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64 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
A 21-year-old patient has a lesion of the upper
trunk of the brachial plexus (Erb-Duchenne
paralysis). Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
Arm tending to lie in medial rotation
patient comes in with gunshot wound
and requires surgery in which his thoracoacromial
trunk needs to be ligated. Which of the
following arterial branches would maintain
normal blood flow?
Superior thoracic
29-year-old man comes in with a stab
wound, cannot raise his arm above horizontal,
and exhibits a condition known as
"winged scapula." Which of the following
structures of the brachial plexus would most
likely be damaged?
Roots
A 16-year-old patient has weakness flexing
the metacarpophalangeal joint of the ring
finger and is unable to adduct the same finger.
Which of the following muscles is most likely
paralyzed?
Palmar interosseous
A 27-year-old patient presents with an inability
to draw forward and downward the
scapula because of paralysis of the pectoralis
minor. Which of the following would most
likely be a cause of his condition?
Fracture of the coracoid process
A 22-year-old patient with a stab wound
on the chest injured the intercostobrachial
nerve. Which of the following conditions results
from the described lesion of the nerve?
Loss of sensory fibers from the second intercostal
nerve
A 16 year-old boy fell from a motorcycle
and his radial nerve was severely damaged because
of a fracture of the midshaft of the
humerus. Which of the following conditions
would most likely result from this accident?
Loss of wrist extension, leading to wrist
drop
A patient comes in complaining that she
cannot flex her proximal interphalangeal
joints. Which of the following muscles appears
to be paralyzed on further examination of her
finger?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
21-year-old woman walks in with her
shoulder and arm injury after falling from a
horseback riding. Examination indicates that
she cannot adduct her arm because of paralysis
of which of the following muscles?
Latissimus dorsi
A 35-year-old man walks in with a stab
wound to the most medial side of the proximal
portion of the cubital fossa. Which of the
following structures would most likely be
damaged?
Median nerve
The police bring in a murder suspect who
has been in a gunfight with a police officer.
The suspect was struck by a bullet in the arm;
his median nerve has been damaged. Which of
the following symptoms is likely produced by
this nerve damage?
Ape hand
An automobile body shop worker has his
middle finger crushed while working on a
transmission. Which of the following muscles
is most likely to cease functioning?
Palmar interosseous
A 14-year-old boy falls on the outstretched
hand and has a fracture of the scaphoid bone.
The fracture is most likely accompanied by a
rupture of which of the following arteries?
Radial artery
A 12-year-old boy walks in; he fell out of a
tree and fractured the upper portion of his
humerus. Which of the following nerves are intimately
related to the humerus and are most
likely to be injured by such a fracture?
Radial and axillary
A man injures his wrist on broken glass.
Which of the following structures entering the
palm superficial to the flexor retinaculum may
be damaged?
Ulnar artery and ulnar nerve
A patient with Bennett's fracture (a fracture
of the base of the first metacarpal bone)
experiences an impaired thumb movement.
Which of the following intrinsic muscles of the
thumb is most likely injured?
Opponens pollicis
A 27-year-old pianist with a known carpal
tunnel syndrome experiences difficulty in finger
movements. Which of the following intrinsic
muscles of her hand is paralyzed?
Lateral two lumbricals and opponens pollicis
A 31-year-old roofer walks in with
tenosynovitis resulting from a deep penetrated
wound in the palm by a big nail. Examination
indicates that he has an infection in the ulnar bursa. This infection most likely resulted in necrosis of which of the following tendons?
Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus
An 18-year-old boy involved in an automobile
accident presents with arm that cannot abduct. His paralysis is caused by damage to which of the following nerves?
Suprascapular and axillary
A 17 year-old boy with a stab wound received
multiple injuries on the upper part of
the arm and required surgery. If the brachial artery
were ligated at its origin, which of the following
arteries would supply blood to the profunda
brachii artery?
Posterior humeral circumflex
A 23-year-old woman who receives a deep
cut of her ring finger by a kitchen knife is unable
to move the metacarpophalangeal joint.
Which of the following pairs of nerves are
damaged?
Ulnar and radial
A 27-year-old baseball player is hit on his
forearm by a high-speed ball during the World
Series, and the muscles that form the floor of
the cubital fossa appear to be torn. Which of
the following groups of muscles has lost their
functions?
Brachialis and supinator
A 23-year-old man complains of numbness
on the medial side of the arm following a stab
wound in the axilla. On examination, he is diagnosed
with an injury of his medial brachial
cutaneous nerve. In which of the following
structures are the cell bodies of the damaged
nerve involved in numbness located?
Dorsal root ganglion
A 38-year-old homebuilder was involved
in an accident and is unable to supinate his
forearm. Which of the following nerves are
most likely damaged?
