• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/47

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Anuria

Complete absence of urine formation or elimination


Can occur from renal shutdown; usually associated with obstruction

Continence

Storage of urine in bladder as it fills

Dysuria

Difficulty or pain on urination

Incontinence

Dribbling of urine at frequent intervals


Commonly occurs in dogs because of congenital abnormality of the ureters or urethra

Micturition

Physiological term for emptying the bladder


Commonly referred to as urination

Oliguria

A decrease in the formation or elimination of urine


Occurs with shock, dehydration, water conservation, renal failure, and insufficiency

Pollakiuria

Refers to frequent urination


Often confused with polyuria by clients

Polyuria

Formation and excretion of large volumes of urine


Associated with nephritis, diabetes mellitus, and polydipsia; may be an unreliable symptom in itself

Bile pigments

Likely contained in yellow-brain to greenish urine that foams when shaken

Hematuria hemoglobinuria

Red or reddish-brown urine indicated ____ (RBCs) or ____ (Hb)


[no ands or commons]

Myoglobinura

Brown urine may contain myoglobin from muscle cell breakdown

Isosthenuria

Fixed SG


SG ~1.008 to 1.012


Glomerular filtrate has same SG as plasma. Urine has been neither diluted nor concentrated in renal tubules

Hyposthenuria

SG <~1.008


Tubules are diluting the urine below the SG of the plasma


Osmolality measurement is less than that of plasma

Hypersthenuria

SG>~1.012


Tubules are concentrating the urine above the SG of plasma


Osmolality measurement is more than that of plasma

PCV

determines percentages of RBCs in circulating blood volume

Hemoglobin

Part of the RBCs responsible for carrying O2 and CO2

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Mean volume of a group of erythrocytes

Macrocytosis

increased MCV

Microcytosis

Decreased MCV

Normocytosis

MCV size appropriate for species

Anisocytosis

Varying cell size

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

Mean weight of Hb contained in the average RBC

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Concentration (proportion) of Hb in the average RBC

Hpochromasia

Decreased MCHC/increased level of central pallor

Hyperchromasia

Increased MCHC

Normochromasia

MCHC appropriate level of central pallor for the species

Lymphocyte neutrophil

Canine blood


Left then right

Canine blood


Left then right

Monocyte

Canine bood


Singular

Canine bood


Singular

b.Phenolsulfonphthalein

In qualitative and semi-quantitative urine analysis, which type of substance is exogenous?


a.Uric acid


b.Phenolsulfonphthalein


c.Amino acid


d.Hormone

b.30 minutes

Urine samples should be analyzed within ________ for maximum valid information.


a.2 minutes


b.30 minutes


c.1 hour


d.12 hours

d.All of the above

Normal freshly voided urine of many species is clear. Exceptions include which of the following species?


a.Rabbit


b.Horse


c.Hamster


d.All of the above

b. 5mL

It is recommended that urine sample size be standardized. An adequate sample of fresh urine is considered to be:


a. 1mL


b. 5mL


c. 10mL


d. 20mL

a.Heparin

Which is the preferred anticoagulant for conducting hematology in a parrot?


a.Heparin


b.EDTA


c.Potassium chloride


d.Acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD)

a. 90%

To maintain proper anticoagulant to blood ratio, sample tubes should be filled to at least what capacity?


a. 90%


b. 75%


c. 60%


d. 50%

c.Lipemic

Blood samples collected immediately postprandial may be:


a.Icteric


b.High in TPP


c.Lipemic


d.Low in RBCs

b.Cystocentesis

Which urine collection method is optimal for bacterial culture?


a.Manual expression


b.Cystocentesis


c.Midstream


d.Litter pan pour-off

c. Frequent urination

Pollakiuria is defined as:


a. Complete absence of urine formation


b. Increased urine excretion


c. Frequent urination


d. Decreased urine formation

c.Nucleated cell that has ruptured as a result of damage to cell during smear making

A “smudge cell” is a:


a.Fragmented erythrocyte


b.Small, dark-stained erythrocyte


c.Nucleated cell that has ruptured as a result of damage to cell during smear making


d.Tissue cell with granules

c.Hb concentration by 100 and dividing by PCV

MCHC is calculated by multiplying:


a.Dividend of PCV/RBCs by 1000


b.Hb by 10 and dividing by product of total RBC count


c.Hb concentration by 100 and dividing by PCV


d.PCV by 10 and dividing product by total RBC count

c. Multiplying PCV (%) by 10 and dividing by total RBC count

MCV is calculated by:


a. Multiplying Hb by 10 and divide by total RBC count


b. Dividing PCV by RBC count and multiply by 1000


c. Multiplying PCV (%) by 10 and dividing by total RBC count


d. Multiplying Hb concentration by 100 and dividing by PCV

b.Defined as mean weight of Hb contained within the average RBC

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin is:


a.Defined as mean weight of the RBC compared to Hb within the cell


b.Defined as mean weight of Hb contained within the average RBC


c.Recorded as femtoliters


d.Recorded as g/dL

c.In cats, only the aggregate form should be counted in a reticulocyte count

Which is true of reticulocytes?


a.They are mature erythrocytes that still contain ribosomes


b.Wright’s stain causes a polychromatophilic staining, or diffuse, purple-red color


c.In cats, only the aggregate form should be counted in a reticulocyte count


d.a and c

a. Erythrocytes

Basophilic stippling is the presence of small, blue-staining granules within:


a. Erythrocytes


b. Leukocytes


c. Platelets


d. Basophils

c.Osmometry

Which of the following is likely the most representative method of analyzing urine solute osmolar concentration?


a.Urine pH


b.Cystocentesis


c.Osmometry


d.Specific gravity

b.Avian and reptile

NRBCs are normal in which species of animals?


a.Ruminant and equine


b.Avian and reptile


c.Equine and reptile


d.Avian and equine

c. Leukocytosis

An increased WBC count is indicative of:


a. Anisocytosis


b. Agglutination


c. Leukocytosis


d. Leukopenia

a.Thrombocythemia

Which of the following describes an elevated platelet count caused by bone marrow dysfunction or pathology?


a.Thrombocythemia


b.Thrombocytosis


c.Reactive thrombocytosis


d.Physiological thrombocytosis