Urgent Ultrasound Physics - 18\hemodynamics Part Ii

Front 1

With a flow OR resistence increase, what will happen to pressure gradient?

Back 1

Pressure Gradient Increase

Front 2

With a pressure gradient increase OR a resistance decrease, what will happen to flow?

Back 2

Flow Decrease

Front 3

The ___ the pressure difference, the ___ the flow rate

Back 3

Greater

Front 4

What is the formula for calculating pressure gradient?

Back 4

PG = Flow x Resistance

Front 5

The pressure gradient formula is similar to what other formula?

Back 5

Ohm's Law
(voltage = current x resistance)

Front 6

Vein walls are (thick|thin) and (collapsible|noncollapsible)

Back 6

Thin
Collapsible

Front 7

During normal function, veins are (high|low) pressure and (fully|partially) filled

Back 7

Low
Partially

Front 8

The cross-sectional shape of a vein during normal function is ___

Back 8

Flattened & Hourglass Shaped

Front 9

Are veins typically low or high resistance vessels?

Back 9

Low Resistance (like arteries)

Front 10

How can veins handle a large volume increase without a similar increase in pressure?

Back 10

Cross-sectional shape can increase to oval and then circle

Front 11

Normal veins increase flow to the heart with a (large|small) increase in pressure

Back 11

Small

Front 12

The shape and volume of veins are determined by the pressure acting to expand them. What is this pressure called?

Back 12

Transmural Pressure

Front 13

After what point do venous pressures attain their highest levels?

Back 13

After veins are stretched to their maximum dimension

Front 14

The weight of blood pressing on a vessel measured at a height above or below heart level

Back 14

Hydrostatic Pressure

Front 15

Hydrostatic pressure is reported in what units?

Back 15

mmHg

Front 16

Blood pressure is accurately assessed when taken where?

Back 16

At the level of the heart

Front 17

When blood pressure is taken above or below the level of the heart, ___ pressure introduces ___ into the measurement

Back 17

Hydrostatic Pressure
Error

Front 18

When blood pressure is taken above the level of the heart, the measurement is too (high|low) due to ___

Back 18

Low
Hydrostatic Pressure

Front 19

When blood pressure is taken below the level of the heart, the measurement is too (high|low) due to ___

Back 19

High
Hydrostatic Pressure

Front 20

What is the hydrostatic pressure of a patient in the supine position?

Back 20

0 mmHg

Front 21

Is a blood pressure measured anywhere on a supine patient accurate?

Back 21

Yes

Front 22

A supine patient's arterial BP (measured at the arm) is 140 mmHg. What is the hydrostatic pressure at all locations within the arterial circulation?

Back 22

0 mmHg

Front 23

A supine patient's arterial BP (measured at the arm) is 140 mmHg. What is teh arterial pressure at their knee?

Back 23

140 mmHg

Front 24

A supine patient's arterial BP (measured at the arm) is 140 mmHg. What is the arterial pressure in their carotid artery?

Back 24

140 mmHg

Front 25

In a standing patient, where are negative hydrostatic pressures found? Positive hydrostatic pressures?

Back 25

- Above the level of the heart
+ Below the level of the heart

Front 26

Measured BP is a combination of what two other measurable pressures?

Back 26

Circulatory Pressure + Hydrostatic Pressure

Front 27

Downward movement of the diaphragm occurs during what portion of the respiration process?

Back 27

Inspiration

Front 28

Upward movement of the diaphragm occurs during what portion of the respiration process?

Back 28

Expiration

Front 29

What occurs to thoracic blood pressure and blood flow during inspiration?

Back 29

1. Thoracic pressure decreases
2. Thoracic venous flow increases

Front 30

What occurs to thoracic blood pressure and blood flow during expiration?

Back 30

1. Thoracic pressure increases
2. Thoracic venous flow decreaese

Front 31

What occurs to lower body blood pressure and blood flow during inspiration?

Back 31

1. Lower body pressure increases
2. Lower body venous flow decreases

Front 32

What occurs to lower body blood pressure and blood flow during expiration?

Back 32

1. Lower body pressure decreases
2. Lower body venous flow increases

Front 33

What happens to venous flow in the legs during inspiration?

Back 33

Decreases

Front 34

All of the following occur during expiration except:
A. venous return to the heart decreases
B. venous flow in the legs increases
C. abdominal pressure increases
D. diaphragm rises into the thoracic cavity

Back 34

C

Front 35

When venous flow in the leg decreases, venous return to the heart ___

Back 35

Increases

Front 36

When venous flow in the leg increases, venous return to the heart ___

Back 36

Decreases