Radial and musculocutaneous
A 31-year-old patient complains of sensory
loss over the anterior and posterior surfaces of
the medial third of the hand and the medial
one and one-half fingers. He is diagnosed by a
physician as having "funny bone" symptoms.
Which of the following nerves is injured?
Ulnar
A patient with a deep stab wound in the
middle of the forearm has impaired movement
of the thumb. Examination indicates a lesion
of the anterior interosseous nerve. Which of
the following muscles is paralyzed?
Flexor digitorum profundus and pronator
quadratus
A 29-year-old patient comes in; he cannot
flex the distal interphalangeal joint of the index
finger. His physician determines he has
nerve damage by the supracondylar fracture. Which of the following conditions is also a
symptoth of this nerve damage?
Loss of sensation over the distal part of
the second digit
A 27-year-old man with cubital tunnel
syndrome complains of numbness and tingling
in the ring and little finger and back and sides
of his hand because of damage to the ulnar
nerve in the tunnel at the elbow. Which of the
following muscles is most likely to be paralyzed?
Two medial lumbricals
A secretary comes in to your office complaining
of pain in her wrists from typing all
day. You determine she likely has carpal tunnel
syndrome. Which of the following conditions
would help you determine the diagnosis?
Flattened thenar eminence
A man is unable to hold typing paper between
his index and middle fingers. Which of
the following nerves was likely injured?
Ulnar nerve
The victim of an automobile accident has
a destructive injury of the proximal row of
carpal bones. Which of the following bones is
most likely damaged?
Triquetrum
A patient has a torn rotator cuff of the
shoulder joint as the result of an automobile
accident. Which of the following muscle tendons
is intact and has normal function?
Teres major
A patient complains of having pain with
repeated movements of his thumb (claudication).
His physician performs the Allen test and
finds an insufficiency of the radial artery.
Which of the following conditions would be a
result of the radial artery stenosis?
A marked decrease in the blood flow in
the princeps pollicis artery
A patient bleeding from the shoulder secondary
to a knife wound is in fair condition because
there is vascular anastomosis around the
shoulder. Which of the following arteries is
most likely a direct branch of the subclavian artery
that is involved in the anastomosis?
Dorsal scapular artery
During a breast examination of a 56-yearold
woman, the physician found a palpable
mass in her breast. Which of the following
characteristics of breast cancer and its diagnosis
is correct?
Dimpling of the overlying skin
A patient with a stab wound receives a laceration
of the musculocutaneous nerve. Which
of the following conditions is most likely to
have occurred?
Lack of sweating on the lateral side of the
arm Inability to extend the forearm
A 20-year-old man fell from the parallel bar
during the Olympic trial. A neurologic examination
reveals he has a lesion of the lateral cord
of the brachial plexus. Which of the following
muscles is most likely weakened by this injury?
Pectoralis major
A 24-year-old carpenter suffers a crush injury
of his entire little finger. Which of the following
muscles is most likely to be spared?
Dorsal interossei
A 7-year-old boy falls from a tree house
and is brought to an emergency room of a local
hospital. On examination, he has weakness
in rotating his arm laterally because of an injury
of the axillary nerve. Which of the following
conditions is most likely to cause a loss of
the axillary nerve function?
Inferior dislocation of the head of the
humerus
A 49-year-old woman is diagnosed as having
a large lump in her right breast. Lymph
from the cancerous breast drains primarily into
which of the following nodes?
Anterior (pectoral) nodes
A 17-year-old boy fell from his motorcycle
and complains of numbness of the lateral part
of the arm. Examination reveals the axillary
nerve is severed. Which of the following types
of axons is most likely spared?
Preganglionic sympathetic axons
construction worker suffers a destructive
injury of the structures related to the anatomic
snuffbox. Which of the following structures
would most likely be damaged?
Radial artery
A rock climber falls on his shoulder, resulting
in chipping off the lesser tubercle of the
humerus. Which of the following structures
would most likely have structural and functional
damage?
Subscapularis muscle
A 54-year-old woman finds a lump in her
right breast during an annual mammogram
and physical examination. On further examination,
she is diagnosed with a malignancy in
her upper right quadrant. Cancer cells most
likely metastasize primarily to which of the following
groups of lymph nodes?
Pectoral (anterior) nodes
37-year-old female patient
has a fracture of the clavicle. The junction
of the inner and middle third of the bone
exhibits overriding of the medial and lateral
fragments. The arm is rotated medially, but it
is not rotated laterally.
The lateral portion of the fractured clavicle
is displaced downward by which of the following?
Deltoid muscle and gravity
A 37-year-old female patient
has a fracture of the clavicle. The junction
of the inner and middle third of the bone
exhibits overriding of the medial and lateral
fragments. The arm is rotated medially, but it
is not rotated laterally.
Which of the following muscles causes upward
displacement of the medial fragment?
