Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Coracoid process attachments?
|
O: Coracobrachialis, Short head of biceps brachii
I: Pectoralis minor Ligaments: Coracoacromial, Coracoclavicular and Coracohumeral Other: Costocoracoid membrane |
|
|
Scapular notch is covered by?
|
Superior transverse scapular ligament
|
|
|
Which structure goes through scapular notch? and affect of entrapment?
|
suprascapular nerve which affects the function of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
|
|
|
Supraglenoid tubercle attachment?
|
Long head of biceps brachii
|
|
|
Infraglenoid tubercle attachment?
|
Long head of triceps brachii
|
|
|
Greater tubercle attachments?
|
Supraspinatus
Teres minor Infraspinatus |
|
|
Lesser tubercle attachments?
|
Subscapularis
|
|
|
Intertubercular groove attachments?
|
Lateral lip: I: Pectoralis major
Medial lip: Teres major Floor: Latissimus dorsi |
|
|
Intertubercular groove is covered by?
|
transverse humeral ligament
|
|
|
Surgical neck fracture may damage?
|
Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
|
|
|
Spiral groove lodges? and separates what?
|
Radial nerve
above: lateral head of triceps brachii below: medial head of triceps brachii |
|
|
Fracture of humerus shaft may damage?
|
Radial nerve and deep brachial artery
|
|
|
supracondylar fracture may damage?
|
median nerve
|
|
|
fracture of medial epicondyle may damage?
|
ulnar nerve
|
|
|
Lateral epicondyle attachments?
|
O: Supinator m and extensor muscles of forearm
|
|
|
Medial epicondyle attachments?
|
Ulnar collateral ligaments, pronator teres and the common tendon of forearm flexor muscles
|
|
|
Head of radius articulations?
|
Capitulum of humerus and radial notch of ulna
|
|
|
Structures in groove of medial epicondyle?
|
Ulnar n. and superior ulnar collateral a.
|
|
|
Head of radius is surrounded by which structure to attach to ulna?
|
Annular ligament
|
|
|
distal radius articulations?
|
Scaphoid, Lunate and Triquetrum
|
|
|
Styloid process of radius attachments?
|
I: brachioradialis m.
|
|
|
Anatomical snuffbox is between what tendons?
|
Extensor pollicis brevis and longus
|
|
|
Coronoid process attachments?
|
Brachialis m.
|
|
|
First row of carpal bones?
|
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum and Pisiform
|
|
|
Second row of carpal bones?
|
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate
|
|
|
Pisiform is lodged in what structure?
|
Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
|
|
|
Guyon's canal syndrome entraps what nerve?
|
Ulnar n.
|
|
|
Guyon's canal is formed by?
|
Pisiform, hook of hamate and pisohamate ligament
|
|
|
Ulnar tunnel (Guyon's canal) contains?
|
Ulnar n. and a.
|
|
|
Ulnar n. do what in ulnar tunnel?
|
Divides to superficial and deep branches
|
|
|
Coracoclavicular ligaments consists of?
|
Conoid and Trapezoid ligaments
|
|
|
What join do coracoclavicular ligament reinforce?
|
Acromioclavicular joint
|
|
|
Sternoclavicular joint reinforcment?
|
interclavicular
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular costoclavicular ligaments |
|
|
Fibrous capsule reinforcement?
|
Rotator cuff, glenohumeral ligaments and coracohumeral ligaments
|
|
|
What nerves innervates glenohumeral joint?
|
axillary, suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves
|
|
|
Dislocation of glenohumeral joint may damage what?
|
Axillary n. and posterior humeral circumflex vessels
|
|
|
glenohumeral joint blood supply?
|
branches from suprascapular, anterior and posterior humeral circumflex and scapular circumflex arteries.
|
|
|
Paint to shoulder involves what nerves?
|
supraclavicular (Sensory fibers to skin over shoulder) (C3-C4) which has the same origin as phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
|
|
|
Rotator cuff consists of?
|
SITS: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor and Subscapularis.
|
|
|
Ligaments of glenohumeral joints are?
|
Glenohumeral ligament (superior, middle, inferior)
transverse humeral ligament coracohumeral ligament coracoacromial ligament |
|
|
Bursae around shoulder?
|
subacromial bursa
subdeltoid bursa subscapular bursa |
|
|
which shoulder bursa communicates?
|
Subacromial and subdeltoid
(Subscapular communicates with synovial cavity) |
|
|
Elbow joint consist of what joints?
|
Humeroradial, Humeroulnar and PROXIMAL radioulnar joints!
|
|
|
What nerves innervates elbow joint?
|
musculocutaneus
median radial ulnar |
|
|
Elbow joint blood supply?
|
anastomosis formed by branches of brachial artery and recurrent branches of radial and ulnar arteries
(brachial, radial, ulnar) |
|
|
Elbow joint reinforcements?
|
Annular ligament
Radial collateral ligament Ulnar collateral ligament |
|
|
Ulnar collateral ligaments consist of?
