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383 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pectoralis major (clavicular fibers) origin
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anterior surface of sternal 1/2 of clavicle
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pectoralis major (clavicular fibers) insertion
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crest of greater tubercle of the humerus
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pectoralis major (clavicular fibers) action
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shoulder flexion, medial rotation, horizontal adduction of humerus toward opposite shoulder; fixed origin: humeral adduction and MR, fixed insertion: assists in elevation of thorax in forced inspiration
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pectoralis major (clavicular fibers) peripheral innervation
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lateral pectoral
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pectoralis major (clavicular fibers) segmental innervation
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C5, C6, C7
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pectoralis major (sternal fibers) origin
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anterior surface of sternum, cartilages of 1st 6-7 ribs, and aponeurosis of external obliques
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pectoralis major (sternal fibers) insertion
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crest of greater tubercle of the humerus
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pectoralis major (sternal fibers) action
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depression of the shoulder girdle by virtue of attachment on the humerus and obliquely adducting the humerus toward the opposite iliac crest; fixed origin: humeral adduction and medial rotation, fixed insertion: assists in thorax elevation in forced inspiration
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pectoralis major (sternal fibers) peripheral innervation
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medial pectoral
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pectoralis major (sternal fibers) segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8, T1
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pectoralis minor origin
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superior margins and outer surfaces of the 3rd-5th ribs near the cartilages; and from fascia over corresponding intercostal muscles
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pectoralis minor insertion
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medial border, superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
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pectoralis minor action
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Fixed origin: tilts scapula anteriorly; fixed insertion: assist in forced inspiration; may help with downward rotation of the scapula or at least prevents upward rotation
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pectoralis minor peripheral innervation
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medial pectoral
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pectoralis minor segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8, T1
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latissimus dorsi origin
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spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, through the thoracolumbar fascia from the lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the posterior 1/3 of the external lip of the iliac crest, a slip from the inferior angle of the scapula
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latissimus dorsi insertion
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intertubercular groove of the humerus
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latissimus dorsi action
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origin fixed: shoulder medial rotation, adduction, and extension
Depression of the shoulder girdle Assists in trunk lateral flexion Insertion fixed: assists in anterior and lateral pelvic tilts and lumbar hyperextension |
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latissimus dorsi peripheral innervation
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thoracodorsal
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latissimus dorsi segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8
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teres major origin
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dorsal surface of inferior angle and lower third of lateral border of scapula
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teres major insertion
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crest of lesser tubercle of the humerus
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teres major action
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shoulder medial rotation, adduction and extension; scapular internal rotation
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teres major peripheral innervation
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lower subscapular
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teres major segmental innervation
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C5, C6, C7
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serratus anterior origin
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outer surface and superior borders of upper 8 or 9 ribs
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serratus anterior insertion
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costal surface of medial border of scapula
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serratus anterior action
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Fixed origin: abducts and upwardly rotates scapula; holds medial border of scapula firmly against the ribcage. Lower fibers may depress the scapula and upper fibers may elevate. Is the best upward rotator and posterior tilter, and also aids in scapular external rotation
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serratus anterior peripheral innervation
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long thoracic
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serratus anterior segmental innervation
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C5, C6, C7, C8
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supraspinatus origin
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medial 2/3 of supraspinous fossa of scapula
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supraspinatus insertion
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superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus, and shoulder joint capsule
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supraspinatus action
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shoulder abduction, stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity during movements, and may assist with shoulder lateral rotation from neutral to full LR
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supraspinatus peripheral innervation
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suprascapular
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supraspinatus segmental innervation
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C4, C5, C6
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infraspinatus origin
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medial 2/3 of infraspinous fossa of the scapula
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infraspinatus insertion
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middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus, shoulder joint capsule
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infraspinatus action
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shoulder lateral rotation, stabilizes the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity during movements, and prevents humeral anterior glide
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infraspinatus peripheral innervation
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suprascapular
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infraspinatus segmental innervation
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C4, C5, C6
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subscapularis origin
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subscapular fossa of scapula
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subscapularis insertion
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lesser tubercle of humerus and shoulder joint capsule
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subscapularis actions
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shoulder medial rotation, stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity during movement, and prevents humeral anterior glide
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subscapularis peripheral innervation
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upper and lower subscapular
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subscapularis segmental innervation
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C5, C6, C7
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anterior deltoid origin
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anterior border, superior surface of acromion, and lateral 1/3 of clavicle