Sternocleidomastoid
A 37-year-old female patient
has a fracture of the clavicle. The junction
of the inner and middle third of the bone
exhibits overriding of the medial and lateral
fragments. The arm is rotated medially, but it
is not rotated laterally.
Which of the following conditions is
most likely to occur secondary to the fractured
clavicle?
Thrombosis of the subclavian vein, causing
a pulmonary embolism
A 21-year-old man injures
his right arm in an automobile accident.
Radiographic examination reveals a fracture
of the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
Which of the following nerves is most
likely injured as a result of this accident?
Ulnar
A 21-year-old man injures
his right arm in an automobile accident.
Radiographic examination reveals a fracture
of the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
Which of the following muscles is most
likely paralyzed as a result of this accident?
Adductor pollicis
A 21-year-old man injures
his right arm in an automobile accident.
Radiographic examination reveals a fracture
of the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
After this injury, the patient is unable to
adduct his index finger
A 10-year-old boy falls
off his bike, has difficulty in moving his
shoulder, and is brought to an emergency
room. His radiogram and angiogram reveal
fracture of the surgical neck of his humerus
and bleeding from the point of the fracture.
Which of the following nerves is most
likely injured as a result of this accident?
Axillary
A 10-year-old boy falls
off his bike, has difficulty in moving his
shoulder, and is brought to an emergency
room. His radiogram and angiogram reveal
fracture of the surgical neck of his humerus
and bleeding from the point of the fracture.
Following this accident, the damaged nerve
causes difficulty in abduction, extension, and
lateral rotation of his arm. Cell bodies of the injured
nerve involving in movement of his arm
are located in which of the following structures?
Anterior horn of the spinal cord
A 10-year-old boy falls
off his bike, has difficulty in moving his
shoulder, and is brought to an emergency
room. His radiogram and angiogram reveal
fracture of the surgical neck of his humerus
and bleeding from the point of the fracture.
The damaged nerve causes numbness
of the lateral side of the arm. Cell bodies of
the injured nerve fibers involved in sensory loss
are located in which of the following structures?
Dorsal root ganglia
A 10-year-old boy falls
off his bike, has difficulty in moving his
shoulder, and is brought to an emergency
room. His radiogram and angiogram reveal
fracture of the surgical neck of his humerus
and bleeding from the point of the fracture.
This accident most likely leads to damage
of which of the following arteries?
Posterior humeral circumflex
A 10-year-old boy falls
off his bike, has difficulty in moving his
shoulder, and is brought to an emergency
room. His radiogram and angiogram reveal
fracture of the surgical neck of his humerus
and bleeding from the point of the fracture.
Following this accident, the boy has weakness
in rotating his arm laterally. Which of the
following muscles are paralyzed?
Teres minor and deltoid
A 64-year-old man
with a history of liver cirrhosis has been examined
for hepatitis A, B, and C viruses. In
an attempt to obtain a blood sample from
the patient's median cubital vein, a registered
nurse inadvertently procures arterial
blood.
The blood most likely comes from which
of the following arteries?
Brachial
A 64-year-old man
with a history of liver cirrhosis has been examined
for hepatitis A, B, and C viruses. In
an attempt to obtain a blood sample from
the patient's median cubital vein, a registered
nurse inadvertently procures arterial
blood.
During the procedure, the needle hits a
nerve medial to the artery. Which of the following
nerves is most likely damaged?
Median
17-year-old boy is injured
in an automobile accident. He has a
fracture of the shaft of the humerus.
Which of the following nerves is most
likely damaged?
Radial nerve
17-year-old boy is injured
in an automobile accident. He has a
fracture of the shaft of the humerus.
As a result of this fracture, the patient
shows lack of sweating on the back of the arm
and forearm. Cell bodies of the damaged nerve
fibers involved in sweating are located in
which of the following structures?
Sympathetic chain ganglion
17-year-old boy is injured
in an automobile accident. He has a
fracture of the shaft of the humerus.
Following this accident, the patient has no
cutaneous sensation in which of the following
areas?
Area of the anatomic snuffbox
17-year-old boy is injured
in an automobile accident. He has a
fracture of the shaft of the humerus.
Which of the following arteries may be
damaged?
Profunda brachii artery
17-year-old boy is injured
in an automobile accident. He has a
fracture of the shaft of the humerus.
After this accident, supination is still possible
through contraction of which of the following
muscles?
Biceps brachii
An 11-year-old boy
falls down the stairs. A physician examines a
radiograph of the boy's shoulder region (below).
If the structure indicated by the letter A is
calcified, which of the following muscles is
most likely paralyzed?
Infraspinatus
An 11-year-old boy
falls down the stairs. A physician examines a
radiograph of the boy's shoulder region (below).
If the structure indicated by the letter B is
fractured, which of the structures is most likely
injured?
Posterior humeral circumflex artery