Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
primary organ of the urinary system
|
kidney
|
|
|
accessory organs of the urinary system
|
ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
|
|
|
kidney functions
|
maintaining water volume in blood, maintaining levels of ions (electrolytes) in blood, maintaining pH of blood and removing toxic wastes from blood
|
|
|
what does the ureter do?
|
transports urine from kidneys to bladder.
|
|
|
peristalsis
|
wave of muscular contractions that moves urine forward
|
|
|
name muscle found in the urinary bladder
|
detrusor
|
|
|
trigone
|
posterior triangular area between ureter pair above urethral opening below
|
|
|
rugae
|
inner epithelial lining thrown into folds
|
|
|
urethra
|
transports urine out of bladder for elimination
|
|
|
internal sphincter
|
junction of bladder and urethra; involuntary control
|
|
|
external sphincter
|
eliminates urine; voluntary control
|
|
|
urethral orifice
|
opening into environment
|
|
|
male urethra
|
longer, serves both urinary and reproductive systems; prostatic -->membranous-->spongy; ejaculatory ducts empty to the prostatic urethra
|
|
|
female urethra
|
short, serves only urinary system
|
|
|
micturition
|
urination
|
|
|
When the detrusor muscle is contracted
|
the internal sphincter is relaxed and urine exits bladder into urethra.
|
|
|
How much urine can the bladder store?
|
2 cups, 250 ml
|
|
|
Path of waste-rich blood in kidney:
|
abdomnial aorta - renal artery - segmented artery - lobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery - afferent arteriole - glomerulus
|
|
|
Path of clean, filtered blood from nephron back to circulatory system:
|
peritubular capillary network - interlobular vein - arcuate vein - renal vein - inferior vena cava
|
|
|
What does the Proximal Convoluted Tubule reabsorb?
|
sodium, glucose, amino acids chloride, water
|
|
|
What is reabsorbed at the Loop of Henle?
|
water, sodium, chloride
|
|
|
What is reabsorbed at the Distal Convoluted Tubules?
|
water
|
|
|
Where does the most reabsorption occur?
|
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
|
|
|
tubular secretion
|
wastes, excess ions...still in pertibular blood are removed and secreted into nephron tubule
|
|
|
Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting Ducts
|
major sites of tubular secretion, molecules from pertibular blood move into tubular fluid
|
|
|
urine composition
|
water, nitrogenous wastes (urea, ammonia, creatinine), electrolytes, toxins, pigments, hormones
|
|
|
urine pH
|
4.6 - 8
|
|
|
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
|
targets collecting tubules to promote water reabsorption. reabsorption retains more water. decreases urine output.
|
|
|
Aldosterone
|
renin secreted -> triggers RAAS mechanism & aldosterone secretion -> increased Na+ and water reabsorption ...urine output decreases
|
|
|
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)
|
targets nephron tubules. decreases NA+ and water reabsorption. more urine formed.
|
|
|
urinary mechanism of pH control
|
increase in H+ increases acidity and lead to acidosis. H+ is secreted into urine and removed from body, this helps avoid the blood from becoming acidic.
|
|
|
blood buffer
|
sodium bicarbonate = NaHCO3 ... generally Na+ is reabsorbed in exchange for H+; combines with HCO3- to form sodium bicarbonate
|