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anterior deltoid insertion
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deltoid tuberosity
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anterior deltoid action
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shoulder abduction; shoulder flexion and medial rotation
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anterior deltoid peripheral innervation
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axillary
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anterior deltoid segmental innervation
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C5, C6
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middle deltoid origin
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lateral margin and superior surface of acromion
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middle deltoid insertion
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deltoid tuberosity
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middle deltoid action
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shoulder abduction; scapular downward rotation
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middle deltoid peripheral innervation
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axillary
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middle deltoid segmental innervation
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C5, C6
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posterior deltoid origin
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inferior lip of posterior border of spine of scapula
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posterior deltoid insertion
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deltoid tuberosity
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posterior deltoid action
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shoulder abduction, shoulder extension and lateral rotation, scapular internal rotation
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posterior deltoid peripheral innervation
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axillary
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posterior deltoid segmental innervation
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C5, C6
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upper trapezius origin
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external occipital protuberance, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous process of C7 vertebra
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upper trapezius insertion
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lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion process of scapula
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upper trapezius actions
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stabilizes scapular adduction, scapular upward rotation, scapular elevation; extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of head and joints of cervical vertebrae so face turns to the opposite side; neck extension and accessory muscle to respiration; elevates and retracts the clavicle
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upper trapezius peripheral innervation
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spinal accessory (CN XI), anterior primary rami
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upper trapezius segmental innervation
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CN XI, C2, C3, C4
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middle trapezius origin
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spinous processes of T1-T5
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middle trapezius insertion
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medial margin of acromion process and superior lip of spine of scapula
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middle trapezius action
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scapular adduction, stabilization of scapular upward rotation; scapular external rotation
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middle trapezius peripheral innervation
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spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), anterior primary rami
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middle trapezius segmental innervation
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CN XI, C2, C3, C4
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lower trapezius origin
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spinous processes of T6-T12
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lower trapezius insertion
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tubercle at apex of spine of scapula
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lower trapezius action
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primarily external rotator and upward rotator of the scapula; assist with posterior tilt
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lower trapezius peripheral innervation
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spinal accessory (CN XI) and anterior primary rami
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lower trapezius segmental innervation
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CN XI, C2, C3, C4
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levator scapulae origin
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transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 1-4
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levator scapulae insertion
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medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of the spine
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levator scapulae action
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with origin fixed: elevates the scapula and assists in rotation so that glenoid cavity faces caudally
with insertion fixed and acting unilaterally: laterally flexes cervical vertebrae and rotates to the same side acting bilaterally: assists in cervical extension |
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levator scapulae peripheral innervation
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dorsal scapular and cervical spinal nerve
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levator scapulae segmental innervation
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C4, C5
C3, C4, C5 |
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rhomboid major origin
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spinous processes of T2-T5
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rhomboid major insertion
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by fibrous attachment to medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle
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rhomboid major action
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adducts, elevates, downwardly rotates scapula; externally rotates the scapula, and stiffness helps prevent scapular internal rotation
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rhomboid major peripheral innervation
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dorsal scapular
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rhomboid major segmental innervation
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C4, C5
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rhomboid minor origin
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ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
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rhomboid minor insertion
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medial border of root of spine of scapula
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rhomboid minor action
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adducts, elevates scapula, and rotates scapula so that the glenoid cavity faces caudally; externally rotates scapula
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rhomboid minor peripheral innervation
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dorsal scapular nerve
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rhomboid minor segmental innervation
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C4, C5
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teres minor origin
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upper 2/3 and dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula
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teres minor insertion
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lowest facet of greater tubercle of the humerus, and shoulder joint capsule
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teres minor actions
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shoulder lateral rotation, stabilizes head of the humerus in glenoid cavity during movements, and scapular internal rotation
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teres minor peripheral innervation
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axillary
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teres minor segmental innervation
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C5, C6
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pronator teres origin
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humeral head: immediately above medial epicondyle of humerus, common flexor tendon, and deep antebrachial fascia
ulnar head: medial side of coronoid process of ulna |
