Urinary Histo

Front 1

Renal capsule composed of?

Back 1

Dense irregular collagenous CT

Front 2

Medullary rays are part of which part of the kidney?

Back 2

Cortex

Front 3

What does a renal lobule consist of?

Back 3

1 collecting duct & the nephrons draining iton it (many lobules in one lobe)

Front 4

Two components of renal corpuscle?

Back 4

1. Bowman's capsule
2. Glomerulus

Front 5

Which cell type forms the visceral layer of bowman's capsule?

Back 5

Podocytes

Front 6

Function of podocytes?

Back 6

Contain processes that interdigitate w/ each other forming a filtration slit--> filters out molecules larger than 69 kDa

Front 7

What cell type lines parietal layer of renal corpuscle?

Back 7

Endothelium-- simple squamous epithelium

Front 8

What is glomerular ultrafiltrate?

Back 8

Liquid which passes through & ends up in urinary space & ultimately becomes urine

Front 9

What cell type lines proximal tubule?

Back 9

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 10

Role of proximal tubule? (3)

Back 10

1. Reabsorbs Na (H2O follows)
2. Reabsorbs amino acids & sugars
3. Modifies pH by reabsorption of bicarbonate & secretion of acids/bases

Front 11

What cell type lines loop of Henle?

Back 11

Simple squamous epithelium

Front 12

Function of descending limb of loop of henle? (2)

Back 12

1. Highly permeable to H2O (aquaporins)
2. Permeable to urea, Na, Cl & other ions

Front 13

Function of ascending limb of loop of henle? (1)

Back 13

1. Only moderately permeable to water

Front 14

Do you see more distal tubules or proximal tubules in tissue sections? why?

Back 14

More proximal tubules-- longer than distal tubules

Front 15

Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water & urea?

Back 15

Distal tubule

Front 16

Roles of distal tubule? (3)

Back 16

1. Cl pumps--> transport Cl from lumen
2. Uromodulin--> impedes kidney stone formation
3. Na/K pumps--> reabsorb Na in response to aldosterone

Front 17

3 cell types of juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Back 17

1. Macula Densa Cells.
2. Juxtaglomerular cells
3. Extraglomerular mesangial cells

Front 18

Location & function of macula densa cells?(2)

Back 18

Location = distal tubule
Function=
1. Sensitive to ionic content & H2O volume
2. Produce signaling molecules --> promote other cells to secrete renin

Front 19

Location & function of juxtaglomerular cells? (2)

Back 19

Location = Afferent arterioles
Function =
1. Modified smooth muscle cells w/ sympathetic innervation
2. Granules w/ renin

Front 20

Location & function of extraglomerular mesangial cells?

Back 20

Location= between afferent & efferent areterioles
Function =
Same as intraglomerular mesangial cells?

Front 21

When blood pressure drops ______ cells secrete ______?

Back 21

bp decreases --> JG cells secrete --> RENIN

Front 22

Angiotensinogen is secreted by which organ? And combines w/ _____ to form ____?

Back 22

Liver secretes --> angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen + Renin --> Angiotensin I

Front 23

Angiotensin I is cleaved to form angiotensin II by which enzyme? Where is that enzyme produced?

Back 23

Lung endothelial cells --> ACE
ACE= angiotensin cleaving enzyme

Angiotensin I --> Angiotensin II

Front 24

Angiotensin II stimulates which endocrine organ to secrete which hormone?

Back 24

Angiotensin --> Adrenal Cortex secretes --> Aldosterone

Front 25

Aldosterone affects which part of collecting duct? Result?

Back 25

Aldosterone stimulates collecting duct to:
Increase Na & H2O retention --> Increases bp

Front 26

3 cell types of collecting tubules?

Back 26

1. Principal cells
2. Intercalated cells
3. Intraglomerular mesangial cells

Front 27

Collecting tubules are generally impermeable to water except....?

Back 27

Impermeable to H2O EXCEPT in presence of ADH

Front 28

Impermeability to H2O in collecting tubules due to lack of ADH will produce?

Back 28

Copious amounts of dilute urine

Front 29

Role of principal cells in collecting tubules? (2)

Back 29

1. Sensitive to ADH
2. Permeable to H2O

Front 30

Role of intercalated cells in collecting tubules?

Back 30

Type A: transport H into lumen (urine acidic)

Type B: Resorb H & secrete HCO3

Front 31

Role of intraglomerular mesangial cells?

Back 31

1. structural support
2. Phagocytic activity

Front 32

What type of cells make up transitional epithelium/ urothelium?

Back 32

Stratified epithelium

Front 33

What happens to urothelium when bladder is full/empty?

Back 33

Full-- stretches to as thin as 3 layers
Empty--6 or more layers

Front 34

Transitional epithelium is permeable or impermeable to water & salts?

Back 34

Urothelium = IMPERMEABLE to water & salts

Front 35

What are the special features of urotehlium? (2)

Back 35

1. Membrane plaques
2. Actin filaments

ACCOMMODATE DISTENSION

Front 36

What is the trigone of bladder?

Back 36

Area between 3 openings in bladder:
2 for ureters & 1 for urethra

Front 37

What is detrusor muscle?

Back 37

Forms internal sphincter for urethra
Contraction forces urine into urethra

Front 38

3 parts of male urethra?

Back 38

1. Prostatic urethra
2. Membranous urethra
3. Penile urethra