|
Anterior, posterior and oblique bands
|
|
|
Radiocarpal (wrist) joint is reinforced by? and type?
|
condylar joint: Capsule made of: Radial and Ulnar collateral ligaments
Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments. |
|
|
Midcarpal joint is what type of joint?
|
plane joint with compound articulation
Scaphoid + trapezium and trapezoid (plane joint) scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum + capitate and hamate (condylar joint) |
|
|
Carpometacarpal joints consist of?
|
saddle joint (between trapezium and thumb)
plane joints (between the rest) |
|
|
Metacarpalphalangeal joint type and support?
|
condyloid joint supportet by 2 collateral ligaments and palmar ligament
|
|
|
interphalangeal joints type and support?
|
hinge joints supported by 2 collateral ligaments and palmar ligament
|
|
|
dermatome for medial side of arm
|
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (C8-T1) (medial cord)
|
|
|
dermatome for medial side of forearm
|
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C8-T1) (medial cord)
|
|
|
dermatome for lateral side of the arm
|
Lateral brachial cutaneous nerve (C5-C6) (axillary nerve)
|
|
|
dermatome for lateral side of forearm
|
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C6-C7) (musculocutaneous nerve)
|
|
|
dermatome for posterior arm and forearm
|
Posterior brachial and antebrachial cutaneous nerves (C5-C8) (Radial nerve)
|
|
|
Intercostobrachial nerve comes from?
|
Cutaneous branch of 2nd intercostal nerve which pierces intercostal and serratus anterior muscles.
(may communicate with medial brachial cutaneous nerve) |
|
|
Continuation of dorsal venous system on radial side and on ulnar side?
|
Cephalic vain on radial
Basilic vain on ulnar |
|
|
what strucutre connect cephalic vein with basilic vein? over what structure?
|
Median cubital vein (in front of elbow) Over cubital fossa
|
|
|
Cephalic vein and basilic vein continue as?
|
Axillary vein then Subclavian vein
|
|
|
What stuctures do the cephalic vein pierce?
|
brachial fascia and costocoracoid membrain
|
|
|
What nerve do basilic vein acompany?
|
medial antrebrachial cutaneous vein
|
|
|
How is median cubital vain separated from brachial artery?
|
It is separated by the bicipital aponeurosis! (it is superficial to the aponeurosis)
|
|
|
Median antebrachial vein terminates in?
|
median cubital vein or basilic vein
|
|
|
Medial group of lymphatic vessel drainage route?
|
Accompanies basilic vein, passes through cubital or supratrochlear nodes, enters lateral axillary nodes > central axillary nodes > apical axillary nodes
|
|
|
Lateral group of lymphatic vessels drainage route?
|
Accompanies cephalic vein > lateral axillary nodes &> deltopectoral nodes > apical axillary nodes
|
|
|
Dorsal venous system recieves veins by?
|
intercapitular and palmar metacarpal veins
|
|
|
Central node recieves and drain into?
|
R: Lateral, Pectoral(anterior) Posterior(subscapular) nodes
D: Apical nodes |
|
|
Lymph node locations? (lateral, central, pectoral, posterior, apical)
|
Lateral: posteromedial to axillary vein
Central: between lateral thoracic and subscapular vein Pectoral: inferolateral boarder of pectoralis minor Posterior: along subscapular vein Apical: medial to axillary vein, above upper border of pectoralis minor |
|
|
Lymph node orientation?
|
Lateral: brachial
Posterior: Subscapular Anterior: Pectoral |
|
|
What fascia envelops subclavius and pectoralis minor? and what are its components?
|
Clavicopectoral fascia
components are: costocoracoid ligament and membrane, and the suspensory ligaments of axilla |
|
|
What structure covers deltopectoral triangle? and is pierced by?
|
Costocoracoid membrane
Pierced by: cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery, lateral pectoral nerve |
|
|
Axillary fascia connections?
|
Anterior: Pectoral fascia, clavicopectoral fascia
Lateral: brachial fascia Posteromedial: Fascia over latissimus dorsi |
|
|
What structure encloses axillary vessels and brachial plexus
|
Axillary sheat
|
|
|
What structure supporst breasts? from where to where?
|
Suspensory ligaments (Cooper's ligaments) go from skin of breasts to deep layer of superficial fascia
|
|
|
Level of nipple?
|
4th intercostal space
|
|
|
Breast receives blood from?
|
medial mammary branches (anterior perforating branches of internal thoracic artery)
lateral mammary branches (lateral thoracic artery) pectoral branches (thoracoacromial trunk) lateral cutaneous branches (posterior intercostal arteries) |
|
|
Breast innervation?
|
anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 2nd to 6th intercostal nerves
|
|
|
Breast dysfunctions?
|
Polymastia (more than 2 breasts)
Polythelia (more than 2 nipples) Amastia (abcense of breasts) Athelia (abcense of nipple) |
|
|
Extension of mammary gland superolatteraly?
|
Axillary tail
|
|
|
superficial and deep fascia are separated by?
|
Retromammary space
|
|
|
Breast cancer occurance and may affect what?