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pronator teres insertion
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middle of lateral surface of the radius
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pronator teres action
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forearm pronation and assists in elbow flexion
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pronator teres peripheral innervation
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median
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pronator teres segmental innervation
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C6, C7
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flexor carpi radialis origin
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common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus, and deep antebrachial fascia
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flexor carpi radialis insertion
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base of 2nd metacarpal and slip to base of third metacarpal
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flexor carpi radialis action
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abduction (radial deviation) and flexion of the wrist, assists in forearm pronation and elbow flexion
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flexor carpi radialis peripheral innervation
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median
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flexor carpi radialis segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8
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palmaris longus origin
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common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus, deep antebrachial fascia
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palmaris longus insertion
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flexor retinaculum, and palmar aponeurosis
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palmaris longus action
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tenses palmar fascia, flexes wrist; assists in elbow flexion
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palmaris longus peripheral innervation
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median
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palmaris longus segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8, T1
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flexor digitorum superficialis origin
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humeral head: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint, and deep antebrachial fascia
ulnar head: medial side of coronoid process radial head: oblique line of radius |
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flexor digitorum superficialis insertion
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by 4 tendons into sides of middle phalanges of 2-5th digits
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flexor digitorum superficialis action
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flexion of PIP of 2-5th digits, assists in MCP flexion and wrist flexion
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flexor digitorum superficialis peripheral innervation
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median
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flexor digitorum superficialis segmental innervation
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C7, C8, T1
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flexor digitorum profundus origin
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anterior and medial surface of proximal 3/4 of ulna, interosseus membrane, and deep antebrachial fascia
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flexor digitorum profundus insertion
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by 4 tendons into bases of distal phalanges, anterior surface
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flexor digitorum profundus action
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flexes DIP of 2-5th fingers; assists in PIP, MCP, and wrist flexion
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flexor digitorum profundus peripheral innervation
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median-lateral-anterior, interosseus
ulnar-medial |
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flexor digitorum profundus segmental innervation
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C7, C8, T1
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flexor pollicis longus origin
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anterior surface of the body of radius below tuberosity, interosseus membrane, medial border of coronoid process of ulna, and/or medial epicondyle of humerus
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flexor pollicis longus insertion
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base of distal phalanx of thumb, palmar surface
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flexor pollicis longus action
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thumb IP flexion, assists in MCP and CMC flexion of thumb and wrist flexion
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flexor pollicis longus peripheral innervation
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median-anterior interosseus
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flexor pollicis longus segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8, T1
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flexor pollicis brevis origin
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superficial head: flexor retinaculum and trapezium bone
deep head: trapezoid and capitate bones |
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flexor pollicis brevis insertion
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base of proximal phalanx of thumb, radial side, and extensor expansion
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flexor pollicis brevis action
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flexes the MCP and CMC of the thumb; assists in opposition and may extend IP joint
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flexor pollicis brevis peripheral innervation
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median-superficial head
ulnar-deep head |
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flexor pollicis brevis segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8, T1
C8, T1 |
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pronator quadratus origin
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medial side, anterior surface of distal 1/4 of ulna
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pronator quadratus insertion
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lateral side of anterior surface of distal 1/4 of radius
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pronator quadratus action
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pronates the forearm
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pronator quadratus peripheral innervation
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median-anterior interosseus
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pronator quadratus segmental innervation
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C7, C8, T1
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abductor pollicis brevis origin
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flexor retinaculum, tubercle of trapezium and tubercle of scaphoid
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abductor pollicis brevis insertion
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base of proximal phalanx of the thumb, radial side and extensor expansion
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abductor pollicis brevis action
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palmar abduction of thumb CMC and MCP joints; extends thumb IP joint
assists in opposition and flexion, medial rotation of CMC joint |
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abductor pollicis brevis peripheral innervation
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median
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abductor pollicis brevis segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8, T1
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opponens pollicis origin
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flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium bone
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opponens pollicis insertion
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entire length of first metacarpal bone, radial side
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opponens pollicis action
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opposes thumb CMC
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opponens pollicis peripheral innervation
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median
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opponens pollicis segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8, T1
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lumbricales origin
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1st and 2nd: radial surface of flexor profundus tendons of index and middle fingers, respectively
3rd: adjacent sides of flexor profundus tendons of middle and ring fingers 4th: adjacent sides of flexor profundus tendons of ring and little fingers |
