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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anuria |
Complete absence of urine formation or elimination Can occur from renal shutdown; usually associated with obstruction |
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Continence |
Storage of urine in bladder as it fills |
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Dysuria |
Difficulty or pain on urination |
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Incontinence |
Dribbling of urine at frequent intervals Commonly occurs in dogs because of congenital abnormality of the ureters or urethra |
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Micturition |
Physiological term for emptying the bladder Commonly referred to as urination |
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Oliguria |
A decrease in the formation or elimination of urine Occurs with shock, dehydration, water conservation, renal failure, and insufficiency |
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Pollakiuria |
Refers to frequent urination Often confused with polyuria by clients |
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Polyuria |
Formation and excretion of large volumes of urine Associated with nephritis, diabetes mellitus, and polydipsia; may be an unreliable symptom in itself |
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Bile pigments |
Likely contained in yellow-brain to greenish urine that foams when shaken |
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Hematuria hemoglobinuria |
Red or reddish-brown urine indicated ____ (RBCs) or ____ (Hb) [no ands or commons] |
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Myoglobinura |
Brown urine may contain myoglobin from muscle cell breakdown |
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Isosthenuria |
Fixed SG SG ~1.008 to 1.012 Glomerular filtrate has same SG as plasma. Urine has been neither diluted nor concentrated in renal tubules |
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Hyposthenuria |
SG <~1.008 Tubules are diluting the urine below the SG of the plasma Osmolality measurement is less than that of plasma |
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Hypersthenuria |
SG>~1.012 Tubules are concentrating the urine above the SG of plasma Osmolality measurement is more than that of plasma |
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PCV |
determines percentages of RBCs in circulating blood volume |
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Hemoglobin |
Part of the RBCs responsible for carrying O2 and CO2 |
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Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) |
Mean volume of a group of erythrocytes |
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Macrocytosis |
increased MCV |
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Microcytosis |
Decreased MCV |
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Normocytosis |
MCV size appropriate for species |
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Anisocytosis |
Varying cell size |
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) |
Mean weight of Hb contained in the average RBC |
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) |
Concentration (proportion) of Hb in the average RBC |
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Hpochromasia |
Decreased MCHC/increased level of central pallor |
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Hyperchromasia |
Increased MCHC |
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Normochromasia |
MCHC appropriate level of central pallor for the species |
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Lymphocyte neutrophil |
Canine blood Left then right |
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Monocyte |
Canine bood Singular |
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b.Phenolsulfonphthalein |
In qualitative and semi-quantitative urine analysis, which type of substance is exogenous? a.Uric acid b.Phenolsulfonphthalein c.Amino acid d.Hormone |
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b.30 minutes |
Urine samples should be analyzed within ________ for maximum valid information. a.2 minutes b.30 minutes c.1 hour d.12 hours |
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d.All of the above |
Normal freshly voided urine of many species is clear. Exceptions include which of the following species? a.Rabbit b.Horse c.Hamster d.All of the above |
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b. 5mL |
It is recommended that urine sample size be standardized. An adequate sample of fresh urine is considered to be: a. 1mL b. 5mL c. 10mL d. 20mL |
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a.Heparin |
Which is the preferred anticoagulant for conducting hematology in a parrot? a.Heparin b.EDTA c.Potassium chloride d.Acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) |
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a. 90% |
To maintain proper anticoagulant to blood ratio, sample tubes should be filled to at least what capacity? a. 90% b. 75% c. 60% d. 50% |
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c.Lipemic |
Blood samples collected immediately postprandial may be: a.Icteric b.High in TPP c.Lipemic d.Low in RBCs |
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b.Cystocentesis |
Which urine collection method is optimal for bacterial culture? a.Manual expression b.Cystocentesis c.Midstream d.Litter pan pour-off |
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c. Frequent urination |
Pollakiuria is defined as: a. Complete absence of urine formation b. Increased urine excretion c. Frequent urination d. Decreased urine formation |
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c.Nucleated cell that has ruptured as a result of damage to cell during smear making |
A “smudge cell” is a: a.Fragmented erythrocyte b.Small, dark-stained erythrocyte c.Nucleated cell that has ruptured as a result of damage to cell during smear making d.Tissue cell with granules |
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c.Hb concentration by 100 and dividing by PCV |
MCHC is calculated by multiplying: a.Dividend of PCV/RBCs by 1000 b.Hb by 10 and dividing by product of total RBC count c.Hb concentration by 100 and dividing by PCV d.PCV by 10 and dividing product by total RBC count |
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c. Multiplying PCV (%) by 10 and dividing by total RBC count |
MCV is calculated by: a. Multiplying Hb by 10 and divide by total RBC count b. Dividing PCV by RBC count and multiply by 1000 c. Multiplying PCV (%) by 10 and dividing by total RBC count d. Multiplying Hb concentration by 100 and dividing by PCV |
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b.Defined as mean weight of Hb contained within the average RBC |
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin is: a.Defined as mean weight of the RBC compared to Hb within the cell b.Defined as mean weight of Hb contained within the average RBC c.Recorded as femtoliters d.Recorded as g/dL |
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c.In cats, only the aggregate form should be counted in a reticulocyte count |
Which is true of reticulocytes? a.They are mature erythrocytes that still contain ribosomes b.Wright’s stain causes a polychromatophilic staining, or diffuse, purple-red color c.In cats, only the aggregate form should be counted in a reticulocyte count d.a and c |
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a. Erythrocytes |
Basophilic stippling is the presence of small, blue-staining granules within: a. Erythrocytes b. Leukocytes c. Platelets d. Basophils |
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c.Osmometry |
Which of the following is likely the most representative method of analyzing urine solute osmolar concentration? a.Urine pH b.Cystocentesis c.Osmometry d.Specific gravity |
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b.Avian and reptile |
NRBCs are normal in which species of animals? a.Ruminant and equine b.Avian and reptile c.Equine and reptile d.Avian and equine |
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c. Leukocytosis |
An increased WBC count is indicative of: a. Anisocytosis b. Agglutination c. Leukocytosis d. Leukopenia |
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a.Thrombocythemia |
Which of the following describes an elevated platelet count caused by bone marrow dysfunction or pathology? a.Thrombocythemia b.Thrombocytosis c.Reactive thrombocytosis d.Physiological thrombocytosis |