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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Drug class: Thiazide
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Prototype: hydrochlorothiazide
Dynamics: acts in distal tubule to increase excretion of salt, potassium, H2O Adverse: decreased gfr r/t fluid & electrolyte loss Tx: HPT, edema Note: monitor VS and DO NOT GIVE TO PT. W/ RENAL DISEASE! |
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Drug class: Loop
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Prototype: Furosemide
Dynamics: acts in Loop of Henle to promote excretion of salt, potassium, & H2O Adverse: fluid/electrolyte loss, esp. potassium Tx: edema from CHF, pulmonary edema, hepatic & renal disease Note: has a STRONG effect; monitor VS |
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Drug class: Potassium-sparing
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Prototype: Triamterene
Dynamics: acts in distal tubule to promote salt and H2O excretion, but promotes reabsorption of potassium Adverse: Major electrolyte imbalance; hyperkalemia in older adults Tx: HPT, edema Note: weakest diruetic when given alone; works synergistically when given w/ other diuretics |
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Drug class: Osmotic
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Prototype: Mannitol
Dynamics: sugar that draws H2O into vascular space thru osmosis; filtered in kidney but not reabsorbed, hence diuresis Adverse: serious fluid and electrolyte imbalance Tx: acute renal failure, increased intercranial pressure Note: crysallizes easily, warm drun in H2O before administering to dissolve crystals |
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Drug class: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
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Prototype: Acetazolamide
Dynamics: Prevents formation of aqueous humor and decreases intraocular pressure Adverse: ?? Tx: primarily in tx. of chronic, open-angle glaucoma Note: ?? |
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Anti-Infective/Sulfonamides
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Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP)
Brand name: Bactrim Dynamics: interferes w/ folic acid needed for biosynthesis of RDA & DNA Adverse: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, crystalluria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Tx: UTI, respiratory infections, GI infections, and STD's Note: give w/ food and increase fluid intake |
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Urinary tract antiseptics
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Methenamine, Nitrofurantoin, quinolone
Brand name: Macrodantin, Macrobid Dynamics: works by a local action in urinary tract; not a systemic medication Adverse: nausea, vomiting, dark urine Tx: UTI Note: does not achieve high serum levels |
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Urinary analgesic
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Phenazopyridine
Brand name: Pyridium Treatment: usually w/ UTI Note: may interfere with UA tests based on color reactions; this drug will turn the pt. urine ORANGE |
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Spasmolytics
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tolterodine tartrate
Brand name: Detrol Dynamics: inhibits bladder contraction Tx: overactive bladder Adverse: dry mouth, headache, dizziness Note: Do not give to pt. w/ uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma or pt. w/ urine retention |