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lumbricales insertion
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into the radial border of the extensor expansion on the dorsum of the respective digits
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lumbricales action
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extends IP joint and simultaneously flexes MCP joints of 2-5th digits; extends IP joints with MCP extended
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lumbricales peripheral innervation
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median-1st and 2nd
ulnar-3rd and 4th |
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lumbricales segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8, T1
C7, C8, T1 |
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flexor carpi ulnaris origin
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humeral head: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar head: by aponeurosis from the medial margin of the olecranon, proximal 2/3 of posterior border of ulna, and the deep antebrachial fascia |
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flexor carpi ulnaris insertion
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pisiform bone and by ligaments to hamate and 5th metacarpal bones
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flexor carpi ulnaris action
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flexion and ulnar deviation of the wrist, assists in elbow flexion
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flexor carpi ulnaris peripheral innervation
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ulnar
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flexor carpi ulnaris segmental innervation
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C7, C8, T1
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abductor digiti minimi origin
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tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris and pisiform bone
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abductor digiti minimi insertion
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by 2 slips, one into base of proximal phalanx of little finger, ulnar side, 2nd into the ulnar border of the extensor expansion
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abductor digiti minimi action
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little finger MP joint abduction; assists in opposition and flexion of CMC of the 5th digit and assists in extension of its IP joint
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abductor digiti minimi peripheral innervation
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ulnar
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abductor digiti minimi segmental innervation
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C7, C8, T1
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flexor digiti minimi origin
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hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
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flexor digiti minimi insertion
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base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit, ulnar side
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flexor digiti minimi action
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flexion of MCP joint of little finger, assists in opposition
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flexor digiti minimi peripheral innervation
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ulnar
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flexor digiti minimi segmental innervation
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C7, C8, T1
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opponens digiti minimi origin
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hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
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opponens digiti minimi insertion
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entire length of 5th metacarpal, ulnar side
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opponens digiti minimi action
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opposes 5th CMC joint
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opponens digiti minimi peripheral innervation
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ulnar
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opponens digiti minimi segmental innervation
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C7, C8, T1
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dorsal interossei origin
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1st lateral head: proximal 1/2 of ulnar border of 1st metacarpal bone
1st medial head: radial border of 2nd metacarpal bone 2-4th: adjacent sides of metacarpal bones in each interspace |
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dorsal interossei insertion
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into extensor expansion and to base of proximal phalanx as follows:
1st: radial side of index finger, chiefly to base of proximal phalanx 2nd: radial side of middle finger 3rd: ulnar side of middle finger into extensor expansion 4th: ulnar side of ring finger |
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dorsal interossei action
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abduction of index, middle, and ring fingers from axial line through third digit; assists in MCP flexion and IP extension of 2-4th digits; 1st assists in thumb adduction
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dorsal interossei peripheral innervation
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ulnar
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dorsal interossei segmental innervation
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C8, T1
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palmar interossei origin
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1st: length of 2nd metacarpal bone, ulnar side
2nd: length of 4th metacarpal bone, radial side 3rd: length of 5th metacarpal bone, radial side |
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palmar interossei insertion
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chiefly into the extensor expansion of the respective digit, with possible attachment to the base of the proximal phalanx as follows:
1st: ulnar side of index finger 2nd: radial side of ring finger 3rd: radial side of little finger |
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palmar interossei action
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adduction of 2, 4, and 5th digits; assists in MCP flexion and IP extension of 2, 4, and 5th digits
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palmar interossei peripheral innervation
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ulnar
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palmar interossei segmental innervation
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C8, T1
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adductor pollicis origin
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oblique fibers: capitate bone, bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
transverse fibers: palmar surface of 3rd metacarpal |
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adductor pollicis insertion
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oblique head into extensor expansion
transverse head into ulnar side of base of the proximal phalanx of thumb |
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adductor pollicis action
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adduction of CMC and adduction and assistance in flexion of MCP joint of thumb, assists in thumb opposition and IP joint extension
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adductor pollicis peripheral innervation
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ulnar
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adductor pollicis segmental innervation
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C8, T1
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triceps brachii origin
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long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: lateral and posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of body of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum Medial head: distal 2/3 of medial and posterior surface of humerus below the radial groove, and from medial intermuscular septum |
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triceps brachii insertion
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posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna and antebrachial fascia
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triceps brachii action
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elbow extension; long head assists in adduction and extension of the shoulder
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triceps brachii peripheral innervation
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radial
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triceps brachii segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8, T1
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anconeus origin
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lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior surface
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anconeus insertion
