Urinary System 2

Front 1

The formation of urine begins

Back 1

with the glomerulus in the glomerular capsule

Front 2

BP in glomerulus is ___ to ___ times higher than in other capillaries.

Back 2

3 to 4

Front 3

Movement of H2O and dissolved minerals thru a membrane under pressure is called_____

Back 3

Filtration

Front 4

Movement of materials under pressure from the blood into the capsule is _____

Back 4

glomerular filtration

Front 5

The fluid that enters the glomerular capsule is called___

Back 5

glomerular filtrate

Front 6

The process of filtration that occurs in the glomerular capsule is followed by a process called __

Back 6

tubular reabsorption

Front 7

Higher concentration to lower
concentration

Back 7

diffusion

Front 8

Diffusion of water thru a semi
permiable membrane

Back 8

osmosis

Front 9

Movement of material through
the plasma membrane against
the concentration gradient
using energy and transporters.

Back 9

Active transport

Front 10

Hormone released from the
adrenal cortex under effects
of angiotensis

Back 10

aldosterone

Front 11

Atrial myocardial cells
released when BP is too high

Back 11

ANP
Atrial natriuretic peptide

Front 12

Made in the hypothalmus and
released from the post pituitary when blood becomes
too concentrated

Back 12

ADH
Antidiuretic hormone

Front 13

Enzyme produced by renal cells
when BP falls too low for
effective filtration

Back 13

renin

Front 14

Protein in the blood that is
activated by Renin

Back 14

Angiotensin

Front 15

Promotes reabsorption of sodium
and water in the kidney to
conserve water and increase BP

Back 15

Aldosterone

Front 16

Causes kidney to excrete
sodium and water to decrease
blood volume and BP

Back 16

ANP

Front 17

Promotes reabsorption of H2O
from the distal convoluted tubule
and collecting duct to
concentrate the urine + conserve
water

Back 17

ADH

Front 18

Activated angiotensin in the
blood

Back 18

Renin

Front 19

Causes constriction of vessels
to raise BP; also stimulates
release of aldosterone from the
adrenal cortex and ADH from
the post pituitary

Back 19

Angiotensin

Front 20

Substances are actively moved
from the blood into the nephron.
This adjustment is ___

Back 20

tubular secretion

Front 21

The kidneys regulate the acid-
base (pH) of body fluids by active
secretion of ____ ___

Back 21

hydrogen ions

Front 22

Fluid traveling in opposite
directions within the ascending
and decending limbs of the
nephron loop to regulate the
amount of water eliminated

Back 22

countercurrent mechanism

Front 23

The release of ADH from the post
pituitary is regulated by a
___ ___

Back 23

feedback system

Front 24

As blood becomes more
concentrated the ____ triggers
more ___ release fron the post
pituitary.

Back 24

hypothalmus
ADH

Front 25

As the blood becomes more
dilute less ___ is released.

Back 25

ADH

Front 26

In diabetes insipidus there is
an inadequate secretion of ___
from the hypothalmus resulting
in polyuria and polydipsia

Back 26

ADH

Front 27

Glomerular filtration allows
diffusible materials to pass from
the ___ into the ___

Back 27

blood
nephron

Front 28

Tubular reabsorption moves use-
ful substances back into the
___ while keeping waste in the
____ to be elimated as urine

Back 28

blood
nephron

Front 29

Tubular secretion moves
additonal substances from the __
into the ___ for elimination.

Back 29

blood
nephron

Front 30

The countercurrent mechanism
concentrates the urine and
reduces the ____ excreted

Back 30

volume

Front 31

The kidneys internal mechanism
for maintain adequate filtration
pressure. Specialized portion of
the nephron is the ___

Back 31

juxtagolmerular (JG) apparatus

Front 32

Urine is moves along the ureter
from the kidneys to the bladder
by ___ and ___ at frequent
intervals

Back 32

gravity
peristalsis

Front 33

The bladder's lining is in folds called ____

Back 33

rugae

Front 34

A moderately full bladder holds
about ___ pint of urine

Back 34

one

Front 35

The triangular-shaped region in
the floor of the bladder

Back 35

trigone

Front 36

The JG apparatus is made up of
cells from which two structures?

Back 36

Distat convoluted tubule
afferent arteriole

Front 37

The pH of fresh urine is

Back 37

6.0
range of 4.5 to 8.0

Front 38

The amount of dissolved
substances in urine is indicated
by____

Back 38

specific gravity

Front 39

Some of the dissolved
substances found in urine are __

Back 39

Nirtogenous waste products- urea
Electrolytes - NaCl sulfates phos
Pigment - bile or food

Front 40

Older pts have decrease in # and size of nephrons. This may
lead to and increase in __ __ __

Back 40

Blood urea nitrogen
(BUN)

Front 41

The normal amount of body
water is ___ to ___% of body
weight

Back 41

50 - 70

Front 42

Extracellular fluid includes

Back 42

Interstitial fluid, blood plasma,
lymph, Fluid in special compart
ments (eyes)

Front 43

About 200 mL of water is
produced daily as a by-product
of _____

Back 43

cellular respiration
(called metabolic water)

Front 44

Water is being lost from the
body in these 4 ways

Back 44

kidneys, skin, lungs, intestinal
tract

Front 45

The control center for thrist is
in the

Back 45

hypothalmus

Front 46

Positive ions are called

Back 46

cations

Front 47

Positive ions are

Back 47

#1 Sodium
#2 Potassium
#3 Calcium

Front 48

Negative Ions include

Back 48

Phosphate
Chloride - #1 anion in extracell
ular fluids

Front 49

Parathyroid hormones ___ blood
calcium levels causing the bones
to ___ ca and kidneys to
reabsorb ca

Back 49

increase
release

Front 50

Thyroid hormone ___ lowers blood ca by causing ca to be
deposited in the ___

Back 50

ca;cinotin
bones

Front 51

Systems that act together to
counteract pH shifts

Back 51

Buffer system
Respiration
Kidney function