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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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pressure groups [ˈprɛʃə gruːps] to be under pressure [tuː biː ˈʌndə ˈprɛʃə] |
Non-profit and usually voluntary organizations whose members have a common cause for which they seek to influence political makers to achieve an objective. Facing or enduring something such as pressure or a deadline. >>> |
"The censorship [...] can sometimes be enforced by pressure groups." " Where the USSR and its policies are concerned one cannot expect intelligent criticism or even, in many cases, plain honesty from Liberal writers and journalists who are under no direct pressure to falsify their opinions." Lucie x |
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vested interests [ˈvɛstɪd ˈɪntrɪsts] |
A personal or private reason reason for wanting something to be done or to happen. |
"Certain topics cannot be discussed because of "vested interests". " Lucie V x |
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the best-known case [ðə bɛst-nəʊn keɪs] |
The most famous example |
"The best-known case is the patent medicine racket." Lucie V x |
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to silence criticism [ˈsaɪləns ˈkrɪtɪsɪzm] intelligent criticism [ɪnˈtɛlɪʤənt ˈkrɪtɪsɪzm ] criticism of [ˈkrɪtɪsɪzm ɒv] |
To curtail / suppress the expression of criticism A careful judgment about something. To make a remark or comment that expresses disapproval of something or somebody. |
"The Catholic Church has considerable influence in the press and can silence criticism of itself [...]." "[...] where the USSR and its policies are concerned one cannot expect intelligent criticism[..]" "[...] criticism of the Soviet régime from the left could only obtain a hearing with difficulty." Lucie V x |
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to some extent [tuː sʌm ɪksˈtɛnd] to a greater extent [tuː ə ˈgreɪtər ɪksˈtɛnt] |
To some degree; in some amount. To a more considerable degree. |
"The Catholic Church [...] can silence criticism of itself to some extent." "This rule has been almost universally observed since 1941, but it had operated, to a greater extent than is sometimes realised, for ten years earlier than that." Lucie V x |
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to be headline news [tuː biː ˈhɛdlaɪn njuːz] |
To attract a lot of attention from newspapers. |
"[..] an Anglican priest who gets into trouble is headline news." Lucie V x |
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it is very rare for (+N +to +VB) [ ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri reə fɔː ] |
Coming or occurring far apart in time; unusual; uncommon. |
"It is very rare for anything of an anti-Catholic tendency to appear on the stage or in a film." Lucie V x |
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to be liable to [tuː biː ˈlaɪəbl tuː] |
Likely to be affected or harmed by something. To be legally obligated or responsible. |
"[..] a play or a film which attacks or makes fun of the Catholic Church is liable to be boycotted in the press" Lucie V x |
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to look after [tuː lʊk ˈɑːftə] |
To take care of someone or something and make certain that they have everything they need. |
"Any large organization will look after its own interests as best it can [...]" Lucie V x |
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as best it can [æz bɛst ɪt kæn] |
As well as is possible in a particular situation. |
"Any large organization will look after its own interests as best it can [...]" Lucie V x |
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a huge output of [ə hjuːʤ ˈaʊtpʊt ɒv] |
• the (vast) amount (of something) produced by a person, a group, an industry. • the act of producing or manufacturing (a lot) (of something). |
"There was a huge output of anti-Russian literature [..]."
Lucie V x |
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a stream of [striːm ɒv] |
1. Water that flows naturally along a fixed route formed by a channel cut into rock or ground, usually at ground level. 2. a large amount or number moving or occuring in steady succession. |
"On the other side there was an equally huge and almost equally dishonest stream of pro-Russian propaganda [..]" Lucie V x |
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to amount to [tuː əˈmaʊnt tuː] |
to be the equivalent of to develop into; to become. |
"On the other side there was an equally huge and almost equally dishonest stream of pro-Russian propaganda, and what amounted to a boycott on anyone who tried to discuss all-important questions in a grown-up manner" Lucie V x |
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the highbrow press [ ðə ˈhaɪbraʊ prɛs ] |
-newspapers involving serious and complicated or artistic ideas
-newspapers interested in serious and complicated subjects |
"You could, indeed, publish anti-Russian books, but to do so was to make sure of being ignored or misrepresented by nearly the whole of the highbrow press." x Manon M |
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to play into the hands of [tuː pleɪ ˈɪntuː ðə hændz ɒv ] |
to act so as to give an advantage to an opponent to give someone an advantage
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"What you said might possibly be true, but it was 'inopportune' and played into the hands of this or that reactionary interest." Manon M x |
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on the ground that [ ɒn ðə graʊnd ðæt ] |
based on the fact that with the justification that |
"This attitude was usually defended on the ground that the international situation, and the urgent need for an Anglo-Russian alliance, demanded it; but it was clear that this was a rationalisation" Manon M x |
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to cast doubt on sth [ tuː kɑːst daʊt ɒn ] |
to make something seem uncertain
to have reservations about something |
"The English intelligentsia [...] had developed a nationalistic loyalty towards the USSR, and in their hearts they felt that to cast doubt on the wisdom of Stalin was a kind of blasphemy." Manon M x |
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to judge by different standards [tuː ˈʤʌʤ baɪ ˈdɪfrənt ˈstændədz] |
to judge about something using different criteria than those that are usually applied
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"Events in Russia and events elsewhere were to be judged by different standards". Manon M x |
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lifelong opponents of [ˈlaɪflɒŋ əˈpəʊnənts ɒv ] |
people who have disagreed with something for their whole lives
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"The endless executions in the purges of 1936-8 were applauded by lifelong opponents of capital punishment" Manon M x |
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however [ haʊˈɛvə ] |
- despite whatever amount or degree
- used to express surprise - in whatever way |
"Is every opinion, however - however foolish, even - entitled to a hearing ?" Manon M x |
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to be entitled to a hearing [ tuː ɪnˈtaɪtld tuː ə ˈhɪərɪŋ ] |
to have the right to explain something or give your opinions |
"Is every opinion, however - however foolish, even - entitled to a hearing ?" Manon M x |
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more often than not [ mɔːr ˈɒf(ə)n ðæn nɒt ] |
- most of the time - usually |
"the answer more often than not will be 'No' ". Manon M x |
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to lapse [ læps ] |
To fall from a previous level or standard, as of accomplishment, quality, or conduct |
"In that case the current orthodoxy happens to be challenged, and so the principle of free speech lapses." Manon M x |
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so long as [ səʊ lɒŋ æz ] |
• during the whole time that…
• provided that, on the condition that |
" There always must be, or at any rate there always will be, some degree of censorship, so long as organised societies endure." Manon M x |
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provided only that [prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈəʊnli ðæt ] |
upon the condition that
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"If the intellectual liberty [...] means anything at all, it means that everyone shall have the right to say and to print what he believes to be the truth, provided only that it does not harm the rest of the community in some unmistakable way." Manon M x |
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to take for granted [ tuː teɪk fɔː ˈgrɑːntɪd ] |
to believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it
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"Both capitalist democracy and the western versions of Socialism have till recently taken for granted." Manon M the sentence still does not make sense grammatically when it is cut like this |
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to make some show of sth / + ING [ tuː meɪk sʌm ʃəʊ ɒv ] |
to pretend to do something |
"Our Government, as I have already pointed out, still makes some show of respecting [freedom of expression]." Manon M x |