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lateral side of olecranon process, upper 1/4 of posterior surface of body of ulna
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anconeus action
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elbow extension; stabilizes ulna during pronation and supination
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anconeus peripheral innervation
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radial
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anconeus segmental innervation
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C7, C8
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brachioradialis origin
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proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum
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brachioradialis insertion
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lateral side of base of styloid process of radius
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brachioradialis action
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elbow flexion, assists in pronation and supination of forearm
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brachioradialis peripheral innervation
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radial
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brachioradialis segmental innervation
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C5, C6
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extensor carpi radialis longus origin
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distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum
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extensor carpi radialis longus insertion
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dorsal surface of base of 2nd metacarpal bone, radial side
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extensor carpi radialis longus action
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extends and radially deviates the wrist, assists in elbow flexion
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extensor carpi radialis longus peripheral innervation
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radial
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extensor carpi radialis longus segmental innervation
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C5, C6, C7, C8
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extensor carpi radialis brevis origin
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common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament of elbow joint, and deep antebrachial fascia
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extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion
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dorsal surface of base of third metacarpal bone
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extensor carpi radialis brevis action
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wrist extension and assists in wrist radial deviation
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extensor carpi radialis brevis peripheral innervation
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radial (posterior interosseus nerve)
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extensor carpi radialis brevis segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8
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extensor digitorum origin
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common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus, and deep antebrachial fascia
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extensor digitorum insertion
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by 4 tendons, each penetrating a membranous expansion on the dorsum of the second to fifth digits and dividing over the proximal phalanx into a medial and two lateral bands
Medial band: into the base of the middle phalanx lateral bands: reunite over the middle phalanx and insert into the base of the distal phalanx |
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extensor digitorum action
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extends MCP joint and in conjunction with lumbricales and interossei, extends IP joints of 2-5th digits
Assists in abducting index, ring, and little finger wrist extension and radial deviation |
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extensor digitorum peripheral innervation
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radial (posterior interosseus nerve)
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extensor digitorum segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8
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extensor digiti minimi origin
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common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus and deep antebrachial fascia
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extensor digiti minimi insertion
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into extensor expansion of little finger with extensor digitorum tendon
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extensor digiti minimi action
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extension of MCP joint and in conjunction with lumbricales and interossei, extends IP joints of little finger
assists in abduction of the little finger |
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extensor digiti minimi peripheral innervation
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radial (posterior interosseus nerve)
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extensor digiti minimi segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8
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extensor carpi ulnaris origin
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common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus by aponeurosis from posterior border of ulna and deep antebrachial fascia
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extensor carpi ulnaris insertion
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base of 5th metacarpal bone, ulnar side
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extensor carpi ulnaris action
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extends and ulnarly deviates wrist
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extensor carpi ulnaris peripheral innervation
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radial (posterior interosseus nerve)
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extensor carpi ulnaris segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8
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extensor indicis origin
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posterior surface of body of ulna distal to origin of extensor pollicis longus and interosseus membrane
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extensor indicis insertion
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into extensor expansion of index finger with extensor digitorum longus tendon
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extensor indicis action
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extends MCP joint of index finger, and in conjunction with lumbricales and interossei, extends IP joint of index finger, assists in index finger adduction
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extensor indicis peripheral innervation
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radial (posterior interosseus nerve)
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extensor indicis segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8
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abductor pollicis longus origin
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posterior surface of body of ulna distal to origin of supinator, interosseus membrane, and posterior surface of middle 1/3 of body of radius
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abductor pollicis longus insertion
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base of 1st metacarpal bone, radial side
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abductor pollicis longus action
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extension of CMC joint of the thumb with slight abduction, wrist radial deviation and assists in wrist flexion
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abductor pollicis longus peripheral innervation
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radial (posterior interosseus nerve)
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abductor pollicis longus segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8
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extensor pollicis longus origin
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middle 1/3 of posterior surface of ulna distal to origin of abductor pollicis longus and interosseus membrane
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extensor pollicis longus insertion
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base of distal phalanx of thumb, dorsal surface
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extensor pollicis longus action
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extends IP joint of thumb, assists in thumb MCP and CMC extension, assists in wrist radial deviation and extension
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extensor pollicis longus peripheral innervation
