Urinary Elimination

Front 1

kidney

Back 1

maintain the composition and volume of body fluids
-every 30min the total blood volume passes through the kidneys for waste removal.
-nephrons remove end products of metabolism from the blood plasma and form urine

Front 2

bladder

Back 2

smooth muscle sac
composed of 3 layers
at base of bladder, teh middle circular layer of the muscle tissue forms the internal or involuntary sphincter, which guards the opening btwn the urinary bladder adn the urethra.

Front 3

urethra

Back 3

convey urine from the bladder to the exterior.

Front 4

act of micturition

Back 4

process of emptying hte bladder.
nerve centers are situation in the brain and the spinal cord.
stretch receptors in teh bladder are stimulated as urine collects- internal sphincter relaxes, and urine enters the posterior urethra.

Front 5

urinary incontinence

Back 5

any involuntary loss of urine that causes a problem

Front 6

urinary retention

Back 6

urine is produced normally but is not excreted completely.
factors: medications, an enlarged prostate, or vaginal prolapse.

Front 7

enuresis

Back 7

involuntary urination that occurs after an age when continence should be present
not seen as a problem until age 6.

Front 8

effects of aging

Back 8

-diminished ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine results in nocturia.
-decreased bladder muscle tone may reduce the capacity to hold urine, resulting in frequency of urination.
-decreased bladder contractility may lead to urin retention and stasis
-neuromuscular problems, degenerative joint problems, alterations in thought processes, and weakness may interfere with voluntary control

Front 9

nephrotoxic drugs

Back 9

capable of causing kidney damage. abuse of analgesics, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, some antibiotics...

Front 10

diuretics

Back 10

commonly used in teh treatment of hypertension prevent the reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes in teh tubules.

Front 11

anticoagulants

Back 11

may cause hematuria or a red colored urine

Front 12

oliguria

Back 12

scanty or greatly diminished amount of urine in a given time

Front 13

anuria

Back 13

technically no urine voided: kidney failure

Front 14

orthostatic albuminuria

Back 14

presence of albumin in urine that is voided after periods of standing, walking, or running; phenomenon of the cirulatory system and not necessarily a symptom of kidney disorder

Front 15

proteinuria

Back 15

albumin the urine; indication of kidney disease

Front 16

pyuria

Back 16

pus in the urine; urine appears cloudy

Front 17

urinary diversions

Back 17

the surgical creation of an alternate route for excretion of urine.

Front 18

stress incontinence

Back 18

involuntary loss related to an increasei n abdominal pressure during coughing, sneezing, laughing...

Front 19

urge incontinence

Back 19

associated with an abrupt and strong desire to void

Front 20

overflow incontinence

Back 20

involuntary loss of urine ass with overdistention and overflow of the bladder. signal may be underactive or absent, dribbling occurs.

Front 21

functional incontinence

Back 21

urine loss caused by factors outside the lower urinary tract. chronic impairments or physical or cognitive functioning.

Front 22

transient incontinence

Back 22

temporary reversible loss of bladder control.

Front 23

indwelling urethral catheter

Back 23

retention or foley catheters.
gradual decompression of an overdistended bladder, for intermittent bladder drainage/irrigation, and for continous bladder drainage.

Front 24

intermittent catheter

Back 24

straight catheters, are used to drain the bladder for shorter periods (5-10 min).

Front 25

suprapubic catheter

Back 25

continuous drainage. surgically inserted through small incision above the pubic area.

Front 26

urologic stents

Back 26

when a pt has a urinary tract ovstruction and isn't a candidate for surgery,. stent may be temporary or permanent. Urologic stents relieve urinary obstruction and provide a path for the flow of urine.

Front 27

reasons for catheterization

Back 27

-relieve urinary retention
-obtain a sterile urine specimen
-measure the postvoid residual PVR
-urine specimen
-emptying the bladder before, during, or after surgery
-monitoring of critically ill pts.