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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define what muscles are.
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-The area that contracts
-Usually red in color on diagrams (rich blood supply) -Made up of individual fibers/cells |
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Define what tendons are.
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-Connects muscle to bone
-Does NOT contract -Some are covered in a sheath |
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Define what a fasciae is.
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Connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscles
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What part of the muscle is referred to as the "muscle belly"?
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It's the main bulk of the muscle. Usually the middle, widest part of the muscle – the part that actually contracts.
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What are the origins of a muscle?
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Origins are where the attachment to the more stable or less moveable bone – serves as an anchor point for the contraction. Usually located on the more medial or proximal end.
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Where are the insertions of a muscle?
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Insertion is the attachment to the bone which will be moving. Usually located on the lateral or distal end.
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Name what a thick filament is and what it does.
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Myosin is the thick filament and are shaped like golf clubs; the head of the club will pull thin filaments in for contraction.
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Name what a thin filament is and what it does.
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Actin is the thin filament and it is multiple proteins combined to form it.
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Explain the sliding filament theory.
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-A nerve impulse travels to a muscle and tells it to contract.
-Calcium ions then flow into the muscle fiber. -This triggers the myosin (thick) filaments to “pull” the actin (thin) filaments in toward the center. -Essentially the thin filaments slide on/along the thick filaments, effectively shortening the muscle. -Immediately after the contraction is over, calcium is pumped out and the myosin heads release the actin filaments (relaxation). |
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Name the 5 types of muscle fiber arrangements.
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1. Parallel
2. Convergant 3. Fusiform 4. Circular 5. Pennate |
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What is the difference between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle?
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-Skeletal muscle is Voluntary and Striated;
The muscles that make our body’s move. -Cardiac muscle is Non-voluntary, striated. -Smooth muscle is Non-voluntary, smooth; Lines our blood vessels and digestive tract. |
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What is the difference between fast, slow, and intermediate twitch muscle fibers?
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-Slow twitch are Endurance muscles. Slower to contract, but will work all day; Postural muscles
-Fast twitch are Speed/power muscles. Fast to contract, but fatigue quickly; Explosive muscles (arm muscles) -Intermediate are In between slow and fast twitch fibers. |
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Define atrophy.
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Atrophy is a decrease in size (diameter) of a muscle.
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Define hypertrophy.
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Hypertrophy is an increase in size (diameter) of a muscle.
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Define a muscle spasm.
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Spasm is an increase in muscle tension with or without shortening of the muscle.
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Define tendonitis.
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Tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon, often caused by repetitive overuse.
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Define what muscle strain is.
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Strain is a stretching injury to a muscle or tendon in which micro-tearing is present.
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List seven ways to name a muscle.
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Location, shape, action, origin/insertion, number of heads, direction of fibers, relative size of the muscle.
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Name the four types of shoulder muscles.
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Superficial, second layer, rotator cuff, and anterior shoulder muscles
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Name the five superficial shoulder muscles.
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-Deltoid
-Trapezius (upper, middle, lower) -Latissimus Dorsi -Teres Major -Triceps Brachii |
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Name the three second layer shoulder muscles.
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-Rhomboid Minor
-Rhomboid Major -Levator Scapula |
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Name the four rotator cuff muscles.
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-Supraspinatus
-Infraspinatus -Teres Minor -Subscapularis |
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Name the five anterior shoulder muscles.
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-Serratus Anterior
-Pectoralis Major -Pectoralis Minor -Biceps Brachii -Coracobrachialis |
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Name the action, origin and insertion of the Deltoid muscle.
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A: Abduct the shoulder
O: Lateral third of clavicle, Acromion process, and spine of scapula I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus |