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radial (posterior interosseus nerve)
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extensor pollicis longus segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8
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extensor pollicis brevis origin
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posterior surface of body of radius distal to origin of abductor pollicis longus and interosseus membrane
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extensor pollicis brevis insertion
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base of proximal phalanx of thumb, dorsal surface
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extensor pollicis brevis action
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extends thumb MCP joint, extends and abducts CMC joint, assists in wrist radial deviation
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extensor pollicis brevis peripheral innervation
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radial (posterior interosseus)
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extensor pollicis brevis segmental innervation
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C6, C7, C8
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supinator origin
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lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament of elbow joint, annular ligament of radius, and supinator crest of ulna
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supinator insertion
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lateral surface of upper 1/3 of body of radius covering part of anterior and posterior surface
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supinator action
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forearm supination
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supinator peripheral innervation
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radial (posterior interosseus nerve)
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supinator segmental innervation
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C5, C6, C7
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coracobrachialis origin
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apex of coracoid process of scapula
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coracobrachialis insertion
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medial surface of middle of shaft of humerus, opposite deltoid tuberosity
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coracobrachialis action
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flexion and adduction of the shoulder
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coracobrachialis peripheral innervation
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musculocutaneous
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coracobrachialis segmental innervation
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C6, C7
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biceps brachii origin
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short head: apex of coracoid process of scapula
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula |
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biceps brachii insertion
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radial tuberosity, aponeurosis of biceps brachii
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biceps brachii action
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shoulder flexion
long head: may passively restrict humeral anterior and superior translation origin fixed: elbow flexion moving forearm toward humerus, forearm supination insertion fixed: elbow flexion moving humerus toward forearm may contribute to scapular anterior tilt |
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biceps brachii peripheral innervation
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musculocutaneous
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biceps brachii segmental innervation
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C5, C6
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brachialis origin
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distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus, medial and lateral intermuscular septa
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brachialis insertion
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tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
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brachialis action
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elbow flexion
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brachialis peripheral innervation
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musculocutaneous, radial
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brachialis segmental innervation
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C5, C6
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external abdominal oblique origin
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anterior: external surface of ribs 5-8 interdigitating with serratus anterior
lateral: external surface of 9th rib interdigitating with serratus anterior and external surface of 10-12th ribs, interdigitating with latissimus dorsi |
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external abdominal oblique insertion
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anterior: into a broad, flat aponeurosis in the linea alba, obliquely downward and medially with uppermost fibers more medial (hands in your pockets)
lateral: as the inguinal ligament, into anterior superior spine and pubic tubercle and into the external lip of anterior 1/2 of iliac crest, obliquely downward and medially, more down than the anterior fibers |
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external abdominal oblique action
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anterior: bilaterally flexes vertebral column, approximate thorax and pelvis anteriorly, support and compress abdominal viscera, depress thorax, assists in respiration
Acting unilaterally with internal obliques of opposite side, rotates vertebral column forward or pelvis backward, side bend to same side |
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external abdominal oblique peripheral innervation
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anterior primary rami
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external abdominal oblique segmental innervation
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T5-T12
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internal abdominal oblique origin
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lower: lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, a short attachment on iliac crest near anterior superior iliac spine
upper: anterior 1/3 of intermediate line of iliac crest lateral: middle 1/3 of intermediate line of iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia |
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internal abdominal oblique insertion
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lower: with transversus abdominis into crest of pubis, medial part of pectineal line and into linea alba by means of an aponeurosis
direction: transversely across upper: linea alba by means of aponeurosis direction: medial and upward lateral: inferior borders of 10-12th ribs and linea alba via aponeurosis direction: up and medial (more upward that upper fibers) |
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internal abdominal oblique peripheral innervation
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anterior primary rami of T7-L1
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internal abdominal oblique segmental innervation
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T7-T12, L1
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internal abdominal oblique action
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lower: compress and support the lower abdominal viscera in conjunction with the transversus abdominis
upper: bilaterally flexes vertebral column, approximate thorax and pelvis anteriorly assists in respiration, rotates the vertebral column, bringing thorax back or pelvis forward lateral: bilaterally flexes vertebral column, unilaterally with the fibers of external oblique on the same side, laterally flexes the vertebral column, and with the external oblique on opposite side rotate vertebral column |
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rectus abdominis origin
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pubic crest and symphysis
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rectus abdominis insertion
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costal cartilages of 5-7 ribs and xiphoid process of the sternum
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rectus abdominis actions
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flexes the vertebral column by approximating thorax with pelvis anteriorly
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rectus abdominis peripheral innervation
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anterior primary rami of T5-T12
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rectus abdominis segmental innervation
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T5-T12
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masseter origin
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superficial: zygomatic process of maxilla, lower border of zygomatic arch
