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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the urinary system's primary functions?
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1) control the composition, volume, and pressure of the blood
2) remove non-solid wastes |
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what organs comprise the urinary system?
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a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.
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kidneys
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right is lower than the left; sits in an adipose capsule; indent of kidney = hilus; retroperitoneal
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kidney layers
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outer cortex and the inner medulla
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outer cortex
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light red; vascular tissue; filtration occurs here
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inner medulla
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deep, dark brown; renal pyramids (papilla at apex); renal columns (veins & arteries pass through here)
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nephron
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functional unit of the kidneys; 1 million nephrons per kidney; filtrate is produced from wastes from blood; filtrate passes through tubules & necessary substances are taken back into blood stream; remaining filtrate is urine
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within the nephron
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corpuscle & tubules; renal corpuscle (glomerulus & Bowman's capsule); proximal convoluted tubule; Loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule; collecting duct
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renal corpuscle
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where blood is filtered; blood enters through afferent arteriole into glomerulus (capillary knot); high pressure in glomerulus causes filtration across capillary; walls of capillaries act as a filter - keep solids in bloodstream, force out plasma (liquid); blood filtrate pushed into Bowman's capsule
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renal tubules
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made of cuboidal epithelium; proximal convoluted tubule; loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule; collecting ducts
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proximal convoluted tubule
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sugars & water reabsorbed
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loop of Henle
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salts and water reabsorbed
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distal convoluted tubule
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osmotic pressure adjusted based on salinity; additional nitrogenous wastes added to filtrate
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collecting ducts
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last site of water reabsorption
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ureters
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bring urine to the bladder (enters floor of bladder at trigone)
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bladder
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a hollow, muscular organ for storing urine only (no absorption here); has rugae like the stomach; 2 valves - internal sphincter & external
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internal sphincter
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made of smooth muscle - opens when the bladder is full (involuntary)
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external sphincter
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made of skeletal muscle - stays closed until bladder contracts to void (when a person relaxes their bladder to empty it - voluntary)
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