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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the urinary system include?
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Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
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What are the functions of the Kidneys and Ureters
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Maintains F&E, pH, BP, body fluid, excretes waste
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What is micturition?
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Urination
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What is the following process?
Detrusor muscle contracts, internal sphincter relaxes, urine enters posterior urethra Muscles of perineum and external sphincter relax Muscle of abdominal wall contracts slightly Diaphragm lowers, micturition occurs |
Process of emptying the bladder
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What is incontinence?
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involuntary loss of urine
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4 Types of incontinence?
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Transient incontinence
Stress incontinence Urge incontinence Total incontinence |
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Transient incontinence
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lasts < 6 months, caused by injury and other various causes
TEMPORARY |
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Stress incontinence
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caused by stress on the bladder (laughing, coughing, sneezing)
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Urge incontinence
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constantly feeling the need to go to the bathroom. Due to weakening of the floor muscle
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Total incontinence
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absolute loss of control of urine flow
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What are the effects of incontinence?
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Hygiene, psychosocia issues (embarassment---> isolation), possible infection, decrease in activity, etc.
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nocturia
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urination at night
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Frequency
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how often one needs to urinate
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Urgency
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how fast one needs to get to the bathroom to urinate
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What can prompt a UTI?
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dry skin/mucosa, constant wiping, certain meds, dehydration
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What is polycystic kidney disease?
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Cysts in the kidneys
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What are urinary calculi?
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kidney stones
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What effect does Hypertension hvve on the kidneys?
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It puts stress on the kidneys
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What effect does Diabetes mellitus have on the kidneys?
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Will cause a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys
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What are the kidneys important for pts with gout?
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They excrete Uric Acid
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Anticoagulants (Warfarin, enoxaparin, heparins) will cause your urine to be what color?
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red
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Diuretics will cause your urine to be what color?
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pale yellow
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Pyridium (UTI med) will cause your urine to be what color?
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orange to orange-red
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Elavil (antidepressant) will cause your urine to be what color?
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green or blue-green
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Levodopa (Parkinson's med) will cause your urine to be what color?
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brown or black
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Wat is the best way to assess urine?
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TACT
Time Amount Color/Consistency Odor |
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Diuretics cause increased urine production, resulting in the need for increased urination and possibly urge incontinence. T or F?
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True
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Diuretics—prevent ________ of water and certain electrolytes in tubules
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reabsorption
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Cholinergic medications—stimulate contraction of detrusor muscle, producing _______
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urination
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Analgesics and tranquilizers—suppress CNS, diminish effectiveness of neural _______
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reflex
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Normal fresh urine has an ammonia odor. T or F?
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True
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In order to get an accurate measurement of urine, Place ______ container on ____ surface and read at eye level.
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calibrated
flat |
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After obtaining and recording measurement of urine, Discard urine in _____ unless specimen is needed.
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toilet
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If a measurement of urine is needed, Ask patient to void into _____, ______, or _____ _____ in bed or bathroom.
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bedpan, urinal, or specimen container
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A urine specimen from a patient with an indwelling catheter should be obtained from the collection receptacle. T or F?
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False, you should collect it from the port
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What are some nursing interventions to help promote healthy urination?
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Maintaining normal voiding habits
Promoting fluid intake Strengthening muscle tone (Kegels) Assisting with toileting |
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Who is at risk for a UTI?
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*Sexually active women
*Women who use diaphragms for contraception *Postmenopausal women *Individuals with indwelling urinary catheter *Individuals with diabetes mellitus *Elderly people |
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What are some Reasons for Catheterization?
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*Relieving urinary retention
*Obtaining a sterile urine specimen *Obtaining a urine specimen when usual methods can’t be used *Emptying bladder before, during, or after surgery *Monitoring critically ill patients |
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How long after surgery can a catheter remain in?
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Up to 48 hours. Needs to be taken out BY 48hrs.
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T or F? There are no interventions effective for preventing urinary incontinence.
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False, there are plenty of effective interventions!
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