profundus: posterior 1/3 of inferior border and medial surface of zygomatic arch |
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masseter insertion
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superficial: angle and ramus of mandible
profundus: superior 1/2 of ramus and lateral surface of coronoid process of mandible |
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masseter actions
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elevates the mandible
small effect on side to side movement, protraction and retraction pulls mouth closed |
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masseter peripheral innervation
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CN V3 (mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve)
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temporalis origin
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temporal fossa and fascia
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temporalis insertion
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coronoid process of mandible and anterior border of ramus of mandible
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temporalis actions
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elevates mandible (closes the jaw)
Posterior fibers retrude mandible assists with lateral deviation |
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temporalis peripheral innervation
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CN V3 (mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve)
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medial pterygoid origin
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medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of palatine bone, and tuberosity of maxilla
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medial pterygoid insertion
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inferior and posterior part of medial surface of ramus and angle of mandibular foramen
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medial pterygoid actions
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elevation (closes the jaw)
protrusion deviation to opposite side |
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medial pterygoid peripheral innervation
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CN V3 (mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve)
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longus capitis
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upper cervical flexion and head on neck flexion
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longus capitis peripheral innervation
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cervical plexus (anterior rami) of C1-C3
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longus capitis segmental innervation
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C1, C2, C3
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longus colli actions
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lower cervical flexion
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longus colli peripheral innervation
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cervical plexus (anterior rami) of C2-C7
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longus colli segmental innervation
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C2-C7
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rectus capitis anterior actions
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anterior flexion of head on neck (nodding)
ipsilateral rotation |
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rectus capitis anterior peripheral innervation
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ansa cervicalis
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rectus capitis anterior segmental innervation
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C1-C2
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rectus capitis lateralis actions
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lateral flexion of head to SAME side
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rectus capitis lateralis peripheral innervation
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ansa cervicalis (anterior primary rami)
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rectus capitis lateralis segmental innervation
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C1-C2
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scalenus anterior origin
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anterior part of transverse processes of C3-C6
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scalenus anterior insertion
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1st rib
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scalenus anterior actions
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flexes the lower cervical vertebrae and lateral bending
elevates the first rib |
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scalenus anterior peripheral innervation
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anterior primary rami of C4-C6
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scalenus anterior segmental innervation
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C4-C6
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scalenus medius origin
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transverse processes of C2-C7
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scalenus medius insertion
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1st rib
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scalenus medius actions
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lateral bending of the cervical spine, elevates the first rib
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scalenus medius peripheral innervation
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anterior primary rami
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scalenus medius segmental innervation
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C3-C8
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scalenus posterior origin
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posterior part of the transverse processes of C5-C7
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scalenus posterior insertion
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2nd rib
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scalenus posterior actions
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lateral bending of the cervical spine, elevates the 2nd rib
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scalenus posterior peripheral innervation
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anterior primary rami of C6-C8
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scalenus posterior segmental innervation
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C6-C8
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platysma actions
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neck flexion
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platysma peripheral innervation
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facial (CN VII)
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orbicularis occuli actions
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closes eyelids firmly (orbital part) or gently (palpebral part)
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orbicularis occuli peripheral innervation
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facial (CN VII)
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frontalis actions
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raises the eyebrows
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frontalis peripheral innervation
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Facial (CN VII)
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orbicularis oris actions
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closes the lips and protrudes them forward (whistle)
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orbicularis oris peripheral innervation
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facial (CN VII)
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zygomaticus major actions
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draws up the angles of the mouth (SMILE)
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zygomaticus major peripheral innervation
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facial (CN VII)
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depressor anguli oris actions
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draws down the angles of the mouth
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depressor anguli oris peripheral innervation
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facial (CN VII)
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levator anguli oris actions
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draws down the angle of mouth straight upward, deepening the furrow from the side of the nose to the side of the mouth (sneer-show the canine tooth on one side)
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levator anguli oris peripheral innervation
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facial (CN VII)
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buccinator actions
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presses cheeks firmly against the side teeth, pulling back the angle of the mouth (blowing a trumpet)