|
Upper lateral quadrant (60%)!
cooper's ligaments and dimples the overlying skin by shrinking the ligaments, can shorten lactiferous ducts to cause inverted nipple, and it can affect pectoralis major |
|
|
Lymph drainage of breasts and routes?
|
Lateral> axillary nodes (75%) (pectoral nodes)
medial> parasternal nodes May connect to other breast lymphatics and anterior abdominal wall lymphatics |
|
|
Boundaries of the axilla
|
Medial: Upper ribs and intercostal muscles and serratus anterior muscle
Lateral: Humerus Anterior: Pectoralis major + minor Posterior: Teres Major, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi Base: Axillary fascia Apex: Intervall between; scapula, clavicle and 1st rib |
|
|
Contents of axilla?
|
Axillary vasculature, branches of brachial plexus, lymphnodes and areolar tissue
|
|
|
Quadrangular space boundaries and content?
|
Superior: Teres minor and subscapularis
Inferior: Teres major Lateral: Surgical neck of humerus Medial: Long head of triceps brachii Contents: Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex vessels |
|
|
Upper triangular space boundaries and content?
|
Superior: Teres minor
Inferior: Teres major Lateral Long head of triceps brachii Content: Circumflex scapular vessels |
|
|
Lower triangular space boundaries and content?
|
Superior: Teres major
Medial: Long head of triceps brachii Lateral: Medial head of triceps brachii content: Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery (deep brachial artery) |
|
|
Triangle of auscultation boundaries?
|
Inferior: Upper border of latissimus dorse
Medial: Lateral border of trapezius Lateral: Medial border of scapula |
|
|
Scapular anastamoses?
|
a. suprascapular, descending scapular and circumflex scapular a.
b. acromial and posterior humeral circumflex a. c. descending scapular and posterior intercostal a. |
|
|
Cubital fossa boundaries?
|
Lateral: Brachioradialis
Medial: Pronator teres Floor: Brachialis and supinator m. |
|
|
Cubital fossa contents?
|
RonBeatsBadMan (L to M): Radial nerve, Biceps tendon, Brachial artery and Median nerve!
|
|
|
Lower end of cubital fossa divides brachial a. into what?
|
Radial and Ulnar arteries
|
|
|
Bicipital aponeurosis lies on what structures?
|
Median n. and Brachial a.
|
|
|
What strucutures pass between interosseous membrane and oblique band? (proximal)
|
posterior interosseous vessels
|
|
|
what structures pierces interosseous membrane?
|
anterior interosseous vessels
|
|
|
Which is trongest? Pronation or supination?
|
Supination
|
|
|
What forms the carpal tunnel on anterior and posterior aspect of wrist
|
Anterior: Flexor retinaculum
Posterior: Carpal bones |
|
|
Contents of carpal tunnel?
|
Median n.
Tendons of: Flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor digitorum superficialis |
|
|
Fascial spaces of the palm and content?
|
Thenar space (lateral): flexor pollicis longus and flexor tendos of index finger.
Midpalmar space (medial): flexor tendons of medial 3 fingers |
|
|
Brachial plexus formed by?
|
C5-T1
|
|
|
Brachial plexus roots passes between what muscles?
|
Anterior scalene and middle scalene
|
|
|
Brachial plexus is enclosed with and by?
|
axillary a. and v. within axillary sheath
|
|
|
What nerve pierces scalene medius m.?
|
Dorsal scapular n. (C5)
|
|
|
what nerve runs over the serratus anterior muscle and innervates it?
|
Long thoracic n. (C5-C7)
|
|
|
Damage to what nerve causes winged scapula?
|
Long thoracic n. (C5-C7)
|
|
|
Branches from brachial plexus roots?
|
Long thoracic n.
Dorsal scapular n. |
|
|
Branches from upper trunk?
|
Suprascapular n.
Nerve to subclavius |
|
|
Branches from lateral cord?
|
Lateral pectoral n.
Musculocutaneus n. |
|
|
Branches from medial cord?
|
Medial pectoral n.
Medial brachial cutaneous n. Medial antebrachial cutaneous n. Ulnar n. |
|
|
Branches from medial and lateral cords?
|
Median n.
|
|
|
Branches from posterior cord?
|
Upper subscapular n.
Thoracodorsal n. Loswer subscapular n. Axillary n. Radial n. |
|
|
What n. does not branch in brachium?
|
Ulnar n.
|
|
|
Largest branch of brachial plexus?
|
Radial n.
|
|
|
What n. innervates all the flexor muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm? continue as?
|
Musculocutaneus n. (C5-C7)
continue as: Lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. |
|
|
Median n. innervates what?
|
all the anterior muscles of the forearm except for:
flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus. |
|
|
Claw hand caused by what nerve?
|
Ulnar n.
|
|
|
Ape hand caused by what nerve?
|
Median n.
|
|
|
Wrist drop caused by what nerve?
|
Radial n.
|
|
|
Central structure of axilla?
|
Axillary artery
|
