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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what organism causes pharyngitis?
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strep pyogenes (group A strep)
- found on skin, in naso pharynx - spreads by respiratory secretions c. diphteriae - pharynx occluded, cardiotoxicity, paralysis Adenovirus Epstein-barr |
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what are the microorganisms that commonly cause otitis media?
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normal respiratory flora
- s. pneumoniae, group a strep, etc. - viruses |
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what organisms cause the common cold?
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rhinoviruses
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non-specific symptoms of strep pharyngitis
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- fever
- malaise - anorexia - irritable (kids) |
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specific symptoms of strep pharyngitis
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- sore throat
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non-specific signs of strep pharyngitis
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- fever
- looks ill |
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specific signs of strep pharyngitis
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- red throat (erythema)
- exudate in pharynx - swollen tonsils - tender lymph nodes |
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what serious suppurative sequelae may follow strep pharyngitis?
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- peri-tonsillar abscess
- lymphadenitis |
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what serious non-suppurative sequelae may occur after strep pharyngitis?
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- scarlet fever (makes pyrogenic exotoxin)
- rheumatic fever (ONLY AFTER GROUP A PHARYNGITIS!) - glomerulonephritis |
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why is epiglottitis a life-thretening infection?
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- pharyngitis extends to epiglottis and causes swelling that leads to obstruction
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what are symptoms and signs of otitis media?
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- fever, cranky
- pulling on ear (kid) - drum may be red, bulging, won't move with pressure changes - nasal congestion |
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what are the consequences of otitis media?
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- may require tubes with recurrent infections
- hearing loss |
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what is croup?
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- disease of childhood
- sub-glottic swelling - barking cough |
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how does croup differ from laryngitis?
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laryngitis is a disease of adults
- true vocal cords involved (swollen) |
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spread of group a strep pharyngitis
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- respiratory secretions
- high attack rates in crowded settings |
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Host for strep pharyngitis
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- normal kids 5-10
- normal healthy adults (esp. with kids) |
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what is the gold standard for diagnosing strep pharyngitis?
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- culture (takes 1-2 days)
- gram stain is not useful (b/c lots of strep in throat) |
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how can you clinically diagnose strep?
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- rapid strep tests (basically EIA tests)
- react with group A antigen - if negative, may need to culture if strep still suspected |
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treatment of strep pharyngitis?
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- penicillin V oral for 10 days or benzathine penicillin G IM ONCE
- need to prevent rheumatic fever - if allergic to penicillin - clindamycin, macrolid, cephalosporin |
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why do you need to treat strep for 10 days or with long-acting penicillin?
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to prevent rheumatic fever!
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how can you prevent strep infection?
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- need to do prophylactic antibiotics if previous rheumatic fever
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signs and symptoms of epiglottitis
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- abrupt, acute, fever, sore throat
- trouble breathing, swallowing - cyanosis - drooling - tachypnic - sitting up, gasping for air - strigor |
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how do you tx epiglottitis?
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1) secure airway
2) antibiotics (will often be bacteremic) |