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buccinator peripheral innervation
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facial (CN VII)
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corrugator supercilii actions
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draws the eyebrows together (as in frowning)
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corrugator supercilii peripheral innervation
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Facial (CN VII)
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sternocleidomastoid origin
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sternal head: manubrium
clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle |
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sternocleidomastoid insertion
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sternal head: lateral surface of mastoid process
clavicular head: lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone |
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sternocleidomastoid actions
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unilaterally: rotates cervical spine to opposite side and laterally flexes to the same side
bilaterally: flexes the lower cervical spine (forward translation) extends the upper cervical (head or neck extension) |
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sternocleidomastoid peripheral innervation
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spinal accessory (CN XI) anterior primary rami
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sternocleidomastoid segmental innervation
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CN XI, C1, C2
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semispinalis capitis actions
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acting bilaterally: extension (posterior sagittal rotation)
acting unilaterally: rotation to opposite side |
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semispinalis capitis peripheral innervation
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posterior rami of adjacent nerves
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semispinalis cervicis actions
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acting bilaterally: cervical extension (posterior sagittal rotation)
acting unilaterally: rotation to opposite side |
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semispinalis cervicis peripheral innervation
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posterior primary rami of adjacent spinal nerve
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longissimus capitis actions
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acting bilaterally: cervical extension
acting unilaterally: lateral flexion and rotation to same side |
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longissimus capitis peripheral innervation
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posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves
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longissimus cervicis actions
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acting bilaterally: cervical extension
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longissimus cervicis peripheral innervation
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posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves
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longissimus thoracis actions
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extension and lateral flexion to same side
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longissimus thoracis peripheral innervation
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posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves
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lumbar multifidus actions
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primary stabilizer of lumbar spine
anti-fexion and anti-shear action EXTENSION |
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lumbar multifidus peripheral innervation
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posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves
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quadratus lumborum origin
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iliac crest and occasionally transverse processes of lower 3 or 4 lumbar vertebrae, iliolumbar ligament
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quadratus lumborum insertion
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inferior border of rib 12 and transverse processes of L1-L4
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quadratus lumborum actions
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assist in extension, laterally flexes the lumbar vertebral column, and depresses the last rib
bilaterally: acting together with the diaphragm fixes the last two ribs during inspiration |
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quadratus lumborum peripheral innervation
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anterior rami of T12, L1-L4
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quadratus lumborum segmental innervation
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T12, L1-L4
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splenius capitis actions
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rotation to same side, extension/posterior sagittal rotation
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splenius capitis peripheral innervation
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greater occipital nerve, posterior primary rami C2
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splenius cervicis actions
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rotation to same side, extension/posterior sagittal rotation
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splenius cervicis peripheral innervation
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lesser occipital nerve, posterior primary rami C3
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rectus capitis posterior major origin
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spine of axis
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rectus capitis posterior major insertion
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inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
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rectus capitis posterior major actions
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extends the head, turns face to the same side
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rectus capitis posterior major peripheral innervation
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posterior rami of C1
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rectus capitis posterior major segmental innervation
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C1
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rectus capitis posterior minor origin
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tubercle on posterior arch of atlas
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rectus capitis posterior minor insertion
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medial inferior nuchal line of occiput
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rectus capitis posterior minor actions
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extend, rotate neck
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rectus capitis posterior minor peripheral innervation
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posterior rami
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rectus capitis posterior minor segmental innervation
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C1
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oblique capitis inferior origin
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spine apex of axis passing lateral and upward
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oblique capitis inferior insertion
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transverse process of atlas (inferior, posterior part)
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oblique capitis inferior actions
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rotate head to same side
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oblique capitis inferior peripheral innervation
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posterior rami of C1
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oblique capitis inferior segmental innervation
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C1
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oblique capitis superior origin
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transverse process of atlas passing upward and backward
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oblique capitis superior insertion
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occipital bone
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oblique capitis superior actions
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extends head, lateral flexion to same side
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oblique capitis superior peripheral innervation
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posterior rami
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oblique capitis superior segmental innervation
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C1
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