Untit 2

Front 1

Ecology

Back 1

the study of the relationships between organisms and the living and nonliving factorns in their environments

Front 2

Population

Back 2

group of organisms of the same species that live in one area during a species that live in one area.

Front 3

community

Back 3

the combination of all the populations living in a area and interacting with eachother

Front 4

ecosystem

Back 4

the living community AND its environment

Front 5

abiotic factor

Back 5

non living components

Front 6

biotic factors

Back 6

all the living organisms in an ecosystem

Front 7

biosphere

Back 7

the portion of the earth where life exists

Front 8

What are the 2 conditions for an ecosystem to be self sustaining?

Back 8

-relatively constant source of energy
-organic and inorganic nutrients need to be recycled (i.e. water and food)

Front 9

producers- definiton plus scientific name

Back 9

autotrophs
organism which can synthesize food from inorganic molecules
ex. plants

Front 10

consumers

Back 10

heterotrophs
organisms which cannot synthesize food on own

Front 11

decomposers-scientific name + definition

Back 11

saprophytes
organisms that act as decomposers by absorbing nutriens from dead organic matter
ex. mushrrom, fungi, bacteria

Front 12

herbivores

Back 12

only eat plants

Front 13

carnivores- 2 types

Back 13

predators and scavengers

Front 14

predators

Back 14

HUNT and KILL other animals for food

Front 15

scavengers

Back 15

SEARCH out dead or already dying organisms for food.

Front 16

omnivores

Back 16

eat both plants and animals

Front 17

Food chain

Back 17

involves the tranfer of energy from green plants through a series of organisms with repeated stages of eating and being eaten

Front 18

FIrst trophic lever

Back 18

producers and autotrophs

Front 19

second trophic level

Back 19

primary consumers, hetrotrophs

Front 20

tertiary consumers

Back 20

secondary consumers, hetertrophs

Front 21

Fourth trophic level called....

Back 21

quaternary level

Front 22

No designated trophic level

Back 22

decomposers, ant the end of food chain

Front 23

food web

Back 23

many interconnected food chains in an ecosystem

Front 24

ecological pyramids

Back 24

illustrate the realtionship between producers and consumers by indiacating the decrease in numbers, biomass or energy at each trophic level

Front 25

What are the three pyramids

Back 25

-pyramid of energy
-pyramid of biomass
-pyramid of number

Front 26

10% rule

Back 26

90% of energy is lost as heat as you move up each level of the pyramid

Front 27

symbiont

Back 27

refers to the smaller in a symbiotic relations ship

Front 28

host

Back 28

symbiont life of of it

Front 29

symbuituc relationships

Back 29

different types of organisms live together in a clse relationsships, symbiotic relationsships may or may not be beneficial to the orgasnisms involved

Front 30

three types of symbiotic relationships

Back 30

-commensalism
-mutualism
-parasitism

Front 31

commensalism

Back 31

symbiiont benefits
host doesn't benefit or is not harmed

shark + lamprey fish

Front 32

mutualism

Back 32

both symbiont and host benefit

Front 33

parasitism

Back 33

symbiont benerfits
host is harmed

Front 34

3 gases involved in carbon cycle and how are the cycled

Back 34

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

respiration, photosynthesis

Front 35

respiration

Back 35

the carbon and hydrogen in glucose react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

Front 36

photosynthesis

Back 36

h2o and co2 with the energy from the un are combined to form glucose and oxygen

Front 37

water cycle is important to

Back 37

all organisms

Front 38

water cycle involves the following process

Back 38

photosynthesis
precipitation
evaporaion
condensation
respiration
transpiration

Front 39

the nitrgoen cycle

Back 39

important for the production of protei, and essential building block in all living hthings

Front 40

nitrogen cycle involoves

Back 40

decomposer and other soil bacteria which break down and convert nitrogenous wastes and the remains of dead organisms into materails usable by autotrophs

Front 41

types of biomes

Back 41

terrestrial
aquatic

Front 42

terrestrial means

Back 42

land

Front 43

land biomes are characterized....

Back 43

by climax vegetation in the region

the major plant and animal associations on land are determined by the major climatic zones of the world

Front 44

climates vary as to....

Back 44

-precipitation
-light
-altitude (mountains, sea level)
-latitude (how far from equator)
-tmperature

Front 45

Aquatic means

Back 45

water

Front 46

largest ecosystem on earth

Back 46

aquatic

Front 47

__ % or earth is covered by water

Back 47

70

Front 48

which is more stable? aquatic or terrestrial

Back 48

aquatic

Front 49

Factors that affect aquatic kinds and #'s or organisms in aquatic ecosystem

Back 49

-dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide
-temperature
-light

Front 50

primary succesion

Back 50

-beings in virtually lifeless soil
-soil is not filled with nutrients, needed to cycle through self sustaining ecosystems

Front 51

pioneer species in primary succesion

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must be very simple organisms , live off few nutrients

modify the enviornment so more complex organisms can settle

Front 52

secondary succession

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occurs where an exsisting communit has been cleared by some disturbance (soil left intact)

Front 53

pioneer species in secondary succession

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more complex than in primary succession, complex organisms settle quickly

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end of succession

Back 54

climax community

Front 55

climax community ends...

Back 55

a catastrophe changes or alters it, otherwise continues

Front 56

each biomeis a different

Back 56

climax community