificial kidney to remove waste maters from the blood |
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Uremia |
failure of the kidneys to remove wastes from the blood |
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Secretion |
Hydrogen ions are transferred from blood into the urine |
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Reabsorption |
allows the blood to retain most body nutrients |
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External urethral sphincter |
Voluntary control of urination is achieve by the action of this muscle |
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Ureter |
carries urine from the kidney to the bladder |
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Glomeruli |
capillary loops contained within Bowman's capsule |
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Pyramids |
triangular division of the medulla |
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Trigone |
located in the bladder |
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Hematuria |
blood in the urine |
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Anuria |
absence of urine |
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Nephritis |
inflammation of kidney |
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oliguria |
scanty amount of urine |
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Polyuria |
large amount of urine |
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Preteinurai |
Excessive amount of protein in urine |
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Rugae |
folds lining the bladder |
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Urethra |
passes through the prostate gland |
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BUN |
test for renal dysfunctions |
